A new class of obesity genes encodes leukocyte adhesion receptors

Obesity is a complex disease, and multiple genes contribute to the trait. The description of five genes (ob, db, tub, Ay, and fat) responsible for distinct syndromes of spontaneous monogenic obesity in mice has advanced our knowledge of the genetics of obesity. However, many other genes involved in the expression of this disease remain to be determined. We report here the identification of an additional class of genes involved in the regulation of adipose tissue mass. These genes encode receptors mediating leukocyte adhesion. Mice deficient in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 became spontaneously obese in old age on normal mouse chow or at a young age when provided with a diet rich in fat. Mice deficient in the counterreceptor for intercellular adhesion molecule-1, the leukocyte integrin αMβ2 (Mac-1), showed a similar obesity phenotype. Since all mice consumed approximately the same amount of food as controls, the leukocyte function appears to be in regulating lipid metabolism and/or energy expenditure. Our results indicate that (i) leukocytes play a role in preventing excess body fat deposition and (ii) defects in leukocyte adhesion receptors can result in obesity.

Analysis of Plasminogen Genetic Variants in Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent neurological disease of complex etiology. Here, we describe the characterization of a multi-incident MS family that nominated a rare missense variant (p.G420D) in plasminogen (PLG) as a putative genetic risk factor for MS. Genotyping of PLG p.G420D (rs139071351) in 2160 MS patients, and 886 controls from Canada, identified 10 additional probands, two sporadic patients and one control with the variant. Segregation in families harboring the rs139071351 variant, identified p.G420D in 26 out of 30 family members diagnosed with MS, 14 unaffected parents, and 12 out of 30 family members not diagnosed with disease. Despite considerably reduced penetrance, linkage analysis supports cosegregation of PLG p.G420D and disease. Genotyping of PLG p.G420D in 14446 patients, and 8797 controls from Canada, France, Spain, Germany, Belgium, and Austria failed to identify significant association with disease (P = 0.117), despite an overall higher prevalence in patients (OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 0.93-1.87). To assess whether additional rare variants have an effect on MS risk, we sequenced PLG in 293 probands, and genotyped all rare variants in cases and controls. This analysis identified nine rare missense variants, and although three of them were exclusively observed in MS patients, segregation does not support pathogenicity. PLG is a plausible biological candidate for MS owing to its involvement in immune system response, blood-brain barrier permeability, and myelin degradation. Moreover, components of its activation cascade have been shown to present increased activity or expression in MS patients compared to controls; further studies are needed to clarify whether PLG is involved in MS susceptibility.

Huerco; cuentos.

Mode of access: Internet.

Dios te salve!

Mode of access: Internet.

Los amores de Juan Rivault /

Los amores de Juan Rivault.--El busto.--La realidad.--Amor juicioso.--Ella!--La tolerancia.--La tentación.--Cuento breve.--La repollada.

El alto de las ánimas (novela)

Errata slip inserted.

Beba /

Mode of access: Internet.

Monedas usadas por los indios de América al tiempo del descubrimienio, según los antiguos documentos y cronistas españoles.

"Extracto de las Actas del XVIIo Congreso internacional de americanistas, pág. 556 y siguientes."

Supplement to chloropicrin bibliography /

"October 1930"

Bibliotheca brasiliense, Catalogo annotado dos livros sobre o Brasil e de alguns autographos e manuscritos pertencentes a J.C. Rodrigues. Pate 1. Descobrimento da America: Brasil colonial, 1492-1822.

Mode of access: Internet.

Folk-lore from the Dominican republic,

Mode of access: Internet.

Biblioteca hispano americana setentrional.

Vol. 4: Comprende los anónimos que dejó escritos el autor, las adiciones del Dr. Osores y otras añadidas posteriormente por las personas que se expresan. José Toribio Medina publícalo ahora con una introd. bio-bibliográfica. Santiago de Chile, Impr. Elzeviriana, 1897.

統率の心理 : 馬の心理と其調教 指揮と統御 全

Mode of access: Internet.

Los viajes de Diego García de Moguer al Rio de la Plata; estudio histórico,

Tirada de 200 ejemplares.