中国对虾PC2 Ⅲ系列抗菌肽的分离纯化及活性

以我国主要经济海产品中国对虾( Penus chinensis ) 为研究对象, 通过Sephadex G250 、RP2HPLC 等 技术分离纯化到PC2 Ⅲ系列中国对虾天然抗菌肽。经初步鉴定, 该系列抗菌肽对革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性菌都 表现出程度不一的抑菌活性, 且不同程度地影响小白鼠离体回肠肌收缩, 但无丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂活性。用 MALDI2TOF 质谱对样品进行分析, 检测到分子量分别为1 071 Da 和1 311 Da 的两种抗菌肽。这些抗菌肽对对虾 抵御微生物的侵袭具有重要的作用

Preliminary observations of the use of under-water light in fish catch

Experiments with drift gill net with under-water lights were carried out in the sea and estuarine region along with a control net of the same specifications without any light in the same fishing ground for comparison. The experimental net caught more fish in number and weight than the control. Fishes like pomfrets (Pampus chinensis, Parastromafeus niger), seer (Scomberomorus spp), hilsa (Ilisha spp) etc showed positive phototaxis and were gilled encircling the point of illumination. Young skates (Mobula spp) and Polynemus tetradactylus were antiphototactic. The number of fishes caught increased with increase in period of illumination. The catch of larger fishes was maximum at 60 mts of illumination and the total catch increased with increase in intensity of light. Additional cost of operation with under-water light was Rs 1-25 per hr but the catch was 4 to 5 times greater than that of the control net.

Phylogenetic relationships of 12 Penaeoidea shrimp species deduced from mitochondrial DNA sequences

DNA sequences of an 847 bp fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and a 514 bp fragment of 16s rRNA gene were determined to examine the phylogenetic relationships of 12 Penaeoidea shrimp species (Penaeus chinensis, Penaeus japon

A new species of Paramesotriton (Caudata : Salamandridae) from Guizhou Province, China

We describe a new species of salamander, Paramesotriton zhijinensis, from Guizhou Province, China. The generic allocation of the new species is based on morphological and molecular characters. In morphology, it is most similar to Paramesotriton chinensis

蒲葵籽提取物体外抗HIV-1活性及机制的初步研究

下载PDF阅读器目的 研究蒲葵籽提取物的体外抗HIV-1活性,对有活性粗提物进行初步机制研究.方法 采用细胞毒性、合胞体抑制、HIV-1感染细胞保护实验和HIV-1 p24抗原测定等实验对蒲葵籽提取物体外抗HIV-1活性进行筛选和确认;采用重组HIV-1逆转录酶和蛋白酶活性抑制实验,融合阻断实验初步探讨活性粗提物的作用机制.结果 蒲葵籽的醋酸乙酯(P3)提取物具有较强的体外抗HIV-1活性,P3抑制HIV-1诱导C8166细胞形成合胞体的EC50为5.64 pg/mL,对C8166细胞的毒性较小,CC50大于200 μg/mL,治疗指数(T1)大于35.46;P3抑制HIV-1急性感染中p24抗原表达的EC50为23.04 μg/mL,抑制正常C8166细胞与慢性感染细胞Hg/HIV-1-B融合的EC50为8.00 μg/mL;P3在质量浓度为200μg/mL时,对HIV-1逆转录酶的抑制率为28.86%;P3抑制重组HIV-1蛋白酶活性的EC50为1.77μg/mL.结论 蒲葵籽的醋酸乙酯提取物(P3)具有较强的体外抗HIV-1活性,其作用机制可能主要为阻断病毒进入和抑制HIV-1蛋白酶活性.

树鼩实验室繁殖的新方法

在实验室笼养条件下将28只健康成年树鼬按1:2或1:3的雄雌比例配对饲养,并每隔3周进行一次检查,通过一年的试验饲养,研究结果表明,这批实验树鼬共受孕45次,分娩37窝,流产2窝,死产3窝,总产仔147只,成活139只,另有3只母树鼦怀孕待产.每只母树鼩产仔2～3窝,每窝2～5仔,幼仔初生体重为(10.4±1.2)g,40日龄断奶体重为(66.2±15.7)g.该方法树鼩繁殖率和成活率极高,成本相对较低且操作简单,是一种值得参考和借鉴的新方法.

库布齐沙地三年生人工藻结皮发育特征及微生物分布

对库布齐沙地4种三年生不同立地条件下人工藻结皮的发育特征和微生物分布进行研究,结果表明:(1)将荒漠蓝藻接种到沙面,形成的人工藻结皮经过3年的生长和发育,结皮的平均厚度达到2.23—5.36mm,呈现深黑色和灰绿色,结皮盖度大于70%。其中沙柳(Salixcheilophila Schneid.)-羊草(Aneurolepidium chinensis)-藻(algae)结皮(SAA)发育最好、生物量最高,且演替成苔藓结皮。在人工藻结皮区普遍出现沙生植物的拓殖和大量生长,如沙米(Agriphyllum s

New species of Doliodrilus and other Limnodriloidinae (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) from Hainan and other parts of the north-west Pacific Ocean

Thirteen species of Limnodriloidinae (Tubificidae) are recorded from marine and brackish-water habitats of Hainan Island, southern China, including 11 species of Doliodrilus and two species belonging to Limnodriloides . Eight species are new to science: D. bisaccus sp. n. (types from Japan), D. longidentatus sp. n. (types from Hong Kong), D. ciliatus sp. n., D. adiacens sp. n., D. fibrisaccus sp. n. (also from Fiji), D. brachyductus sp. n., D. bidolium sp. n. and D. chinensis sp. n. In addition, material of D. puertoricensis Erseus and Milligan, 1988, from New Caledonia, is briefly described. This study shows that Doliodrilus is unexpectedly species-rich in Asian seas, in particular, around Hainan. Including an unnamed species from this island, the known members of this genus increase from three to 12.

Development of polymorphic EST markers in Penaeus monodon: applications in penaeid genetics

The objective of this study was to develop type I markers for genome mapping and other genetic studies of Penaeus monodon. Primers were designed based on expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a P monodon cephalothorax cDNA library to amplify 100-300 bp products. 34 of the primer pairs successfully amplified PCR products from genomic DNA. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis showed that similar to 30% of the ESTs tested exhibit polymorphism in a test panel of P monodon individuals. Mendelian inheritance of the EST-derived markers has been established in two international reference mapping families of P monodon, and mapping of these markers is in progress. Some ESTs were successfully amplified from other Penaeus species (P. chinensis, P japonicus and P vannamei), indicating that the markers are applicable in cross-species comparison. Two populations of P. japonicus could be differentiated using one of the ESTS. In conclusion, the polymorphic EST markers developed in this study are applicable in genome mapping and population genetic studies of penaeid shrimp. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Impact of eutrophication on biodiversity of the macrozoobenthos community in a Chinese shallow lake

Comparative studies on community structure and biodiversity of macrozoobenthos were carried out in three lake areas with different states of eutrophication (mesotrophic, eutrophic and hypereutrophic) in a shallow subtropic lake (Lake Donghu) in the middle basin of the Yangtze River of China. Thirty-three taxa (including six Mollusca, five Oligochaeta, 15 Chironomidae and seven other zoobenthos) were found during February 1998 to April 1999. The results show that the more eutrophic the lake water, the lower the macrozoobenthos species diversity (measured as species number, diversity index, and K-dominant curves). Abundance of the oligochaete Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri was positively correlated with the degree of eutrophication, which was due mainly to its ability to tolerate low dissolved oxygen. The chironomid Tanypus chinensis also thrived in the hypereutrophic environment; however, it was less endurable to eutrophication than L. hoffmeisteri.

Sequences of cytochrome b gene for primitive cyprinid fishes in East Asia and their phylogenetic concerning

1140 bp of cytochrome b gene were amplified and sequenced from 14 species of primitive cyprinid fishes in East Asia. Aligned with other ten cytochrome b gene sequences of cyprinid fish from Europe and North America retrieved from Gene bank, we obtained a matrix of 24 DNA sequences. A cladogram was generated by the method of Maximum likelihood for the primitive cyprinid fishes. The result indicated that subfamily Leuciscinae and Danioninae do not form a monophyletic group. In the subfamily Danioninae, Opsariichthys biden and Zacco platypus are very primitive and form a natural group and located at the root. But the genera in subfamily Danioninae are included in different groups and have not direct relationship. Among them, Aphyocypris chinensis and Yaoshanicus arcus form a monophyletic group. Tanichthys albonubes and Gobiocypris rarus have a close relation to Gobioninae. The genus Danio is far from other genera in Danioninae, In our cladogram, the genera in Leuciscinae were divided into two groups that have no direct relationship. The genera in Leuciscinae distributed in Europe, Sibera and North America, including Leuciscus, Rutilus, Phoxinus, N. crysole, Opsopoeodus emilae, form a monophyletic group. And the Leuciscinae in southern China including Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Mylopharyngodon piceus, Squalibarbus and Ochetobius elongatus have a common origination.

Bioaccumulation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the foodweb of Ya-Er Lake area, China

Bioaccumulation of PCDD/F in the foodweb was investigated in the Ya-Er Lake area, which was heavily polluted by PCDD/F. The high concentrations of PCDD/F in sediment can be transferred and bioaccumulated by aquatic organisms and humans through various pathways. Benthonic invertebrate animals and aquatic plants with a lot of fibers in the root can accumulate PCDD/F from sediment and water. Snail (Bellamya aeruginosa), shrimp (Macrobranchium sp.) and freshwater mussel (Acuticosta chinensis (Lea)) took up PCDD/F from the water and maintained the emission patterns, whereas fish tended to selectively accumulate 2,3,7,8-substituted isomers. The tissues of fish-eating bird and duck (Anas platyrhynchos) were very highly contaminated by PCDD/F due to ingestion of fish and other aquatic organisms from sediment. The residual concentration in breast milk depended on the original concentration of PCDD/F in the food. A resident in Ya-Er Lake area showed a daily intake of PCDD/ F of about 9.14 pg TEQ/kg body weight/day. This is higher than the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for PCDD/F (1 pg TEQ/kg body weight/day), which was recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

安达市碱性草地土壤颗粒的分维特征

运用土壤颗粒质量分形模型计算松嫩平原低平地安达试区植被分布区和碱斑区样点土壤颗粒的分形维数,并建立分形维数与土壤颗粒不同粒级间的回归关系,以探讨土地碱化后土壤粒径分布的分形特征及其与土壤物理性状的关系。结果表明:安达试区土壤颗粒分形维数较高,平均分别仅有48.7×10-5cm/s(Pit A)和4.30×10-6cm/s(Pit B),反映了该区土壤细颗粒含量高、土壤大孔隙数量少、土壤饱和导水率低的特征;土壤颗粒分形维数与黏粒含量呈对数正相关关系,而与粉粒和砂粒含量相关性不显著,说明在安达试区,影响土壤颗粒分形维数的主要因素是黏粒含量;羊草地土壤颗粒分形维数在土壤垂直剖面上的变异较大,说明植被生长促进了土壤质地的变异;碱斑地土壤颗粒分形维数明显大于羊草地,细颗粒含量高,饱和导水率低,说明碱斑的形成恶化了土壤物理性质;土壤颗粒分形维数可以反映安达市土壤物理性质的好坏,能作为土壤退化和生态环境恶化的评价指标。研究结果可为安达市以及松嫩平原盐碱地生态环境的修复和治理提供科学依据。