Is economic valuation of ecosystem services useful to decision-makers? Lessons learned from Australian coastal and marine management

Economic valuation of ecosystem services is widely advocated as a useful decision-support tool for ecosystem management. However, the extent to which economic valuation of ecosystem services is actually used or considered useful in decision-making is poorly documented. This literature blindspot is explored with an application to coastal and marine ecosystems management in Australia. Based on a nation-wide survey of eighty-eight decision-makers representing a diversity of management organizations, the perceived usefulness and level of use of ecosystem services economic valuation in support of coastal and marine management are examined. A large majority of decision-makers are found to be familiar with economic valuation and consider it useful - even necessary - in decision-making, although this varies across decision-makers groups. However, most decision-makers never or rarely use it. The perceived level of importance and trust in estimated dollar values differ across ecosystem services, and are especially high for values that relate to commercial activities. A number of factors are also found to influence respondent’s use of economic valuation. Such findings concur with conclusions from other existing works, and are instructive to reflect on the issue of the usefulness of ESV in environmental management decision-making. They also confirm that the survey-based approach developed in this application represents a sound strategy to examine this issue at various scales and management levels.

Selective dissemination of XML documents based on genetically learned user model and Support Vector Machines

Extensible Markup Language ( XML) has emerged as a medium for interoperability over the Internet. As the number of documents published in the form of XML is increasing, there is a need for selective dissemination of XML documents based on user interests. In the proposed technique, a combination of Adaptive Genetic Algorithms and multi class Support Vector Machine ( SVM) is used to learn a user model. Based on the feedback from the users, the system automatically adapts to the user's preference and interests. The user model and a similarity metric are used for selective dissemination of a continuous stream of XML documents. Experimental evaluations performed over a wide range of XML documents, indicate that the proposed approach significantly improves the performance of the selective dissemination task, with respect to accuracy and efficiency.

Selective dissemination of XML documents based on genetically learned user model and Support Vector Machines

Extensible Markup Language ( XML) has emerged as a medium for interoperability over the Internet. As the number of documents published in the form of XML is increasing, there is a need for selective dissemination of XML documents based on user interests. In the proposed technique, a combination of Adaptive Genetic Algorithms and multi class Support Vector Machine ( SVM) is used to learn a user model. Based on the feedback from the users, the system automatically adapts to the user's preference and interests. The user model and a similarity metric are used for selective dissemination of a continuous stream of XML documents. Experimental evaluations performed over a wide range of XML documents, indicate that the proposed approach significantly improves the performance of the selective dissemination task, with respect to accuracy and efficiency.

Evaluating governance and participatory processes in Natura 2000: lessons learned and guidance for future prospects

In recent years, participatory approaches have been incorporated in decision-making processes as a way to strengthen the bonds between diverse areas of knowledge and social actors in natural resources management and environmental governance. Despite the favourable context, this paradigm shift is still in an early stage within the development of the Natura 2000 in the European Union, the largest network of protected areas in the world. To enhance the full scope of participatory approaches in this context, this article: (i) briefly reviews the role of participatory approaches in environmental governance, (ii) develops a common framework to evaluate such participatory processes in protected area management, (iii) applies this framework to a real case study, and (iv) based on the lessons learned, provides guidance to improve the future governance of Natura 2000 sites.

Evaluating Governance and Participatory Processes in Natura 2000: Lessons Learned and Guidance for Future Prospects

23 p.

Memórias, leituras e escritas comuns de um protagonista anônimo da história: José Luiz da Silva

A pesquisa teve como objetivo conhecer o processo de formação de um sujeito comum: José Luiz da Silva, ararunense (PB), nascido em 1929, oriundo de família de classe popular. Para isso, combinou duas fontes possíveis em estudos envolvendo os protagonistas anônimos da História: seus relatos orais de vida construídos em situação de entrevista e suas escritas ordinárias, buscando identificar marcas de escolarização nesses materiais e suas possíveis ausências , produzidas pelos modelos praticados em contextos escolares, assim como dificuldades enfrentadas por quem foi privado do direito à educação escolar, e que aprendeu a ler e a escrever em outros espaços. Por meio desses fundamentos indispensáveis para o desenvolvimento de aprendizagens, aventurou-se à construção de conhecimentos de forma pessoal, sobretudo, pela leitura. O estudo (auto)biográfico revelou parte das interdições sofridas, em um Estado republicano, destacando períodos cruciais que atravessaram a trajetória do colaborador, percebidos a contrapelo. As narrativas construídas durante os encontros dialógicos permitiram entrar em contato com memórias e subjetividades inerentes ao processo identitário do sujeito, bem como aproximar-me da complexidade que envolveu seu processo de construção de conhecimento nas práticas sociais, à medida que durante as construções narrativas apoderou-se de seus territórios de passagem. A proposta indiciária contribuiu na percepção e apreensão de detalhes reveladores do processo de formação do sujeito e dos usos que fez de táticas, na condição de subalternidade imposta pelos modelos hegemônicos. A pesquisa favoreceu-se, apesar da falta de objetos-monumentos das passagens escolares, do transbordamento da memória de um cidadão octogenário. As experiências (re)construídas pelo Sr. José Luiz revelaram aspectos que se assemelham a histórias de vida de outros sujeitos adultos: no momento em que o direito à educação na infância lhes é negado, (re)inventam outras formas de aprender e de participar da sociedade da cultura escrita