340 resultados para HEMODIÁLISE
Resumo:
Over the years there has been a broader definition of the term health. At the same time it was found also an evolution of the concept of health care which in turn has led to changes in the approach to delivery of health services and hence in its management. In this regard, currently the nephrology services have been searching for quality technical and social need. In view of these innovations and the quest for quality, it elaborated the general objective: to develop a quality assessment protocol for dialysis service Onofre Lopes University Hospital. It is an intervention project effected through an action research, which consisted of 4 steps. Initially was identified through a literature search in scientific literature, which quality indicators would apply to a dialysis unit being selected as follows: infection rate in hemodialysis access site, microbiological control of water used for hemodialysis and Index User satisfaction. Through critical reflection on the theme researched in the previous step, it was drawn up three data collection instruments, interview form type, applied between the months of October and November 2015. In addition to the information obtained, also made up of the use of information retrieval technique. The results were organized in graphs and tables and analyzed using qualitative and exploratory technical approach. Then a reflective analysis of the data obtained and the diagnosis of reality studied was traced and confronted with the literature was performed. The data produced in this study revealed that the Dialysis Unit of HUOL is much to be desired, considering that some weaknesses have been identified in its structure. Faced with this finding have been proposed, as a contribution and aiming to guide the development of future actions, suggestions for improvement that should be implemented and monitored to be assured overcoming these difficulties, allowing an appropriate organizational restructuring, and resulting in improved service public offered. It was concluded that for hemodialysis treatment results are achieved and positive, it is necessary to have physical structure and adequate infrastructure, multidisciplinary team specialized, trained and in sufficient quantity, well designed processes for professionals to have standards to be followed decreasing the chance to err, and a risk management system to detect and control situations that endanger patient safety.
Resumo:
Over the years there has been a broader definition of the term health. At the same time it was found also an evolution of the concept of health care which in turn has led to changes in the approach to delivery of health services and hence in its management. In this regard, currently the nephrology services have been searching for quality technical and social need. In view of these innovations and the quest for quality, it elaborated the general objective: to develop a quality assessment protocol for dialysis service Onofre Lopes University Hospital. It is an intervention project effected through an action research, which consisted of 4 steps. Initially was identified through a literature search in scientific literature, which quality indicators would apply to a dialysis unit being selected as follows: infection rate in hemodialysis access site, microbiological control of water used for hemodialysis and Index User satisfaction. Through critical reflection on the theme researched in the previous step, it was drawn up three data collection instruments, interview form type, applied between the months of October and November 2015. In addition to the information obtained, also made up of the use of information retrieval technique. The results were organized in graphs and tables and analyzed using qualitative and exploratory technical approach. Then a reflective analysis of the data obtained and the diagnosis of reality studied was traced and confronted with the literature was performed. The data produced in this study revealed that the Dialysis Unit of HUOL is much to be desired, considering that some weaknesses have been identified in its structure. Faced with this finding have been proposed, as a contribution and aiming to guide the development of future actions, suggestions for improvement that should be implemented and monitored to be assured overcoming these difficulties, allowing an appropriate organizational restructuring, and resulting in improved service public offered. It was concluded that for hemodialysis treatment results are achieved and positive, it is necessary to have physical structure and adequate infrastructure, multidisciplinary team specialized, trained and in sufficient quantity, well designed processes for professionals to have standards to be followed decreasing the chance to err, and a risk management system to detect and control situations that endanger patient safety.
Resumo:
Introduction: The production of KPC (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase) has become an important mechanism of carbapenem-resistance among Enterobacteriaceae strains. In Brazil, KPC is already widespread and its incidence has increased significantly, reducing treatment options. The “perfect storm” combination of the absence of new drug developmentand the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains resulted in the need for the use of older drugs, with greater toxicity, such as polymyxins. Aims: To determine the occurrence of carbapenemase-producing strains in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients with nosocomial infection/colonization during September/2014 to August/2015, to determine the risk factors associated with 30-day- mortality and the impact of inappropriate therapy. Materials and Methods: We performed a case control study to assess the risk factors (comorbidities, invasive procedures and inappropriate antimicrobial therapy) associated with 30-day-mortality, considering the first episode of infection in 111 patients. The resistance genes blaKPC, blaIMP, blaVIM and blaNDM-1 were detected by polymerase chain reaction technique. Molecular typing of the strains involved in the outbreak was performed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis technique. The polymyxin resistance was confirmed by the microdilution broth method. Results: 188 episodes of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections/colonizations were detected; of these, 122 strains were recovered from the hospital laboratory. The presence of blaKPC gene were confirmed in the majority (74.59%) of these isolates. It was not found the presence of blaIMP , blaVIM and blaNDM-1 genes. K. pneumoniae was the most frequent microorganism (77,13%), primarily responsible for urinary tract infections (21,38%) and infections from patients of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (61,38%). Multivariate statistical analysis showed as predictors independently associated with mortality: dialysis and bloodstream infection. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed a lower probability of survival in the group of patients receiving antibiotic therapy inappropriately. Antimicrobial use in adult ICU varied during the study period, but positive correlation between increased incidence of strains and the consumption was not observed. In May and July 2015, the occurrence rates of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae KPC-producing per 1000 patient-days were higher than the control limit established, confirming two outbreaks, the first caused by colistin-susceptible KPC-producing K. pneumoniae isolates, with a polyclonal profile and the second by a dominant clone of colistin-resistant (≥ 32 μg/mL) KPC-producing K. pneumoniae. The cross transmission between patients became clear by the temporal and spatial relationships observed in the second outbreak, since some patients occupied the same bed, showing problems in hand hygiene adherence among healthcare workers and inadequate terminal disinfection of environment. The outbreak was contained when the ICU was closed to new admissions. Conclusions: The study showed an endemicity of K. pneumoniae KPC-producing in adult ICU, progressing to an epidemic monoclonal expansion, resulted by a very high antibiotic consumption of carbapenems and polymyxins and facilitated by failures in control measures the unit.
Resumo:
A incidência da Insuficiência Renal Crónica (IRC) em Portugal tem aumentado progressivamente. De acordo com o relatório de 2013 da Sociedade Portuguesa de Nefrologia (SPN; 2014), no nosso país, encontram-se em terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) 18345 pessoas. Destas, 10977 fazem hemodiálise (HD). Este tratamento, por si só, implica uma imobilidade acrescida, confinando as pessoas a um cadeirão cerca de 15 horas por semana. Para além disso, a própria IRC e a HD, pelo catabolismo, pela síndrome urémica e pela neuromiopatia urémica, provocam perda de força muscular, descondicionamento e limitações da capacidade funcional. Atendendo ao facto de a população em HD ser cada vez mais envelhecida, concordaremos com Kosmadakis et al. (2010) quando diz que os utentes em HD são mais sedentários quando comparados com indivíduos saudáveis da mesma idade, sendo que a sua atividade física diminui 3,4% cada mês após início da HD. Os autores acrescentam que pessoas sedentárias em HD têm um risco de mortalidade muito superior a indivíduos não sedentários em HD. Esta é, portanto, uma população carente de cuidados de reabilitação. Apesar disso, a grande maioria dos serviços não vê na reabilitação destes doentes uma prioridade, sendo a oferta de cuidados de reabilitação muito limitada no nosso país.
Resumo:
Texto da unidade 2 que compõe o módulo 2, “Política Nacional de atenção ao portador de doenças renais”, do curso de especialização em Nefrologia Multidisciplinar, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Aborda o manejo dos estágios da Doença Renal Crônica (DRC), desde estágios iniciais até estágios tardios da doença, os principais exames e intervenções clínicas necessários em cada estágio da DRC, bem como particularidades do manejo do paciente em hemodiálise, diálise peritoneal e transplante
Resumo:
Texto que compõe a unidade 4 do módulo “Nutrição e doenças renais” do Curso de Especialização em Nefrologia Multidisciplinar, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Apresenta a importância da terapia nutricional, bem como as recomendações de nutrientes para pacientes com Doença Renal Crônica e Lesão Renal Aguda. Nesta unidade o manejo nutricional será apresentado na fase pré-dialítica, hemodiálise, diálise peritoneal, lesão renal aguda e transplante renal.
Resumo:
Texto que compõe o módulo 10 "Farmacologia em Nefrologia" do curso de especialização em Nefrologia Multidisciplinar, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Aborda os aspectos históricos relacionados à assistência e regulamentação a partir das políticas públicas em saúde. Destaca, ainda, as principais funções do farmacêutico no atendimento ao paciente renal, os medicamentos mais utilizados em pacientes submetidos a hemodiálise e diálise peritoneal, além de apontar os documentos necessários para a solicitação de medicamentos.
Resumo:
O Diabetes Mellitus configura-se hoje como uma epidemia mundial, traduzindo-se em grande desafio para os sistemas de saúde de todo o mundo. No Brasil, o diabetes junto com a hipertensão arterial é responsável pela primeira causa de mortalidade e de hospitalizações, de amputações de membros inferiores e representa ainda 62,1% dos diagnósticos primários em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica submetidos à diálise. E com isso o Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) tem a responsabilidade de proporcionar ao diabético e sua família um excelente atendimento e acompanhamento, prevenindo assim futuras complicações. Este trabalho parte da constatação que cerca de 34% dos diabéticos eram insulinodependentes, enquanto evidências mostram essa ralação como 15%. Outro fator de alarme é o número de pacientes insulinodependentes submetidos à hemodiálise: 8 em 12. Procedeu-se a revisão bibliográfica em banco de dados nacionais sobre antecedentes do atual sistema de atenção à saúde e organização do setor saúde no Brasil. Dados do PSF Pró - Vida I de Riachinho, em Minas Gerais, em 2010. Em registros de cadastros do programa HIPERDIA e do Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica (SIAB) foram revistos, registrando-se e discutindo as informações relativas à prevalência, características da população geral e da diabética, seus antecedentes de saúde e os dados clínicos e epidemiológicos, sendo apresentados encaminhamentos.
Resumo:
A hipertensão arterial sistêmica é uma das principais causas de consulta em serviços de atenção primaria à saúde. A mudança no estilo de vida é parte fundamental na prevenção e no tratamento da hipertensão arterial sistêmica. A avaliação do risco cardiovascular é uma ferramenta importante na definição de metas e na instituição do tratamento. Pessoas com risco cardiovascular alto necessitam de intervenções mais agressivas e precoces. A doença renal crônica provoca grandes custos econômicos tanto para os serviços de saúde públicos quanto para o paciente, diminuindo a qualidade de vida do mesmo e obrigando-o a utilizar os serviços de hemodiálise pelo resto da vida ou até conseguir uma doação renal. Com base nestes conceitos, este trabalho objetivou propor um plano de intervenção com vistas à redução da incidência de pacientes portadores de doença renal crônica intervindo nos fatores de risco, comorbidades e, principalmente, na doença arterial hipertensiva. Para fundamentar o plano foi realizada pesquisa por meio de busca digital nas bases de dados da SciELO com os descritores: Insuficiência Renal Crônica, Diálise Renal e Terapia de Substituição Renal e dados estatísticos dos pacientes cadastrados na Unidade Básica de Saúde . Pretende-se que esse estudo contribua para que os profissionais possam explicar de forma clara e detalhada sobre a hipertensão e seus riscos, enfatizar os objetivos do tratamento e a meta pressórica, esclarecer dúvidas com o paciente, discutir as expectativas e construir junto ao indivíduo, um plano terapêutico factível de forma a contribuir para o sucesso terapêutico