979 resultados para Goldschmidt-Rothschild, ErichGoldschmidt-Rothschild, ErichErichGoldschmidt-Rothschild


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The goal of t.his paper is to show the possibility of a non-monot.one relation between coverage and risk which has been considered in the literature of insurance models since the work of Rothschild and Stiglitz (1976). We present an insurance model where the insured agents have heterogeneity in risk aversion and in lenience (a prevention cost parameter). Risk aversion is described by a continuou.'l parameter which is correlated with lenience and, for the sake of simplicity, we assume perfect correlation. In the case of positive correlation, the more risk averse agent has higher cost of prevention leading to a higher demand for coverage. Equivalently, the single crossing property (SCP) is valid and implies a positive correlation between coverage and risk in equilibrium. On the other hand, if the correlation between risk aversion and lenience is negative, not only may the sep be broken, but also the monotonicity of contracts, i.e., the prediction that high (Iow) risk averse types choose full (partial) insurance. In both cases riskiness is monotonic in risk aversion, but in the last case t,here are some coverage leveIs associated with two different risks (low and high), which implies that the ex-ante (with respect to the risk aversion distribution) correlation bet,ween coverage and riskiness may have every sign (even though the ex-post correlation is always positive). Moreover, using another instrument (a proxy for riskiness), we give a testable implication to disentangle single crossing and non single crossing under an ex-post zero correlation result: the monotonicity of coverage as a function of riskiness. Since by controlling for risk aversion (no asymmetric informat, ion), coverage is a monotone function of riskiness, this also gives a test for asymmetric information. Finally, we relate this theoretical results to empirica! tests in the recent literature, specially the Dionne, Gouriéroux and Vanasse (2001) work. In particular, they found an empirical evidence that seems to be compatible with asymmetric information and non single crossing in our framework. More generally, we build a hidden information model showing how omitted variabIes (asymmetric information) can bias the sign of the correlation of equilibrium variabIes conditioning on ali observabIe variabIes. We show that this may be t,he case when the omitted variabIes have a non-monotonic reIation with t,he observable ones. Moreover, because this non-monotonic reIat,ion is deepIy reIated with the failure of the SCP in one-dimensional screening problems, the existing lit.erature on asymmetric information does not capture t,his feature. Hence, our main result is to point Out the importance of t,he SCP in testing predictions of the hidden information models.

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O presente trabalho buscou investigar como o mercado de serviços de saúde é afetado pela assimetria de informação, que acaba por justificar a intervenção do governo. Foi realizada uma análise do funcionamento do setor de serviços de saúde e como a assimetria de informação, principalmente a proveniente de seleção adversa, o afeta. Para tanto, foram levados em consideração os modelos de Akerlof e Rothschild e Stiglitz. Em um momento seguinte, foram discutidas as características e particularidades deste setor e porque a intervenção do governo acaba sendo necessária. Neste ponto discutem-se também as questões distributivas de renda ligadas ao setor de saúde. Finalmente, como exemplo, as soluções adotadas por Brasil e Estados Unidos são apresentadas e analisadas. Na conclusão são apresentadas e discutidas as implicações da cada uma destas escolhas, bem como apresentadas sugestões para novos estudos nessa área.

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The activation of pre-kininogenin to kininogenin (pre-kallikrein to kallikrein) is one of the steps in the series of reactions of a complex system, linked also to fibrinolysis and coagulation, that leads to kinin release in plasma (See Cochrane et al., 1976; Wuepper, 1976; Kaplan et al., 1976; Kaplan et al., 1976). For human plasma, a test using kaolin as activator and measuring kallikrein activity with the chromogenic substrate Chromozym PK (Nα-benzoyl-prolyl-phenylalanyl-arginyl-nitroanilide, Pentapharm, Basle) is routinely employed. The purpose of this paper is to further study the mechanism of this activation, by means of different activators and using as inhibitor hexadimethrine bromide (Polybrene). Besides kaolin, sulfated polysaccharides, such as heparin and cellulose sulfate are able to activate pre-kininogenin to kininogenin. Hexadimethrine as expected, inhibited the activation by heparin and also that by cellulose sulfate. The activation by kaolin however followed a different pattern suggesting, at least partially, a different mode of action of this activator. © 1979.

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Mallodeta Butler and Erruca Walker, revalidated, are redescribed and revised. Mallodeta henceforth includes only its type-species, Glaucopis (Lycorea) clavata Walker, and Erruca is resurrected with seven species: E. deyrolii Walker (type-species), E. consors (Walker), new combination, E. erythrarchos (Walker), new combination, E. cardinalis (Hampson), new combination, E. hanga (Herrich-Schaffer), new combination, E. cruenta (Perty), new combination and E. sanguipuncta (Druce), new combination. Six new synonyms are established, four specific and two generic (junior synonyms in parentheses): Zygaena capistrata Fabricius (=Mallodeta cubana Gaede), Glaucopis (Lycorea) clavata Walker (=M. simplex Rothschild), Erruca deyrolii Walker (=Laemocharis aecyra Herrich-Schaffer and Glaucopis (Hyda) sortita Walker), and Erruca Walker (=Aristodaema Wallengren and Rezia Kirby). Lectotypes are designated to the following species: Erruca deyrolii Walker, Laemocharis deyrollei Herrich-Schaffer, Laemocharis hanga Herrich-Schaffer, Laemocharis aecyra Herrich-Schaffer, Laemocharis norma Herrich-Schaffer, Cosmosoma cardinalis Hampson and Mallodeta sanguipuncta Druce. Illustrations of adults and male and female genitalia of Mallodeta and Erruca are provided, as well as a key to the species of the latter.

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Diurnal Lepidoptera tend to have colorful and conspicuous wing patterns, which is the reason the first classifications of day-flying moths and butterflies were based mainly on wing color and pattern characters. This is the case with the Neotropical Castniidae, which are usually large and colorful day-flying moths. One classification listed 134 species in 32 genera while an alternate classification recognized 81 species. In this paper we examine the taxonomic structure of the genus Hista Oiticica. It is the purpose of this paper to evaluate taxonomically useful characters besides wing pattern with the goal of classifying the taxa of Hista rather than classifying the variation of its wing pattern. In so doing, the results resolve the differences between the two proposed classifications of Hista. In addition, a lectotype is designated for Castnia boisduvalii Walker, 1854 (new synonym of Castnia fabricii Swainson, 1823) to ensure the stability of the name. Other new synonyms are proposed for C. fabricii (C. papagaya Westwood, 1877) and Castnia hegemon Kollar, 1839 (C. menetriesi Boisduval, [1875] and C. hegemon variegata Rothschild, 1919).

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For fixed positive integers r, k and E with 1 <= l < r and an r-uniform hypergraph H, let kappa(H, k, l) denote the number of k-colorings of the set of hyperedges of H for which any two hyperedges in the same color class intersect in at least l elements. Consider the function KC(n, r, k, l) = max(H epsilon Hn) kappa(H, k, l), where the maximum runs over the family H-n of all r-uniform hypergraphs on n vertices. In this paper, we determine the asymptotic behavior of the function KC(n, r, k, l) for every fixed r, k and l and describe the extremal hypergraphs. This variant of a problem of Erdos and Rothschild, who considered edge colorings of graphs without a monochromatic triangle, is related to the Erdos-Ko-Rado Theorem (Erdos et al., 1961 [8]) on intersecting systems of sets. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Abstract Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a skin cancer therapy that still has limitations due to the low penetration of this drug into the skin. We have proposed in this work a delivery system for 5-ALA based on liposomes having lipid composition similar to the mammalian stratum corneum (SCLLs) in order to optimize its skin delivery in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) of skin cancers. Methods SCLLs were obtained by reverse phase evaporation technique and size distribution of the vesicles was determinated by photon correlation spectroscopy. In vitro permeation profile was characterized using hairless mouse skin mounted in modified Franz diffusion cell. Results Size exclusion chromatography on gel filtration confirmed vesicle formation. SCLLs obtained by presented a degree of encapsulation of 5-ALA around 5.7%. A distribution of vesicle size centering at around 500 nm and 400 nm respectively for SCLLs and SCLLs containing 5-ALA was found. In vitro 5-ALA permeation study showed that SCLLs preparations presented higher skin retention significantly (p < 0.05) on the epidermis without SC + dermis, with a decreasing of skin permeation compared to aqueous solution. Conclusions The in vitro delivery performance provided by SCLLs lead to consider this systems adequate for the 5-ALA-PDT of skin cancer, since SCLLs have delivered 5-ALA to the target skin layers (viable epidermis + dermis) to be treated by topical PDT of skin cancer.

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To establish the feasibility and tolerability of gefitinib (ZD1839, Iressa) with radiation (RT) or concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) with cisplatin (CDDP) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

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Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1) plays a role in cellular differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis and tumor invasion. As shown recently, ID1 is positively regulated by the tyrosine kinase SRC in lung carcinoma cell lines and with that appears as a potential new therapeutic target in non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC). To substantiate this hypothesis we examined ID1, SRC and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) immunohistochemically in human NSCLC specimens.

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Designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) hold great promise as a new class of binding molecules to overcome the limitations of antibodies for biomedical applications. Here, we assessed the potential of an epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-specific DARPin (Ec4) for tumor targeting as a fusion toxin with Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A.

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Src tyrosine kinases regulate multiple genetic and signaling pathways involved in the proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, invasion, and migration of various types of cancer cells They are frequently expressed and activated in many cancer types, including lung cancer. Several Src inhibitors, including dasatinib, saracatinib, bosutinib, and KX2-391, are currently being investigated in clinical trials. Preliminary results of the use of single-agent Src inhibitors in unselected patients with lung cancer show that these inhibitors have a favorable safety profile and anticancer activity. Their combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy, other targeted therapy, and radiation therapy is currently being explored. In this review, we summarize the rationale for and the current status of Src inhibitor development and discuss future directions based on emerging preclinical data.