A pessoa com tuberculose e o cuidado de si

Tuberculosis is a serious disease with high incidence and prevalence, and in many countries a priority public health problem, with persisting high epidemiological significance. Seeing the person with tuberculosis it is important to observe his/her self care, as well as the difficulties intertwined in this process, since it can be directly impacting the health/disease process. The aim of this study was to analyze the self care of people with tuberculosis. Descriptive study with qualitative approach, conducted in West Sanitary District of the city of Natal, RN. Data collection occurred through a semi-structured interview guided by questions concerning sociodemographic and about the disease, treatment, and self care, between the months of July to September 2012 and met the ethical precepts of research with human beings. To analyze the results we used the technique of thematic content analysis of Laurence Bardin, through the prism of the theoretical-philosophical self care discussed by Michel Foucault. From the analysis emerged two categories, the first being, Meaning of tuberculosis, with subcategories: tuberculosis as sadness and unhappiness and tuberculosis as a normal issue, and the second, Beware yourself to tuberculosis, which had subcategories: self care as attention to the health care of oneself as satisfaction of basic needs and difficulties to self care. Tuberculosis represents for some people, something really sad, causing psychological suffering, however the other presents as normal. Self care of persons with tuberculosis in this study are related in great part to seek health care and the satisfaction of basic needs. About the difficulties related to the practice of self-care, it is observed that these are tied to food, time for rest, slowness of health services for scheduling appointments and tests, as well as related habits and dependencies in the lives of these people. This study contributed to a reflection of the users with tuberculosis and self care, revealing aspects that healthcare professionals should pay attention to watch these people, being able to see everyday on the run, the need for a space and time for oneself

Vivência do enfermeiro no cuidado humano na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva adulto

The purpose of the study was to understand the nurse s experience with human care in the Adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The objective was to describe the nurse s experience in caring for patients in the ICU and to analyze the nurse s perception of the care provided. The study is a descriptive inquiry of qualitative nature with a phenomenological approach. We interviewed eight nurses, 26 and 43 years of age, that provide care in the ICU of a private hospital in Natal/RN, during the manths of July and August of 2006. We analyzed the data acording to the method of Colaizzi. Four categories emerged from the data: The search for the maintenance of life, The technicalbureaucratic activities, The recognition of the patient s individuality, and the expression of the nurse s feelings.The analysis allowed us to describe the lived experience of the nurse s care the ICU and to comprehend the structural elements of this experience. The results showed that the nurse s experience presents itself as a process of the several actions and feelings that occur while the social relations between the patient and the nurse develop. Finally, we understand that although the study shows an experience based on a biological model of health, these nurses possess an initial idea on how to reach humanized care in its essence, needing, however, of an institutional policy that favors this practice, an educational formation that prepares her to recognize her field of work as a place of continuous learning and an understanding of the health model as an ally in the search of humanized care

Amostragem foliar da bananeira 'Prata-Anã

Para diagnose nutricional da bananeira, é necessário padronizar a amostragem do tecido a ser utilizado, já que a composição mineral varia com a idade da planta, com a folha amostrada, entre as diversas partes da folha, ao que se somam as condições ecológicas, diferenças varietais e flutuações sazonais dos elementos. Portanto, a possibilidade de equívoco na interpretação é considerável. O Método de Amostragem Internacional de Referência (MEIR) para bananeira recomenda coletar a terceira folha de plantas com cachos que apresentem todas as pencas visíveis e não mais que três mãos de flores masculinas abertas, retirando-se a metade interna de uma faixa central do limbo, desprovida da nervura central. Há uma dificuldade em seguir tal recomendação para bananeira 'Prata-Anã' cultivada no norte de Minas Gerais, pois ela possui porte alto e roseta foliar muito densa, que confunde a localização da folha amostrada. Além disso, normalmente, as amostras são retiradas com largura diferente dos 10 cm recomendados. Dadas as dificuldades de amostragem da bananeira 'Prata-Anã' e o fato de besta cultivar sob irrigação ser pouco estudada, comparada àquelas do subgrupo Cavendish, o presente trabalho objetivou determinar o efeito da folha amostrada e da largura da amostra sobre os teores minerais de bananeira 'Prata-Anã' cultivada sob irrigação no norte de Minas Gerais. Apesar das variações estatísticas, os teores foliares mantiveram-se dentro da faixa de suficiência, independentemente da posição da folha amostra da- 2ª, 3ª ou 4ª folha - ou do tamanho da amostra - 10; 20 ou 30 cm de largura. Isto sugere que a coleta de folha na posição acima (segunda) ou abaixo (quarta) da folha recomendada terceira, numa largura foliar de 10 a 30 cm, pouco altera os teores foliares em relação à indicação pelo método MEIR, tolerando-se assim uma possível variação da amostra quanto à posição e à largura foliar testadas.

CAD e engenharia reversa como ferramentas de auxílio na fabricação de cartuchos para próteses ortopédicas

The manufacturing of above and below-knee prosthesis starts by taking surfac measurements of the patient s residual limb. This demands the making of a cartridg with appropriate fitting and customized to the profile of each patient. The traditiona process in public hospitals in Brazil begins with the completion of a record file (according to law nº388, of July 28, 1999 by the ministry of the health) for obtaining o the prosthesis, where it is identified the amputation level, equipment type, fitting type material, measures etc. Nowadays, that work is covered by the Brazilian Nationa Health Service (SUS) and is accomplished in a manual way being used commo measuring tapes characterizing a quite rudimentary, handmade work and without an accuracy.In this dissertation it is presented the development of a computer integrate tool that it include CAD theory, for visualization of both above and below-knee prosthesis in 3D (i.e. OrtoCAD), as well as, the design and the construction a low cos electro-mechanic 3D scanner (EMS). This apparatus is capable to automatically obtain geometric information of the stump or of the healthy leg while ensuring smalle uncertainty degree for all measurements. The methodology is based on reverse engineering concepts so that the EMS output is fed into the above mentioned academi CAD software in charge of the 3D computer graphics reconstruction of the residualimb s negative plaster cast or even the healthy leg s mirror image. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed model is valid, because it allows the structura analysis to be performed based on the requested loads, boundary conditions, material chosen and wall thickness. Furthermore it allows the manufacturing of a prosthesis cartridge meeting high accuracy engineering patterns with consequent improvement in the quality of the overall production process

Teores nutricionais em folhas e frutos de figueira, submetida a épocas de poda e irrigação

The present study aimed to evaluating the nutritional content in leaves and fruits of the fig tree 'Roxo de Valinhos', pruned at different periods corresponding to the months of July, August, September and October in the years of 2004 and 2005, with and without the use of irrigation, in the county of Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. To achieve this objective, the adopted experimental design was in blocks with subdivided plots and 5 replications, in which plots corresponded to treatments with and without irrigation and subplots included prunings done in the above-mentioned four months. The levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Mn and Zn in leaves and fruits were evaluated in the two crop cycles. The results indicated no significant differences among macro and micronutrient levels in the leaves subjected to treatments with and without irrigation in the cycle 2004/05, except for cupper which showed higher level with the treatment including irrigation (6 mg kg(-1)). In the fruits, there was no difference, except for Zn, which also showed the highest levels (28 mg kg(-1)) with irrigation. In the crop cycle 2005/06, there were differences for N (40 g kg(-1)) and K (20 g kg(-1)) in the leaves, where the highest levels were observed with the treatment including irrigation. In the fruits, N had significant difference and its highest level was observed without irrigation (21 g kg(-1)). In relation to the pruning periods, significant differences were observed for Ca, Fe and Zn content in the leaves and Ca, K, Mg, S and Zn content in the fruits in the crop cycle 2004/05. In the cycle 2005/06, there were not differences among the levels of the evaluated nutrients in the leaves, and in the fruits there was difference for N, Ca and Cu.

Coeficiente do tanque Classe A obtido por diferentes métodos em ambiente protegido e no campo

There are several methods for determining the Class-A pan coefficient (Kp) to estimate the reference evapotranspiration (ETo), which is of great importance to water management in agriculture. Most of these methods take into account the wind speed, relative humidity and the fetch area. This study was done in region of Botucatu, SP, in greenhouse and field in the months of July-August (dry) and September-October (rainy), used the methods of Doorenbos e Pruitt (1977), Cuenca (1989), Snyder (1992), Pereira et al. (1995), Allen et al. (1998) and correlation between ETo determined by Penman-Monteith (EToPM) and evaporation of the Class-A pan (ECA). The EToPM was used as standard for the correlations between the ETo determined by the Class-A pan (EToTCA) obtained by different methods of Kp. The Kp in greenhouse ranged between 0.51 and 0.85, and in the field from 0.33 to 0.85. The methods of Allen et al. (1998) and Snyder (1992) are the most recommended for dry months in greenhouse and rainy months the correlation between the ECA and EToPM e Cuenca (1989). In the field condition, the methods of Allen et al. (1998) and of correlation between the ECA and EToPM for dry months, and for rainy months of Allen et al. (1998) and Cuenca (1989). The method of Allen et al. (1998) was the most efficient, regardless of the environment and of months analyzed. The fixed value of Kp should only be used when it is not possible to determine from its more sophisticated methods.

Levantamento florístico das comunidades de macroalgas da bacia do Rio das Pedras, região centro-sul do estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Diagnóstico geoambiental com uso do geoprocessamento visando a determinação de potencialidades de uso do solo para a área estuarina do Rio Curimataú - Canguaretama(RN)

The activities developed in the coastal zone always arise the researchers interest, mainly when it is developed in fragile ecological areas, not observing the sustenable development laws. In this context, the analysis presented developed around the estuary of Curimatau river, located in the Eastern coast of Rio Grande do Norte state, integrates information provided by high resolution images of orbital remote sensing (IKONOS II, dated of July of 2003) and images of not-orbital remote sensing (Air photographs of DPU, dated of March of 1997) in a multitemporary perspective, diagnosising patterns of use and occupation, evaluating the main area´s impacts, together with the estuarian region fisiograph of Curimatau river. The use of high resolution images consequently allowed generates a precision cartography, facilitating the quantification of the evolution of the landscape and supporting decisions. Was possible yet, the definition of use areas, conservation areas and preservation areas; that were inserted in the concept of Potentialities: a fundamental element to management of vulnerable areas of the natural point of view. The information provided during the research had been stored in an Enviromental Georreferenced Data Base, constructed under the optics of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), that they facilitate the environment management Through fast access to information. The results were satisfactory, because permits the quantification of evolution of the landscape and the mapping. Beyond the geoenviromental diagnosis, was possible develop maps and matrixes that support the Rio Grande do Norte state costal Management.

Estudo teórico-bioclimático da potencialidade de desenvolvimento do Aedes aegypti no estado do Rio Grande do Norte

In the current climate of global public health there is the emergence of urban dengue, a disease regarded as acute infectious fever. The disease annually, has affected millions of people worldwide, mostly in the range of the intertropical globe. The disease's main vector in urban areas, the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Recent studies indicate that the distribution of the insect vector of dengue in the geographical area is directly tied to the behavior of environmental restrictions that area, especially among those, the air temperature and relative humidity. From that context, the work aims to estimate and spatializing, monthly, for each municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, the potential of biophysical conditions conducive to the development of Aedes aegypti. Yet, made use of the following methodology: collection of epidemiological data and climatological, Normal climatological, descriptive statistics (measures of central tendency and scatter), uniform distribution, estimation geostatistics and sufer program, version 8.0. The results flagged for a behavior very heterogeneous, both in space and in time, in the case of the potential of biophysical conditions conducive to the development of Aedes aegypti in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Still, he noted that there is a tendency for lifting the potential of development for the entire state, from the month of January, ending in the month of April mainly in central and western portions of the state. By contrast, there is the permanence of increased potential for development in the eastern portion of the state. The latter record maximum potential in the month of July, resulting probability of greater than 70% have been favorable conditions for the development of Aedes aegypti in that area. In the period between the months of August to December, it is small potential for development of Aedes aegypti in all parts of the state

Sub-registro de acidentes do trabalho em localidade do Estado de São Paulo, 1997

OBJETIVO: Estimar o número de acidentes do trabalho ocorridos em determinada localidade e intervalo de tempo e a extensão do sub-registro de casos. MÉTODOS: Amostraram-se 4.782 domicílios residenciais do município de Botucatu, SP, contendo 17.219 moradores, em primeiro de julho de 1997. em cada um dos domicílios, um morador adulto era entrevistado para identificar ocorrência de acidentes do trabalho nos três meses precedentes à entrevista. Nos casos positivos, os acidentados foram entrevistados. Para cálculo do intervalo de confiança utilizou-se a formula de Cochran. RESULTADOS: Confirmaram ter sofrido acidente do trabalho 76 indivíduos, estimando-se em 1.810 o número desses eventos em Botucatu no ano de 1997 e a proporção de incidência em 4,1% (IC95% 3,0%-5,3%). Dos 76 acidentados, 39 não eram cobertos pelo seguro acidente previdenciário (51,3% IC95% 41,1%-61,6%), não se enquadrando na obrigatoriedade de emissão de Comunicação de Acidente do Trabalho (funcionários públicos estatutários, autônomos, assalariados sem registro em carteira, proprietários e outros). Dentre os 37 casos com obrigatoriedade de emissão desse documento, 20 casos não possuíam (54,1% IC39,4%-68,7%). Houve maior proporção de sub-registro de casos em trabalhadores de micro, pequenas e médias empresas, do que entre grandes empresas. Apenas 22,4% (IC13,8%, 30,9%) dos acidentes do trabalho informados nas entrevistas domiciliares foram captados pelos registros previdenciários CONCLUSÕES: Os achados indicam a necessidade de melhoria de utilização de outras fontes de informação, além das Comunicações de Acidentes do Trabalho, para elaboração das estatísticas oficiais sobre acidentes do trabalho.

O governo protetor: a representação do poder político em cerimoniais régios portugueses (séc. XVIII-XIX)

Ao inventariarmos as grandes celebrações da monarquia portuguesa, encontraremos algumas que são cerimoniais eminentemente religiosos. Dentre eles, há a procissão do Anjo da Guarda do Reino de Portugal (no terceiro domingo de julho), instituída no século XVI como celebração da realeza, das quais toda a Corte participava e eram realizadas por todo o reino português. Também as aclamações de Da. Maria I (1777) e D. João VI (1818) utilizam elementos de caráter religioso (símbolos e idéias). Estas celebrações colocam-nos a hipótese de uma série de articulações entre os procedimentos religiosos e o poder real. em função do exame daquelas procissões e destes cerimoniais, procuramos esboçar uma imagem do rei português: um rei-protetor, detentor de um poder de salvação.

Biologia populacional de Pareiorhina rudolphi (Loricariidae, Hypostominae) na microbacia do Ribeirão Grande, serra da Mantiqueira oriental, Estado de São Paulo

Pareiorhina rudolphi was sampled in streams of the Ribeirao Grande system, eastern Serra da Mantiqueira (22[degree]47[minute]08[second]S, 45[degree]28[minute]17[second] W). Samplings were carried out using an electrofishing device, during the months of July/2001, October/2001, February/2002 and April/2002. Sex-ratio diverged significantly from the expected 1: 1 ratio([chi]2 = 6.53; p < 0.05), standing at 1.6:1 (female: male). The spawning period for Pareiorhina rudolphi lasts from spring to summer, with, the highest observed, in October and February by the gonadosomantic index and the relative condition factor coincided with the spawning period. The length at sexual maturity of P. rudolphi is about 4.45 cm for both sexes. The absolute fecundity was low, and ranged from 4 to 11 oocytes. The periphyton was used as a direct food source by the species, which remain attached to the substrate with their large circular lips, and use their conspicuous Slightly Yellowish teeth to graze the periphyton. The growth parameters, natural mortality rate and survival rate for P, rudolphi were respectively: K = 0.35 year-1, L[infinity] = 7.2 cm, tmax = 8.6 years, M = 1.1 year-1, S = 33%. The characteristics presented by P. rudolphi occur in the environment function of a population adjustment, and not of species abundance.

Efeito da época de colheita e da calagem no rendimento de sementes comercializáveis de amendoim cv. Botutatu

A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of liming and time of harvesting on peanut cv. Botutatu (Arachis hypogaea L.) seed yield and yield components in the period of July, 1991 to February, 1992, in São Manuel, State of São Paulo. The soil was a Dark Red Latosol (Hapludult, sandy loam), and the experimental design was a subplot replicated four times in completely randomized blocks. Lime levels (0.0 and 1.75 t/ha) were applied in the plots, and the subplots were nine weekly harvests, starting at 87 days after planting (DAP). There was no effect of lime on hulls or seed yield and on peanut yield components. The germination of seeds in hulls was incresead at each harvest and was lower at lime presence. The highest yield was observed at 129 DAP.

Global citizens or faraway viewers? São Paulo residents talk about the 2006 Lebanon conflict

As the emergence of a global public sphere becomes a possibility, growing out of denser economic, political and communicative networks as well as demanded by increasingly complex international problems, questions arise about the capacity and willingness of various national publics to engage in the global debate. This paper shows the results of a news reception analysis with the public of the city of São Paulo, Brazil during the months of July-November 2006, when the Lebanon conflict was broadly covered by the Brazilian media. The paper identifies the modes of engagement with the news about the international conflict, the types of reasoning used by these publics in interpreting the news, and the types of debates and conversations they have or don't have about the conflict. Special attention is given to the personal experience of learning about conflicts abroad and to the relationship between this experience and the construction of a new civic identity where participation in global affairs is an important element. The research shows that São Paulo residents are informed and care about international events, but to a large extent lack the resources and the spaces where they could reflect upon them. It also shows that young people tend to experience global events more intensely as part of their world than the general population. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

El Salvador: impacto socioeconómico, ambiental y de riesgo por la baja presión asociada a la tormenta tropical Ida en noviembre de 2009

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