Targeting burn prevention in the pediatric population : a prospective study of children's burns in the Lausanne area

Rapport de synthèse : But de l'étude : Les accidents domestiques représentent un problème significatif en médecine pédiatrique. Le but de cette étude est de mieux comprendre les mécanismes et causes des brûlures afin de pouvoir cibler la prévention. Méthode : Il s'agit d'une étude prospective d'une durée d'une année, d'Août 2004 à Août 2005. Les patients ayant consulté pour des brûlures à l'Hôpital de l'Enfance de Lausanne (HEL) ou au CHUV ont été répertoriés. Le mécanisme et les circonstances des brûlures ont été analysées, de même que l'environnement et les données psycho-sociales. Résultats : huitante-neuf patients ont été inclus dans l'étude, âgés de 2 mois à 15 ans. Septante-huit pour cent des patients avaient moins de 5 ans. Plus de la moitié étaient des garçons. Les brûlures par échaudement prédominaient. Nous n'avons pas pu mettre en évidence d'incidence augmentée de brûlures chez des patients de familles immigrées ou de niveau social bas. Dans la majorité des cas, un adulte était présent au moment de l'accident. Conclusion : Si l'on devait établir un profil type de l'enfant à risque de se brûler dans notre région, il s'agirait d'un garçon âgé de 15 mois-5ans, se brûlant en se versant une tasse de liquide chaud sur la main, à son domicile, en présence de l'un ou de ses deux parents. Le message de prévention devrait donc s'adresser directement aux parents, toutes nationalités et niveau social confondus afin de leur expliquer les dangers de brûlures présents au quotidien à leur domicile. A chaque contrôle, les pédiatres devraient parler des accidents domestiques aux parents. En insistant sur les dangers que représentent les tasses de café, la porte du four et la plaque de la cuisinière, qui sont des éléments du quotidien et qui méritent une attention à chaque utilisation. Les brûlures chez le petit enfant pourraient ainsi être fortement réduites.

Promotion of learning skills in the study of economics. pilot project in the subject area of

This communication is part of a larger teaching innovation project financed by the University ofBarcelona, whose objective is to develop and evaluate transversal competences of the UB, learningability and responsibility. The competence is divided into several sub-competencies being the ability toanalyze and synthesis the most intensely worked in the first year. The work presented here part fromthe results obtained in phase 1 and 2 previously implemented in other subjects (Mathematics andHistory) in the first year of the degree of Business Administration Degree. In these subjects’ previousexperiences there were deficiencies in the acquisition of learning skills by the students. The work inthe subject of Mathematics facilitated that students become aware of the deficit. The work on thesubject of History insisted on developing readings schemes and with the practical exercises wassought to go deeply in the development of this competence.The third phase presented here is developed in the framework of the second year degree, in the WorldEconomy subject. The objective of this phase is the development and evaluation of the same crosscompetence of the previous phases, from a practice that includes both, quantitative analysis andcritical reflection. Specifically the practice focuses on the study of the dynamic relationship betweeneconomic growth and the dynamics in the distribution of wealth. The activity design as well as theselection of materials to make it, has been directed to address gaps in the ability to analyze andsynthesize detected in the subjects of the first year in the previous phases of the project.The realization of the practical case is considered adequate methodology to improve the acquisition ofcompetence of the students, then it is also proposed how to evaluate the acquisition of suchcompetence. The practice is evaluated based on a rubric developed in the framework of the projectobjectives. Thus at the end of phase 3 we can analyze the process that have followed the students,detect where they have had major difficulties and identify those aspects of teaching that can help toimprove the acquisition of skills by the students. The interest of this phase resides in the possibility tovalue whether tracing of learning through competences, organized in a collaborative way, is a goodtool to develop the acquisition of these skills and facilitate their evaluation.

Soil oribatid mite in four typical vegetation communities of Misiones forest in the Iguazú area, Argentina

The objective of this work was to assess the soil oribatid mite communities in four sites of the Upper Paraná Bosque Atlántico, in the Iguazú National Park, Argentina and in surrounding areas: bamboo forest, palm forest and two mixed forests. A comparison between each pair of sites, based on the presence-absence of oribatid species, was performed using Jaccard's index. This is the first systematic sampling of oribatid mites in this area. A total of 56 genera and 96 oribatid species were found, 25 and 49 of them, respectively, are new citation for Argentina. The highest similarity was found between mixed forests. Almost 68% and 34% of the genera were cited for similar biotopes in Brazil and Paraguay, respectively.

Adaptation of anthurium cultivars as cut flowers in a subtropical area

The objective of this work was to evaluate the adaptation of anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum) cultivars as cut flowers in a subtropical area, located in north of Paraná State, Brazil. The Apalai, Ianomami, Kinã, nK 102, Parakanã, Rubi, and Terena cultivars were cultivated in a nursery under 80% shade. The number of leaves and inflorescences, floral stem length, length and width of inflorescences, and spadix length were evaluated. The experimental design was in completely randomized blocks, with six replicates and five plants per plot. During the 18 months evaluated, 'Parakanã' produced 11 inflorescences per plant, whereas the other cultivars produced seven to nine inflorescences per plant. The number of leaves produced per plant was: 'Ianomami', 25; 'Parakanã', 20; 'Apalai' and 'Terena', 15; 'Kinã' and 'Rubi', 11; and 'nK 102', 9. The Apalai, nK 102, Parakanã, and Rubi cultivars are the most recommended as cut flowers; the Ianomami cultivar is not recommended as a cut flower in this region.

Palaeozoic deformation and magmatism in the northern area of the Anatolide block (Konya), witness of the Palaeotethys active margin

The study area. located north of Konva (Central Turkey), is composed of Silurian to Cretaceous metamorphosed rocks. The lower unit of the oldest formation (Silurian-Early Permian) is mostly made up of Silurian-Early Carboniferous metacarbonates. These rocks pass laterally and vertically to Devonian-Early Permian series having continental margin, shallow water and pelagic characteristics. They are intruded or juxtaposed to different kinds of metamagmatic rocks. which show MORB. continental arc and within plate characteristics. The Palaeozoic units are covered unconformably by Triassic-Cretaceous metasedimentary units. All these rocks are overthrusted by Mesozoic ophiolites. The Palaeozoic sequence can be seen as a northern Palaeotethys passive, then active margin. The northward subduction of the Palaeotethys ocean during the Carboniferous-Triassic times, induced the development of a magmatic arc and fore-arc sequence (Carboniferous-Permian). Before the Early Triassic (?Late Permian) time. the fore-arc sequence was uplifted above sea level and eroded. The Triassic sequences are regarded as marking the onset of back-arc opening and detachment of the Anatolian Konya block from the active Eurasian margin. Finally. a suture zone formed during the Carman between the Konya region and the Menderes-Tauride Cimmerian block due to the closing of Palaeotethvs. This geodynamic evolution can be correlated with the evolution of the Karaburun sequence in western Turkey.

Good outcomes of Lyme arthritis in 24 patients in an endemic area of Switzerland

RESUME : But : Décrire l'évolution après traitement de l'arthrite de Lyme dans une zone d'endémie de l'Ouest de la Suisse, région où certains parmi les premiers cas d'arthrite de Lyme en dehors des Etats-Unis (USA) ont été rapportés. Patients et méthodes : Une évaluation rétrospective a été faite à partir d'un groupe de 24 patients (15 H, 9 F; âge moyen :38,7 ans) qui ont présenté une arthrite monoarticulaire (20 cas) ou oligoarticulaire (4 cas) causée par une infection à Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb). Ces patients ont été recrutés par l'intermédiaire de rhumatologues entre 1994 et 1999. Le genou était touché dans 85 % des cas. Une histoire de piqûre de tique était décrite dans 9 cas et un érythème chronique migrant dans 4 cas. Tous les patients avaient un titre d'anticorps pour Bb élevé, dosé par ELISA.Dans 20 cas, un immunoblot était positif pour Bb, la majorité étant positif pour les 3 sous-types de Bb présents en Suisse ; un seul cas était positif pour Bb sensu stricto. Neuf liquides synoviaux ont été examinés par PCR afin de détecter la présence de BbDNA (6 cas positifs). Résultats : Tous les patients ont reçu des antibiotiques soit oralement (10 cas), soit par voie parentérale (14 cas). Une deuxième cure d'antibiotiques a été administrée à 4 patients en raison de persistance de l'arthrite. On a observé une évolution rapidement favorable chez 13 patients et dans 9 cas, il a fallu, pour obtenir la guérison, réaliser une injection intraarticulaire de glucocorticoïdes ou une synoviorthèse. Après une période d'observation de 40 mois en moyenne (de 6 à 84 mois), aucun patient n'a présenté de signe d'arthrite chronique, mais 2 patients se plaignaient encore de myalgies ou d'arthralgies. Conclusion : Nous n'avons pas trouvé dans notre étude d'arthrite récidivante ou chronique après traitement comme on l'a décrit aux USA. Ceci est peut-être lié au fait que les types de Bb observés en Europe sont différents des USA où on trouve seulement Bb sensu stricto. ABSTRACT: Objective: To describe outcomes of treated Lyme arthritis in an endemic area of western Switzerland, where some of the first cases of Lyme disease outside the United States were reported. Patients and methods: We retrospectively studied 24 patients (15 males and nine females, mean age 38.7 years) managed by rheumatologists between 1994 and 1999 for Borrelia burgdotferi arthritis manifesting as monoarthritis (a = 20), oligoarthritis (a = 3), or polyarthritis (a = 1). The knee was affected in 20 (85%) patients. Nine patients reported a history of tick bite and four of erythema chronicum migrans. All the patients but one had a high titer of antibodies to B. burgdoiferi by ELISA and all but two had a positive immunoblot test (22 positive for all three types of B. burgdorferi found in Switzerland and one positive only for B. burgdoiferi sensu stricto). Joint fluid PCR for B. burgdorferi was done in nine patients and was positive in six. Results: All 24 patients received antibiotic therapy, orally (a= 10) or parenterally (n= 14). A second course of antibiotic therapy was used in four patients with persistent arthritis. A rapid response was noted in 13 patients. IntraarticUlar glucocorticoid therapy or a synoviorthesis was required in nine patients. After a mean follow-up of 40 months (range, 6-84 months), none of the patients had chronic arthritis but two reported persistent muscle or joint pain. Conclusion: Recurrent or chronic arthritis, which has been reported in treated patients in the United States, did not occur in our series. This may be ascribable to differences in B. burgdolferi subtypes, as in the United States only B. burgdoiferi sensu stricto is found.

Convergence withEU environmental legislation in Russia and Kyoto Protocol effects on certain power plants in Russia

Venäjällä uudistetaan sähkömarkkinoita. Uudistamisella pyritään vapauttamaan sähkömarkkinat ja lisäämään kilpailua energiasektorilla. Sähkömarkkinoiden vapauttamisen tarkoitus on energiasektorin hyötysuhteen nostaminen ja investointien houkutteleminen sektorille. Venäjä on ratifioinut Kioton protokollan, mikä energiasektorin kannalta on tärkeää, koska protokollan yhteistoteutusmekanismin kautta saadaan houkuteltua investointeja sektorille. Venäjän sähkömarkkinoiden vapauttamisen pitkäaikainen tähtäin on Venäjän ja Euroopan sähkömarkkinoiden integroituminen, joka tarkoittaa myös ympäristölainsäädännönyhtenäistämistä. Tämä tutkimus on osa Fortum Oyj:n tarjoamaa teknistä katselmusta Venäjällä toimivalle sähköyhtiölle, TGC-9:lle. Tässä työssä keskitytään TGC-9:n omistamien energiatuotantolaitoksien happamoitumista aiheuttaviin ilmapäästöihin ja pölypäästöihin. Tutkimuksessa pyritään myös löytämään Kioton protokollan yhteistoteutusmekanismi hyödyntämiskohteita. NOx -päästöt tulevat olemaan suurin haaste TGC-9:lle, jos ympäristöstandardit yhdenmukaistetaan. Yhteistoteutusmekanismin hyödyntämiskohteita löydettiin neljä: koksaamokaasun hyödyntäminen, maakaasun korvaaminen kuoren poltolla ja kaksi tapausta liittyen laitoksien hyötysuhteen nostamiseen.

The electricity distribution network in Saint-Petersburg area and benchmark between Saint-Petersburg and City of Stockholm related distribution companies' performance

The main objective of the Thesis is the description of the electricity distribution networks in Saint-Petersburg area and Stockholm as well. Main similarity and differences in the construction and technicalperformance are presented in the study. Present and future development and investment into the electricity distribution network of OJSC Lenenergo are viewed. The Thesis presents the overview of the power industry reform in Russia. The current state of the electricity distribution sector is described. The study views the participation of the foreign investor "Fortum Power and Heat Oy" inthe development and management of the OJSC Lenenergo. Benchmark comparison of the prices and tangible assets of the main electricity distribution companies in Saint-Petersburg and Stockholm areas is done.

Job accessibility, employment and job-education mismatch in the metropolitan area of Barcelona

This paper analyses the effect of job accessibility by public and private transport on labour market outcomes in the metropolitan area of Barcelona. Beyond employment, we consider the effect of job accessibility on job-education mismatch, which represents a relevant aspect of job quality. We adopt a recursive system of equations that models car availability, employment and mismatch. Public transport accessibility appears as an exogenous variable in the three equations. Even though it may reflect endogenous residential sorting, falsification proofs suggest that the estimated effect of public transport accessibility is not entirely driven by the endogenous nature of residential decisions.

Potential impact of environmental bacteriophages in spreading antibiotic resistance genes

The idea that bacteriophage transduction plays a role in the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes is gaining momentum. Such transduction might be vital in horizontal transfer from environmental to human bodyassociated biomes and here we review many lines of evidence supporting this notion. It is well accepted that bacteriophages are the most abundant entities in most environments, where they have been shown to be quite persistent. This fact, together with the ability of many phages to infect bacteria belonging to different taxa, makes them suitable vehicles for gene transfer. Metagenomic studies confirm that substantial percentages of the bacteriophage particles present in most environments contain bacterial genes, including mobile genetic elements and antibiotic resistance genes. When specific genes of resistance to antibiotics are detected by real-time PCR in the bacteriophage populations of different environments, only tenfold lower numbers of these genes are observed, compared with those found in the corresponding bacterial populations. In addition, the antibiotic resistance genes from these bacteriophages are functional and generate resistance to the bacteria when these genes are transfected. Finally, reports about the transduction of antibiotic resistance genes are on the increase.

Potential impact of environmental bacteriophages in spreading antibiotic resistance genes

The idea that bacteriophage transduction plays a role in the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes is gaining momentum. Such transduction might be vital in horizontal transfer from environmental to human body-associated biomes and here we review many lines of evidence supporting this notion. It is well accepted that bacteriophages are the most abundant entities in most environments, where they have been shown to be quite persistent. This fact, together with the ability of many phages to infect bacteria belonging to different taxa, makes them suitable vehicles for gene transfer. Metagenomic studies confirm that substantial percentages of the bacteriophage particles present in most environments contain bacterial genes, including mobile genetic elements and antibiotic resistance genes. When specific genes of resistance to antibiotics are detected by real-time PCR in the bacteriophage populations of different environments, only tenfold lower numbers of these genes are observed, compared with those found in the corresponding bacterial populations. In addition, the antibiotic resistance genes from these bacteriophages are functional and generate resistance to the bacteria when these genes are transfected. Finally, reports about the transduction of antibiotic resistance genes are on the increase.

Morph-specific genetic and environmental variation in innate and acquired immune response in a color polymorphic raptor.

Genetic color polymorphism is widespread in nature. There is an increasing interest in understanding the adaptive value of heritable color variation and trade-off resolution by differently colored individuals. Melanin-based pigmentation is often associated with variation in many different life history traits. These associations have recently been suggested to be the outcome of pleiotropic effects of the melanocortin system. Although pharmacological research supports that MC1R, a gene with a major role in vertebrate pigmentation, has important immunomodulatory effects, evidence regarding pleiotropy at MC1R in natural populations is still under debate. We experimentally assessed whether MC1R-based pigmentation covaries with both inflammatory and humoral immune responses in the color polymorphic Eleonora's falcon. By means of a cross-fostering experiment, we disentangled potential genetic effects from environmental effects on the covariation between coloration and immunity. Variation in both immune responses was primarily due to genetic factors via the nestlings' MC1R-related color genotype/phenotype, although environmental effects via the color morph of the foster father also had an influence. Overall, dark nestlings had lower immune responses than pale ones. The effect of the color morph of the foster father was also high, but in the opposite direction, and nestlings raised by dark eumelanic foster fathers had higher immune responses than those raised by pale foster fathers. Although we cannot completely discard alternative explanations, our results suggest that MC1R might influence immunity in this species. Morph-specific variation in immunity as well as pathogen pressure may therefore contribute to the long-term maintenance of genetic color polymorphism in natural populations.