Guidance for laboratories performing molecular pathology for cancer patients

Molecular testing is becoming an important part of the diagnosis of any patient with cancer. The challenge to laboratories is to meet this need, using reliable methods and processes to ensure that patients receive a timely and accurate report on which their treatment will be based. The aim of this paper is to provide minimum requirements for the management of molecular pathology laboratories. This general guidance should be augmented by the specific guidance available for different tumour types and tests. Preanalytical considerations are important, and careful consideration of the way in which specimens are obtained and reach the laboratory is necessary. Sample receipt and handling follow standard operating procedures, but some alterations may be necessary if molecular testing is to be performed, for instance to control tissue fixation. DNA and RNA extraction can be standardised and should be checked for quality and quantity of output on a regular basis. The choice of analytical method(s) depends on clinical requirements, desired turnaround time, and expertise available. Internal quality control, regular internal audit of the whole testing process, laboratory accreditation, and continual participation in external quality assessment schemes are prerequisites for delivery of a reliable service. A molecular pathology report should accurately convey the information the clinician needs to treat the patient with sufficient information to allow for correct interpretation of the result. Molecular pathology is developing rapidly, and further detailed evidence-based recommendations are required for many of the topics covered here.

Single-photon single ionization of W+ ions: experiment and theory

Experimental and theoretical results are reported for photoionization of Ta-like (W+) tungsten ions. Absolute cross sections were measured in the energy range 16–245 eV employing the photon–ion merged-beam setup at the advanced light source in Berkeley. Detailed photon-energy scans at 100 meV bandwidth were performed in the 16–108 eV range. In addition, the cross section was scanned at 50 meV resolution in regions where fine resonance structures could be observed. Theoretical results were obtained from a Dirac–Coulomb R-matrix approach. Photoionization cross section calculations were performed for singly ionized atomic tungsten ions in their 5s²5p⁶5d⁴(⁵D)6s ⁶Dj.  J = 1/2, ground level and the associated excited metastable levels with J = 3/2, 5/2, 7/2 and 9/2. Since the ion beams used in the experiments must be expected to contain long-lived excited states also from excited configurations, additional cross-section calculations were performed for the second-lowest term, 5d⁵⁶Sj, J = 5/2, and for the 4F term, 5d³6s^{2 4}Fj, with J = 3/2, 5/2, 7/2 and 9/2. Given the complexity of the electronic structure of W+ the calculations reproduce the main features of the experimental cross section quite well.

Discours d'enseignants de sciences et technologies et de mathématiques du secondaire sur leur compréhension et leurs pratiques de l'interdisciplinarité

Le développement de curriculums moins cloisonnés a fait l'objet des récentes réformes scolaires de plusieurs systèmes éducatifs à travers le monde. Au Québec plus particulièrement, l'interdisciplinarité constitue l'une des principales orientations du Programme de formation de l'école québécoise (Gouvernement du Québec, 2001, 2004, 2007). Si au Québec la question de l'interdisciplinarité abordée sous l'angle des représentations des enseignants a fait l'objet de nombreuses explorations au primaire (Larose, Hasni et Lebrun, 2008; Larose et Lenoir, 1995; Lenoir, Geoffroy et Hasni, 2001; Lenoir, Larose, Grenon et Hasni, 2000; Lenoir, Larose et Laforest, 2001), elle a été très peu explorée au secondaire, plus particulièrement dans le domaine des sciences, technologies et mathématiques. Ce mémoire répond à la question : Quelle compréhension de l'interdisciplinarité se dégage du discours d'enseignants de STM du secondaire et à quelles pratiques de l'interdisciplinarité disent-ils recourir?Le cadre conceptuel a été construit autour du concept de l'interdisciplinarité scolaire (Lenoir et Sauvé, 1998), qu'il a été possible de discuter autour de quatre dimensions permettant de mieux en décrire les pratiques ciblant les dimensions conceptuelle, des finalités, opérationnelle et organisationnelle (Hasni, Lenoir, Larose, Samson, Bousadra et Satiro dos Santos, 2008). Nous avons recouru à une analyse de contenu (Bardin, 2007) afin de dégager le discours des enseignants à l'égard de celles-ci.

Flexibel mit „make or buy"

Im Artikel geht es um die Frage, ob es sich für Unternehmen lohnt, Materialen selbst herzustellen oder einzukaufen.

Short-term scheduling considering five-minute and hour-ahead energy resource management

The introduction of new distributed energy resources, based on natural intermittent power sources, in power systems imposes the development of new adequate operation management and control methods. This paper proposes a short-term Energy Resource Management (ERM) methodology performed in two phases. The first one addresses the hour-ahead ERM scheduling and the second one deals with the five-minute ahead ERM scheduling. Both phases consider the day-ahead resource scheduling solution. The ERM scheduling is formulated as an optimization problem that aims to minimize the operation costs from the point of view of a virtual power player that manages the network and the existing resources. The optimization problem is solved by a deterministic mixed-integer non-linear programming approach and by a heuristic approach based on genetic algorithms. A case study considering a distribution network with 33 bus, 66 distributed generation, 32 loads with demand response contracts and 7 storage units has been implemented in a PSCADbased simulator developed in the field of the presented work, in order to validate the proposed short-term ERM methodology considering the dynamic power system behavior.

Ordenamento do território na cidade de Lisboa: o caso da Alta de Lisboa

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização de Edificações

Estimação de cobertura rádio em comunicações ferroviárias

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Electrónica e Telecomunicações

Prevalence and clinical importance of mesenteric venous thrombosis in the swiss inflammatory bowel disease cohort.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) in the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study and to correlate MVT with clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Abdominal portal phase CT was used to examine patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Two experienced abdominal radiologists retrospectively analyzed the images, focusing on the superior and inferior mesenteric vein branches and looking for signs of acute or chronic thrombosis. The location of abnormalities was registered. The presence of MVT was correlated with IBD-related radiologic signs and complications. RESULTS. The cases of 160 patients with IBD (89 women, 71 men; Crohn disease [CD], 121 patients; ulcerative colitis [UC], 39 patients; median age at diagnosis, 27 years for patients with CD, 32 years for patients with UC) were analyzed. MVT was detected in 43 patients with IBD (26.8%). One of these patients had acute MVT; 38, chronic MVT; and four, both. The prevalence of MVT did not differ between CD (35/121 [28.9%]) and UC (8/39 [20.5%]) (p = 0.303). The location of thrombosis was different between CD and UC (CD, jejunal or ileal veins only [p = 0.005]; UC, rectocolic veins only [p = 0.001]). Almost all (41/43) cases of thrombosis were peripheral. MVT in CD patients was more frequently associated with bowel wall thickening (p = 0.013), mesenteric fat hypertrophy (p = 0.005), ascites (p = 0.002), and mesenteric lymph node enlargement (p = 0.036) and was associated with higher rate of bowel stenosis (p < 0.001) and more intestinal IBD-related surgery (p = 0.016) in the outcome. Statistical analyses for patients with UC were not relevant because of the limited population (n = 8). CONCLUSION. MVT is frequently found in patients with IBD. Among patients with CD, MVT is associated with bowel stenosis and CD-related intestinal surgery.

Five-day plan for smoking cessation using group behaviour therapy.

The "Five-Day Plan to Stop Smoking" (FDP) is an educational group technique for smoking cessation. We studied a cohort of 123 smokers (55 men, 68 women, mean age 42 years) who participated in 11 successive FDP sessions held in Switzerland between 1995 and 1998 and who were followed up for at least 12 months by telephone or direct interview. Overall, 102 of the 123 subjects (83%) had stopped smoking by the end of the FDP, and self-declared smoking cessation rate was 25% after one year. The following factors potentially associated with outcome were studied: age, sex, smoking habit duration, cigarettes per day, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), group size, and medical presence among the group leaders. Smoking habit duration was the only variable which showed a statistically significant association with success: the rate of smoking cessation was higher among patients who had smoked for less than 20 years (34.7% vs. 18.9%, p = 0.049). Stress was the most common cause of relapse. The FDP appears to be an effective smoking cessation therapy. Propositions are made in order to improve the success rate of future sessions.

Toward interoperable bioscience data.

To make full use of research data, the bioscience community needs to adopt technologies and reward mechanisms that support interoperability and promote the growth of an open 'data commoning' culture. Here we describe the prerequisites for data commoning and present an established and growing ecosystem of solutions using the shared 'Investigation-Study-Assay' framework to support that vision.

Interleukin-33 safeguards neutrophils in sepsis.

Cytokines have a fundamental role in orchestrating innate immune responses to bacterial infections. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is now shown to protect from sepsis by promoting neutrophil influx into the focus of infection

Distribución y abundancia relativa de cetáceos en el mar peruana durante el crucero de evaluación del stock de Merluza, BIC Humboldt 9705-06

Durante el Crucero de Evaluación del Stock de Merluza BIC Humboldt 9705-06 realizado entre el 15 de mayo y el 8 de junio de 1997, se obtuvo un total de 54 avistamientos de cetáceos entre odontocetos (delfines) y misticetos (ballenas) en un recorrido de 842,6 mn. El área abarcada por este estudio se situó entre las latitudes 3°39 'S y 12°03 'S, correspondientes a los puertos costeros de Puerto Pizarro y Callao. Se identificaron tres especies de delfines: el bufeo Tursiops truncatus, el delfín común Delphinus sp. y el delfín común de hocico largo Delphinus capensis; siendo el bufeo la especie que presentó una mayor frecuencia de observación. Entre los balaenoptéridos se identificó a Balaenoptera sp. El rango de temperaturas superficiales del mar para el total de avistamientos estuvo comprendido entre 20,1 °C y 25,9 °C y se registraron a profundidades que variaron entre los 60 y 1550 m. Se concluye que las condiciones térmicas anormales causadas por el fenómeno El Niño han producido una ligera variación en la distribución de algunas especies de cetáceos menores en zonas abarcadas en el presente crucero. Para el caso de las grandes ballenas los avistamientos concuerdan con la ruta migratoria de la estación.