Iowa 2015-2016 Bicycle Map, 2015

Iowa has more than 1,800 miles of beautiful trails available for a variety of uses, including bicycling, hiking/running, skating, equestrian use, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling, and photography/nature study. This map lists and highlights 60 trails of 5 miles length or great. It also indicates where shorter trails exist. This record contains PDFs of the full front and back of the map. Inset maps of 16 major cities and their trail systems are included in this record.

Endogenous depth of reasoning

We introduce a model of strategic thinking in games of initial response. Unlike standard level-k models, in this framework the player's `depth of reasoning' is endogenously determined, andit can be disentangled from his beliefs over his opponent's cognitive bound. In our approach,individuals act as if they follow a cost-benefit analysis. The depth of reasoning is a function ofthe player's cognitive abilities and his payoffs. The costs are exogenous and represent the gametheoretical sophistication of the player; the benefit instead is related to the game payoffs. Behavioris in turn determined by the individual's depth of reasoning and his beliefs about the reasoningprocess of the opponent. Thus, in our framework, payoffs not only affect individual choices inthe traditional sense, but they also shape the cognitive process itself. Our model delivers testableimplications on players' chosen actions as incentives and opponents change. We then test themodel's predictions with an experiment. We administer different treatments that vary beliefs overpayoffs and opponents, as well as beliefs over opponents' beliefs. The results of this experiment,which are not accounted for by current models of reasoning in games, strongly support our theory.Our approach therefore serves as a novel, unifying framework of strategic thinking that allows forpredictions across games.

Tissue-based immune monitoring I: tumor core needle biopsies allow in-depth interrogation of the tumor microenvironment.

We sought to assess the feasibility and reproducibility of performing tissue-based immune characterization of the tumor microenvironment using CT-compatible needle biopsy material. Three independent biopsies were obtained intraoperatively from one metastatic epithelial ovarian cancer lesion of 7 consecutive patients undergoing surgical cytoreduction using a 16-gauge core biopsy needle. Core specimens were snap-frozen and subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) against human CD3, CD4, CD8, and FoxP3. A portion of the cores was used to isolate RNA for 1) real-time quantitative (q)PCR for CD3, CD4, CD8, FoxP3, IL-10 and TGF-beta, 2) multiplexed PCR-based T cell receptor (TCR) CDR3 Vβ region spectratyping, and 3) gene expression profiling. Pearson's correlations were examined for immunohistochemistry and PCR gene expression, as well as for gene expression array data obtained from different tumor biopsies. Needle biopsy yielded sufficient tissue for all assays in all patients. IHC was highly reproducible and informative. Significant correlations were seen between the frequency of CD3+, CD8+ and FoxP3+ T cells by IHC with CD3ε, CD8A, and FoxP3 gene expression, respectively, by qPCR (r=0.61, 0.86, and 0.89; all p< 0.05). CDR3 spectratyping was feasible and highly reproducible in each tumor, and indicated a restricted repertoire for specific TCR Vβ chains in tumor-infiltrating T cells. Microarray gene expression revealed strong correlation between different biopsies collected from the same tumor. Our results demonstrate a feasible and reproducible method of immune monitoring using CT-compatible needle biopsies from tumor tissue, thereby paving the way for sophisticated translational studies during tumor biological therapy.

Raman analysis of multilayer automotive paints in forensic science: measurement variability and depth profile?

The aim of this work is to study the influence of several analytical parameters on the variability of Raman spectra of paint samples. In the present study, microtome thin section and direct (no preparation) analysis are considered as sample preparation. In order to evaluate their influence on the measures, an experimental design such as 'fractional full factorial' with seven factors (including the sampling process) is applied, for a total of 32 experiments representing 160 measures. Once the influence of sample preparation highlighted, a depth profile of a paint sample is carried out by changing the focusing plane in order to measure the colored layer under a clearcoat. This is undertaken in order to avoid sample preparation such a microtome sectioning. Finally, chemometric treatments such as principal component analysis are applied to the resulting spectra. The findings of this study indicate the importance of sample preparation, or more specifically, the surface roughness, on the variability of the measurements on a same sample. Moreover, the depth profile experiment highlights the influence of the refractive index of the upper layer (clearcoat) when measuring through a transparent layer.

Generating a raster map presentation of a forest resource by solving a transportation problem

Abstract

Perception of acceleration in motion-in-depth with only monocular and both monocular and binocular information

Observers are often required to adjust actions with objects that change their speed. However, no evidence for a direct sense of acceleration has been found so far. Instead, observers seem to detect changes in velocity within a temporal window when confronted with motion in the frontal plane (2D motion). Furthermore, recent studies suggest that motion-in-depth is detected by tracking changes of position in depth. Therefore, in order to sense acceleration in depth a kind of second-order computation would have to be carried out by the visual system. In two experiments, we show that observers misperceive acceleration of head-on approaches at least within the ranges we used [600-800 ms] resulting in an overestimation of arrival time. Regardless of the viewing condition (only monocular or monocular and binocular), the response pattern conformed to a constant velocity strategy. However, when binocular information was available, overestimation was highly reduced.

Asia... lijknat widh een flygande Häst, hwilken Poëterne kalla Pegasum - [Kartta - kartan - the map]

Stockholm 1595, Andreas Gutterwitz

Matkapuhelinverkon MAP-protokollatoteutus älyverkkopalveluiden ohjauspisteeseen

Työssä esitellään yleiseurooppalaisen GSM-matkapuhelinjärjestelmän verkkoelementtejä ja perehdytään niiden väliseen standardoituun merkinantoprotokollaan. Lisäksi tarkastellaan protokollan lyhytsanomien välitykseen liittyviä operaatioita ja niissä tapahtunutta kehitystä standardoinnin eri vaiheissa. Tavoitteena oli toteuttaa GSM-matkapuhelinverkon merkinantoprotokollaan perustuva ohjelma, jonka tehtävänä on välittää lyhytsanomia matkapuhelin- ja lyhytsanomakeskuksen välillä. Matkapuhelimeen päättyvän lyhytsanoman välitykseen liittyy lisäksi reititystiedon hakeminen vastaanottajan kotirekisteristä. Toteutuksessa on ohjelmointirajapinta, joka helpottaa matkapuhelinverkon uusien palvelusovellusten kehittämistä. Toteutus testattiin standardoituja testitapauksia soveltaen. Yhdenmukaisuustestauksessa käytettiin apuna merkinantoanalysaattoria. Testauksessa tarkastettiin, että protokolla toimii loogisesti oikein. Suorituskykyä ei ole voitu testata todellisessa testiympäristössä, mutta ohjelmallisesti toteutettujen simulaattoreiden avulla on saatu hyviä tuloksia.

An Empirical Investigation of Defense Interpretation Depth, Defensive Functioning, and Alliance Strength in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.

The present study examined the relationship between depth of defense interpretations by therapists, and patient defensive functioning, on the therapeutic alliance in a sample of 36 patients undergoing short-term dynamic psychotherapy. Defense interpretation depth was defined as the degree to which therapist interpretations contained information regarding the motivation for patient defenses and historical origins of the defensive processes (Greensen, 1967). Mean depth of interpretation was compared between sessions that were identified beforehand as either high-alliance or low-alliance sessions using the Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAq-II: Luborsky et al., 1996). Results indicated that defensive functioning was correlated to defense interpretation depth in low-alliance sessions. Moreover, mean depth of interpretation was also higher in low-alliance sessions, pointing to the possible "destabilizing" effects that these interpretations may have on both defensive functioning and the therapeutic alliance. These results are discussed within the context of previous studies of therapeutic technique in dynamic psychotherapy.