962 resultados para Cronología histórica universal


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BACKGROUND: Frequent emergency department users represent a small number of patients but account for a large number of emergency department visits. They should be a focus because they are often vulnerable patients with many risk factors affecting their quality of life (QoL). Case management interventions have resulted in a significant decrease in emergency department visits, but association with QoL has not been assessed. One aim of our study was to examine to what extent an interdisciplinary case management intervention, compared to standard emergency care, improved frequent emergency department users' QoL. METHODS: Data are part of a randomized, controlled trial designed to improve frequent emergency department users' QoL and use of health-care resources at the Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland. In total, 250 frequent emergency department users (≥5 attendances during the previous 12 months; ≥ 18 years of age) were interviewed between May 2012 and July 2013. Following an assessment focused on social characteristics; social, mental, and somatic determinants of health; risk behaviors; health care use; and QoL, participants were randomly assigned to the control or the intervention group (n=125 in each group). The final sample included 194 participants (20 deaths, 36 dropouts, n=96 in the intervention group, n=99 in the control group). Participants in the intervention group received a case management intervention by an interdisciplinary, mobile team in addition to standard emergency care. The case management intervention involved four nurses and a physician who provided counseling and assistance concerning social determinants of health, substance-use disorders, and access to the health-care system. The participants' QoL was evaluated by a study nurse using the WHOQOL-BREF five times during the study (at baseline, and at 2, 5.5, 9, and 12 months). Four of the six WHOQOL dimensions of QoL were retained here: physical health, psychological health, social relationship, and environment, with scores ranging from 0 (low QoL) to 100 (high QoL). A linear, mixed-effects model with participants as a random effect was run to analyze the change in QoL over time. The effects of time, participants' group, and the interaction between time and group were tested. These effects were controlled for sociodemographic characteristics and health-related variables (i.e., age, gender, education, citizenship, marital status, type of financial resources, proficiency in French, somatic and mental health problems, and behaviors at risk).

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Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) on organisaatio, joka määrittelee ja ylläpitää kolmannen sukupolven matkapuhelinverkon standardeja. Organisaatio luotiin monien eri standardointielinten toimesta havaittaessa, ettei maailmanlaajuista kolmannen sukupolven matkapuhelinteknologiaa voitaisi määritellä ilman laajaa yhteistyötä. 3GPP:ssä standardointityö on jakautunut usealle tekniselle määrittelyryhmälle. Jokaisen ryhmän tehtävänä on kehittää määrittelyjä ja raportteja omalla vastuualueellaan. 3GPP:ssä määrittelytyötä tehdään samanaikaisesti teknillisten määrittelyryhmien välillä. Tämä vaatii tiukkoja sääntöjä määrittelyjen luonti-, hyväksyntä- ja ylläpitotehtäviin. Vain siten on mahdollista hallita määrittelyihin tulevia muutoksia ja tarvittavaa kokonaistyömäärää. Tämä diplomityö kuvaa 3GPP:n määrittelemän UMTS-teknologian. Työssä keskitytään tarkemmin 3GPP-organisaation rakenteeseen, määritysten tekemiseen ja työskentelytapoihin. Tämä diplomityö osoittaa millainen organisaatio ja säännöt vaaditaan maailmanlaajuisen matkapuhelinjärjestelmän kehittämiseen.

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A ultra-sonografia intra-operatória influencia a conduta cirúrgica em um número significante de pacientes operados por afecções malignas ou benignas. Ela constitui-se no método mais sensível para a detecção de pequenas lesões, especialmente no fígado e pâncreas. Nas cirurgias pancreáticas, a ultra-sonografia intra-operatória é importante na localização de tumores neuroendócrinos e na avaliação da ressecabilidade de adenocarcinomas. Ela também pode ser usada durante as cirurgias para pancreatite crônica. Os autores fazem uma revisão sobre a evolução da ultra-sonografia intra-operatória nas cirurgias pancreáticas desde o seu início até os dias atuais.

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L'objectiu d'aquest treball és efectuar una aproximació al problema de la fundació de Dertosa, així com un estudi de la topografia antiga de la ciutat, tot plantejant hipòtesis sobre la mateixa i sobre el port marítim i fluvial.

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En aquest treball em proposo estudiar fonamentalment la pervivència del dret processal català després del Decret de Nova Planta (DNP), és a dir, aquest període fosc que arriba fins al 1835, any de la desaparició legal expressa i definitiva del dret processal català previ al DNP.

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Broadband access is a key factor for economic and social development. However, providing broadband to rural areas is not attractive to private telecommunications operators due its low or zero investment return. To deal with broadband provision in rural areas, different governance systems based on private and public cooperation have appeared. This paper not only identifies and defines public and private cooperation models but also assesses their impact on overcoming the digital divide in rural areas. The results show that public ownership infrastructure under private management policy has had positive effects on reducing the broadband digital divide and being applied to areas with higher digital divide; subsides to private operators providers only positive effects on reducing broadband digital divide; but public infrastructure with public management programs did not. The results, obtained using quasi-experimental methods, suggest the importance of incentives and control mechanisms in broadband universal service provision plans.

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La Costa Brava, situada en el noreste de la Península Ibérica, al sur de la frontera francesa, es uno de los territorios turísticos más destacados a nivel mundial. Actualmente está asociada a una fuerte imagen de turismo de sol y playa (desarrollada a partir de los años 1960), si bien cada vez más se la complementa con valores naturales y culturales, retornando en cierto modo al espíritu de la promoción que se realizaba a principios del s. XX. Esta dimensión histórica de la promoción turística ha sido, y sigue siendo, un aspecto ampliamente desconocido tanto por la población como por los mismos agentes turísticos, dado que la mayor parte de los materiales que se han editado en los últimos 100 años se han perdido o, en el caso que se hayan conservado, se desconoce su existencia y ubicación. Teniendo en cuenta esta situación, sumada a la importancia que diversos autores dan al estudio de la imagen turística (Miossec 1977; Urry, 1990; Kotler, Haider y Rein, 1994; Galí, 2005; o Camprubí y Prats, 2009), el proyecto “Imagen gráfica de la Costa Brava” se erige como el esfuerzo del Patronato de Turismo Costa Brava – Girona y la Facultad de Turismo de la Universidad de Girona por recuperar este fragmento de la memoria histórica, a partir de los documentos conservados en distintos archivos

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Una atenta observació de les activitats aquàtiques de caire educatiu mostra que aquestes pràctiques es fonamenten, principalment, en constructes que no són propis de la pedagogia, ans provenen de l’antropologia i/o de les cultures establertes a l’entorn de l’aigua. Així, el present article es pregunta pels sentits que acompanyen aquests imaginaris que sorgeixen de la relació que s’estableix entre l’home i el medi aquàtic. Per a fer-ho, s’utilitza el recurs hermenèutic de comprendre quines han estat les pràctiques aquàtiques que han anat sorgint al llarg de la història, ja que la idea principal del treball sosté que l’activitat educativa en el medi aquàtic s’ha construït a partir dels imaginaris culturals, sorgits de les mateixes pràctiques aquàtiques que l’han precedit.

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This work starts with a historical perspective of the social and scientific progress related to the understanding of the atmospheric aerosol. Its origin, physical, chemical and optical characteristics, as well as its environmental behaviour are described, retracing the evolution of the concepts related to this subject over the last centuries. The main sources that contribute to atmospheric particulate matter and the modern understanding of its formation processes and constitution, focusing on the chemical pathways leading to it and on its organic components are presented. This discussion is complemented with recent evaluations of the quantities emitted by primary, secondary, biogenic and anthropogenic sources and the effects due to accumulation or dispersion of aerosols, justifying the chemical and environmental interest they engender.

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Periodically, during petroleum shortages, vegetable oils and their derivatives have been proposed as alternatives to petroleum diesel fuel. Different approaches have been proposed, including the use of pure vegetable oils (or blends) or their derivatives. Indeed, the use of fatty-acid methyl or ethyl esters (usually known as "biodiesel") produced by alcoholysis of triacylglycerides or esterification of fatty acids was initially proposed in Belgium 70 years ago, when the first world patent was deposited. Recently, foreign dependence on diesel fuel and the petroleum crisis have increased the discussion in Brazil on starting to use alternatives to diesel fuel, being biodiesel the alternative of choice for a large petroleum diesel substitution program.