936 resultados para Colon (Anatomia) - Cancer


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Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most common cancer type and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the western world. CRC results from the accumulation of both acquired genetic and epigenetic changes that transform normal glandular epithelium into adenocarcinoma (Lao and Grady 2011), affecting several genes such as Apc, K-ras, dcc/Smad4 and p53 or DNA mismatch repair genes (Pancione et al. 2012). p38 MAPKs are a subfamily of Serine-Threonine kinases activated by different stimuli that control fundamental cellular processes such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis (Dhillon et al. 2007, Nebreda and Porras 2000, Wagner and Nebreda 2009). There are four p38 MAPKs isoforms in mammals: α, β, δ and γ. p38α MAPK is ubiquitously expressed and is the most abundant isoform (Cuenda and Rousseau 2007). p38α is involved in the regulation of many cellular functions, among them, cell migration and invasion. In cancer, it can act as either a promoter or a suppressor of tumor growth, playing different roles during tumor progression (del Barco Barrantes and Nebreda 2012). C3G is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) mainly for the Ras family members: Rap1 (Gotoh et al. 1995) and R-Ras (Gotoh et al. 1997), but it can also act through GEF independent mechanisms. C3G regulates several cellular functions such as cell death, adhesion, migration and invasion (Radha et al. 2011). In collaboration with Dr. Carmen Guerrero’s group (Centro del Investigación del Cáncer de Salamanca), our group has found a new functional relationship between C3G and p38α MAPK involved in the regulation of cell death in MEFs (Gutierrez-Uzquiza et al. 2010) and in the chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) K562 cell line (Maia et al. 2009). Moreover, C3G and p38α act through a common regulatory pathway to control cell adhesion in K562 cells regulating focal adhesion proteins (Maia et al. 2013)...

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Les patients atteints de maladies inflammatoires de l'intestin (MII) ont un risque accru de développer un cancer colorectal dû aux lésions épithéliales secondaires à l’inflammation chronique. La vitamine D (vD) régule NOD2, gène impliqué dans la réponse inflammatoire et dans la susceptibilité aux MII, et induit son expression dans les monocytes et dans l’épithélium intestinal. Dans ce projet, nous avons d’abord induit le cancer colorectal associé à la colite ulcéreuse (CAC) en administrant un traitement combiné d’azoxyméthane (AOM) et de dextran de sulfate de sodium (DSS) aux souris C57BL/6J. Par la suite, nous avons étudié l'effet d’une carence en vD3 sur le développement du CAC et évalué la capacité préventive d’une supplémentation en vD3 sur la tumorigenèse, et vérifié si cet effet est médié par NOD2, en utilisant les souris Nod2-/-. Les C57BL/6J et les Nod2-/-, ayant reçu une diète déficiente en vD3, étaient moins résistantes au CAC par rapport aux souris supplémentées. Le pourcentage de perte de poids, l’indice d’activation de la maladie (DAI), le taux de mortalité et le poids relatif du côlon (mg/cm) chez les souris déficientes en vD3 étaient plus élevés en comparaison avec celles supplémentées en vD3. Une augmentation du score d'inflammation et de la multiplicité tumorale corrélait avec une expression accentuée de l’Il6 dans les colonocytes des souris déficientes en vD3. La vD3 régulait l’expression génétique de Cyp24, Vdr et de gènes pro-inflammatoires chez les C57BL/6, comme chez les Nod2-/-. En conclusion, la supplémentation en vD3 peut prévenir le développement du CAC indépendamment de NOD2.

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Les patients atteints de maladies inflammatoires de l'intestin (MII) ont un risque accru de développer un cancer colorectal dû aux lésions épithéliales secondaires à l’inflammation chronique. La vitamine D (vD) régule NOD2, gène impliqué dans la réponse inflammatoire et dans la susceptibilité aux MII, et induit son expression dans les monocytes et dans l’épithélium intestinal. Dans ce projet, nous avons d’abord induit le cancer colorectal associé à la colite ulcéreuse (CAC) en administrant un traitement combiné d’azoxyméthane (AOM) et de dextran de sulfate de sodium (DSS) aux souris C57BL/6J. Par la suite, nous avons étudié l'effet d’une carence en vD3 sur le développement du CAC et évalué la capacité préventive d’une supplémentation en vD3 sur la tumorigenèse, et vérifié si cet effet est médié par NOD2, en utilisant les souris Nod2-/-. Les C57BL/6J et les Nod2-/-, ayant reçu une diète déficiente en vD3, étaient moins résistantes au CAC par rapport aux souris supplémentées. Le pourcentage de perte de poids, l’indice d’activation de la maladie (DAI), le taux de mortalité et le poids relatif du côlon (mg/cm) chez les souris déficientes en vD3 étaient plus élevés en comparaison avec celles supplémentées en vD3. Une augmentation du score d'inflammation et de la multiplicité tumorale corrélait avec une expression accentuée de l’Il6 dans les colonocytes des souris déficientes en vD3. La vD3 régulait l’expression génétique de Cyp24, Vdr et de gènes pro-inflammatoires chez les C57BL/6, comme chez les Nod2-/-. En conclusion, la supplémentation en vD3 peut prévenir le développement du CAC indépendamment de NOD2.

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Background There is evidence that certain mutations in the double-strand break repair pathway ataxia-telangiectasia mutated gene act in a dominant-negative manner to increase the risk of breast cancer. There are also some reports to suggest that the amino acid substitution variants T2119C Ser707Pro and C3161G Pro1054Arg may be associated with breast cancer risk. We investigate the breast cancer risk associated with these two nonconservative amino acid substitution variants using a large Australian population-based case–control study. Methods The polymorphisms were genotyped in more than 1300 cases and 600 controls using 5' exonuclease assays. Case–control analyses and genotype distributions were compared by logistic regression. Results The 2119C variant was rare, occurring at frequencies of 1.4 and 1.3% in cases and controls, respectively (P = 0.8). There was no difference in genotype distribution between cases and controls (P = 0.8), and the TC genotype was not associated with increased risk of breast cancer (adjusted odds ratio = 1.08, 95% confidence interval = 0.59–1.97, P = 0.8). Similarly, the 3161G variant was no more common in cases than in controls (2.9% versus 2.2%, P = 0.2), there was no difference in genotype distribution between cases and controls (P = 0.1), and the CG genotype was not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (adjusted odds ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval = 0.85–1.98, P = 0.2). This lack of evidence for an association persisted within groups defined by the family history of breast cancer or by age. Conclusion The 2119C and 3161G amino acid substitution variants are not associated with moderate or high risks of breast cancer in Australian women.

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OBJECTIVE: To compare, in patients with cancer and in healthy subjects, measured resting energy expenditure (REE) from traditional indirect calorimetry to a new portable device (MedGem) and predicted REE. DESIGN: Cross-sectional clinical validation study. SETTING: Private radiation oncology centre, Brisbane, Australia. SUBJECTS: Cancer patients (n = 18) and healthy subjects (n = 17) aged 37-86 y, with body mass indices ranging from 18 to 42 kg/m(2). INTERVENTIONS: Oxygen consumption (VO(2)) and REE were measured by VMax229 (VM) and MedGem (MG) indirect calorimeters in random order after a 12-h fast and 30-min rest. REE was also calculated from the MG without adjustment for nitrogen excretion (MGN) and estimated from Harris-Benedict prediction equations. Data were analysed using the Bland and Altman approach, based on a clinically acceptable difference between methods of 5%. RESULTS: The mean bias (MGN-VM) was 10% and limits of agreement were -42 to 21% for cancer patients; mean bias -5% with limits of -45 to 35% for healthy subjects. Less than half of the cancer patients (n = 7, 46.7%) and only a third (n = 5, 33.3%) of healthy subjects had measured REE by MGN within clinically acceptable limits of VM. Predicted REE showed a mean bias (HB-VM) of -5% for cancer patients and 4% for healthy subjects, with limits of agreement of -30 to 20% and -27 to 34%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Limits of agreement for the MG and Harris Benedict equations compared to traditional indirect calorimetry were similar but wide, indicating poor clinical accuracy for determining the REE of individual cancer patients and healthy subjects.