Ajustes de coeficientes integrantes de processos físicos e bioquímicos na autedepuração em curso de água de médio porte

The mathematical modeling in the simulation of self-purification capacity in lotic environment is an important tool in the planning and management of hydric resources in hydrographic basin scale. It satisfactorily deals with the self-purification process when the coefficients of physical and biochemical processes are calibrated from monitorated water quality data, which was the main focus of this study. The present study was conducted to simulate the behavior of the parameters OD, BOD5, total phosphorus, E. coli, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and the total metals cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and zinc in the Uberabinha’s lower course (with an approximate annual growth flow between 4-35 m3/s), in a stretch of 19 km downstream of the treated effluent release by the WWTP of the city. The modelings, on the present study, show the importance of constant water quality parameters monitoration over the water course, based on the comparison of the simulations from calibrated coefficients and coefficients obtained in the literature for the period of June until November 2015. After coefficients calibration, there were good adjustments between simulated and measured data for the parameters OD, BOD, Ptotal, ammonia and nitrate and unsatisfactory adjust for the parameters nitrite and E. coli. About the total metals, the adjustments were not satisfactory on the reservoir’s vicinity of the Small Hydropower Plant Martins, due the considerable increase of the bottom sediment in lentic region. The greatest scientific contribution of this study was to calibrate the decay coefficient K and the quantification of the release by the fund S of total metals in watercourse midsize WWTP pollutant load receptor, justified by the lack of studies in the literature about the subject. For the metals cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and zinc, the borderline for K and S calibrated were: 0.0 to 13.0 day-1 and 0.0 to 1.7 g/m3.day; 0.0 to 0.9 day-1 and 0.0 to 7.3 g/m3.day; 0.0 to 25.0 day-1 and 0.0 to 1.8 g/m3.day; 0.0 to 7.0 day-1 and 0.0 to 40.3 g/m3.day; 0.0 to 30.0 day-1 and 0.0 to 70.1 g/m3.day.

As escolas polivalentes do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba (MG): sondagem vocacional no projeto desenvolvimentista civil-militar (1965–1976)

This study has as object eight state vocational schools located in Araguari, Araxá, Frutal, Ituiutaba, Monte Carmelo, Patos de Minas, Uberaba and Uberlândia, in Minas Gerais. The period analyzed comprises the years from 1965 to 1976, from the signature of the Agreement 512-11-610-042 beteween the Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC) and the American Agency for International Development (USAID), which started a series of other agreements, and actions ending up with the creation of the Expansion and Improvement of High Schools Program (Programa de Expansão e Melhoria do Ensino Médio - PREMEM) and, from this, the Vocational Schools. The upper limit of the study, 1976, was the year when these agreements, known as MEC/USAID agreements ceased. The Vocational Schools were characterized as vocation probing schools, directing the professional formation of the population in general, which would happen a posteriori, turning it shorter and more effective, since the labor market would demand, urgently, capable professionals for an expanding economy. The project of Vocational Schools had a national scope, and foresaw, for its unfolding, the complete substitution of State Schools for the new model, called “multi-curricula”. The theme Vocational schools was the object of my Master’s degree study, when I focused the State School Guiomar de Freitas Costa, in Uberlândia. That study raised questionings and concerns that resulted in the central problem of the thesis presented here: understanding the measure in which such schools integrated the country’s development project – mostly in the first half of the military rule – and to understand its structure, functionality and efficacyThe development of the study presented here, demanded the use of several sources: 1) specialized literature about the topics presented, i.e., the situation of national education in a temporal analysis, the political, economical and social context, research methodologies, the theory of human capital, vocational teaching, pedagogical trends and practices, agreements MEC-USAID and PREMEM; 2) national, state and county laws related to the discussion: laws of national education directives and basis, decrees and reports stating about the program of technical cooperation between Brazil and the United States of America, the Program of Expansion and Improvement of Teaching (PREMEM), formation of professors, establishment of Vocational Schools and educational planning; 3) documentation of school archives: books of minutes of Collegiate and of faculty and staff, registrar books with final scores, enrolment, visits of inspector, accounting books, punch clock records, student, professor and staff occurrences, inventory, class schedules, school year calendar, school rules, class reports, payment rolls, bills of sales, exchanged mail, personal documentation of professional personnel, documents of land acquisition, blueprints, manuals of PREMEM, didactic materials/resources used in classes, books available in the school library, structured evaluations for follow-up of school processes, pictures of events, texts prepared for special dates, and news from the official newspaper and, finally, 4) national and local press reports, especially from Folha de São Paulo, Correio de Araxá, Correio de Uberlândia and Lavoura e Comércio (Uberaba). The proposition of Vocational schools was conciliate theoretical and practical formation through an active education permeated by technological resources. The contact with knowledge and several practical activities under professional supervision, the student would identify the knowledge area that would interest him the most and his aptitude. This formation in primary school would make way for the vocation studies in high school, which became mandatory by the law 5.692/71, that reformed school education from the previous levels of elementary, middle high and high school. However, the multi-curricula proposal that would be spread to the other public schools in the country ended up succumbing to the model already established. From its ephemeral existence, maybe the Vocational Schools have not reached the more general goals in political, economic and social aspects; however, this study demonstrated that, for the people that, directly or indirectly, had contact with such schools, a legacy of vocational and quality teaching was made, so much so, that forty years after the end of that proposal, they are still remembered.

Análise das principais variáveis na flotação industrial do complexo de mineração de Tapira - MG

Faced with an agribusiness expansion scenario and the increase in fertilizer consumption due to the exponential growth of the population, it is necessary to make better use of existing reserves, by obtaining products of better quality and in adequate quantities to meet demand national. In Tapira Mining Complex, Vale Fertilizantes, the phosphate concentrate is produced with content of 35.0% P2O5 from ore with content of about 8.0% P2O5, which are intended to supply Complex Industrial Uberaba and Araxá Minero Chemical Complex for the production of fertilizers. The industrial flotation step responsible for the recovery of P2O5 and hence the viability of the business is divided into the crumbly, grainy and ultrathin circuits, and, friable and granular concentrate comprise the conventional concentrated. Today only 14.7% of the mass which feeds the mill product becomes, the remainder being considered losses in the process, and the larger mass losses are located in the waste of flotation, representing 42.3%. From 2012 to 2014, the daily global mass recovery processing plants varied from 12.4 to 15.9% while the daily metallurgical recovery of P2O5 from 48.7 to 82.4%. By the degree of variability, it appears that the plant operated under different conditions. Seen this, this study aimed to analyze the influence of operational and process variables in P2O5 mass and metallurgical recoveries of industrial flotation circuits of grainy, crumbly and ultrathin. And besides was made an analysis of the effect of ore variables, as degrees, hardnesse and the ore front 02 percentage, in global recoveries of processing plant and the effect of dosages of reagents in the recoveries obtained from the bench flotation using the experimental design methodology. All work was performed using the historical database of Vale Fertilizantes of Tapira-MG, where all independent variables were dimensionless as the experimental range used. To make the statistical analysis it used the response surface technique and the values of the independent variables that maximize recoveries were found by canonical analysis. In the study of industrial flotation circuit crispy were obtained from 41.3% mass recovery and 91.3% metallurgical recovery P2O5, good values for the circuit, and the highest recoveries occur for solids concentration of the new flotation power between 45 and 50%, which values are assigned to the residence time of the pulp in cells and industrial flotation columns. The greater the number of ore heaps resumed on the higher the mass recovery, but in this scenario flotation becomes unstable because there is enormous weight variation in the feed. Higher recoveries are obtained for mass depressant dosage exceeding 120 g / t for synthetic collector dosage of 11.6%. In the study of industrial flotation circuit of the granulate were obtained 28.3% to 79.4% mass recovery and metallurgical recovery of P2O5 being considered good values for the circuit. Higher recoveries are obtained when the front ore 02 percentage is above 90%, because the ore of this front have more clear apatite. Likewise recoveries increase when the level of pulp rougher step is highest due to the high mass of circulating step receives loads. In the analysis of industrial flotation circuit of the ultrafine were obtained 23.95% of mass recovery, and the same is maximized to depressant dosage and the top collector 420 and 300 g / t, respectively. The analysis of the influence of variables ore, it was observed that higher recoveries are obtained for ores with P2O5 content above 8.0%, Fe2O3 content in the order of 28% forward and 02 of ore percentage of 83%. Hard ore percentage has strong influence on recoveries due to mass division in the circuit that is linked to this variable. However, the hard ore percentage that maximizes recoveries was very close to the design capacity of the processing plant, which is 20%. Finally, the study of the bench flotation, has noted that in friable and granular circuits the highest recoveries are achieved for a collector dosage exceeding 250 g / t and the simultaneous increase of collector dosage and synthetic collector percentage contributes to the increase recovery in the flotation, but this scenario is suitable to produce a concentrate poorer in terms of P2O5 content, showing that higher recovery is not always the ideal scenario. Thus, the results show the values of variables that provide higher recoveries in the flotation and hence lower losses in the waste.

As vogais médias tônicas: um estudo contrastivo da metafonia com base em corpus

This research analyzes the average previous stressed vowels [ε] and [e] and later [ɔ] and [o] in nominal and verbal forms in the 1st person singular and 3rd person singular and plural in the present tense, specifically the umlaut process of mid vowels /e/ and /o/, which assimilate in /ε/ and /ᴐ/ in stressed position. The general objective of this research is to describe and quantify the occurrence of umlaut and subsequently analyze in which words there is regularity or not. As specific objectives we have: i) to compile and to label an oral, spontaneous, synchronic and regional corpus, from radio programs produced in the city of Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais; ii) to describe the characteristics of the corpus to be compiled; iii) to investigate the alternating timbre of mid vowels in stressed position; iv) to identify instances of nominal and verbal umlaut of the middle vowels in stressed position; v) to describe the identified cases of nominal and verbal umlaut; vi) to analyze the probable causes for the variation of the middle vowels. To perform the proposed analysis, we have adopted as a theoretical-methodological basis multi-representational models: Phonology of Use (BYBEE, 2001) and Exemplar Theory (PIERREHUMBERT, 2001) combined with the precepts of Corpus Linguistics (BEBER SARDINHA, 2004). The corpus consisted of 16 radio programs – eight political and eight religious – from the city of Ituiutaba-MG, with recordings of about 20 to 40 minutes. We note, by means of the results generated by WordSmith Tools® software, version 6.0 (SCOTT, 2012), that the analyzed forms show little variation, which shows that the umlaut is a process already lexicalized in participants of the radio programs analyzed. We conclude that the results converge with the proposal of the Phonology of Use (BYBEE, 2001; PHILLIPS, 1984) that less frequent words that have no phonetic environment conducive to change, are changed first.

Intervenção mediacional na aprendizagem do braille: um estudo com crianças deficientes visuais

This study aimed to construct and evaluate a proposed mediational intervention with preschool children through reading workshops and writing in Braille system. The proposal is based on the concepts of Vygotsky on defectology and approach to the Mediated Learning Experience (MLE) developed by Feuerstein. For the research were drawn up ten Mediational workshops, in which they developed a work by reading a children's story and from her reading activities and writing in Braille system. The workshops took place within in kindergarten room of the institution. Study participants were four blind children, six and seven years in an institution that assists visually impaired people in the city of Uberaba / MG, and their mothers and the teacher responsible for the room in which they study. During the workshops, the children showed interest in participating in the activities of reading and writing in Braille. We believe that the data built during the research are not sufficient to establish a generalization, due to the small number of participants. However, at the end of the workshops and the assessment of participants' responses can infer the relevance of the proposal, because in addition to the interest shown and the request of the children there were more activities like that, it was noticed greater fluency in reading and greater ease in writing.

Falamos português : quotidiano na cidade

Recursos Educativos - Humanidades

Sociedade e cultura portuguesas II : a cidade e o campo

Académico - Licenciaturas

Avaliação de HPA e BTEX no solo e água subterrânea, em postos de revenda de combustíveis: estudo de caso na cidade de Natal -RN

The retail fuel stations are partially or potentially polluters and generators of environmental accidents, potentially causing contamination of underground and surface water bodies, soil and air. Leaks in fuel retail stations´ underground storage systems are often detected in Brazil and around the world. Monoaromatic hydrocarbons, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an indication of the presence of contamination due to its high toxicity. This paper presents a case study of contamination in a Fuel Retail Station by petroleum derivative products in the city of Natal. For identification and quantification of the hydrocarbons, EPA analytical methods were used. The values of benzene quantified by EPA method 8021b CG-PID/FID, ranged from 1.164 to 4.503 mg.Kg-1 in soil samples, and from 12.10 to 27,639 μg.L-1 in underground water samples. Among the PAHs, naphthalene and anthracene showed the most significant results in soil samples, 0.420 to 15.46 mg.Kg-1 and 0.110 to 0,970 mg.Kg-1, respectively. In underground water samples, the results for Naphthalene varied between 0.759 and 614.7 μg.L-1. PAHs were quantified by EPA Method 8270 for GCMS. All of the results for the chemical analysis were compared with the values for the CONAMA 420/2009 resolution. The results for benzene (27,639 μg.L-1) showed levels highly above the recommended by the CONAMA 420 resolution, wherein the maximum permissible for underground water is 5 μg.L-1. This is a worrying factor, since underground water makes up 70% of the city of Natal´s water supply

TURISMO EM PIRAPORA/MG: UM ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE A PERCEPÇÃO DOS RESIDENTES LOCAIS

Este trabalho busca estabelecer as relações existentes entre o desenvolvimento da atividade turística e a opinião dos residentes locais, sobre o turismo na cidade de Pirapora/MG, no Brasil. O entendimento e conhecimento desses elementos são necessários para o desenvolvimento local, planejamento turístico e sustentabilidade da cidade como destino turístico. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de opinião com os residentes da cidade, buscando entender sua percepção acerca do turismo na cidade e as consequências para sociedade piraporense. A análise dos resultados permitiu constatar a importância do Vapor Benjamim Guimarães como um atrativo turístico capaz de dinamizar a economia, valorizar a cultura regional e impulsionar o turismo contribuindo para dinamizar o marketing da cidade. Para além dessas constatações, o estudo revela que o Vapor deve ser considerado uma alternativa de crescimento econômico e de valorização da cultura local, mostrando-se, também, importante instrumento para o desenvolvimento da sustentabilidade ambiental e qualidade de vida da população.

OS CONFLITOS E AS CONTRADIÇÕES NA AQUISIÇÃO DA MORADIA SOCIAL NOS ENCLAVES DE POBREZA URBANA NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE A CIDADE DE ARAGUAÍNA-TO

A produção de moradia social no Brasil sempre esteve permeada, desde suas origens, pela perspectiva do custo/benefício. Assim, as determinações do mercado, de uma maneira geral, e de modo específico, do mercado imobiliário, historicamente, traçaram as matizes da política habitacional brasileira desde o começo do século XX, vindo a se gravar no momento atual. A par das contradições, pois ainda que se tenha percebido um avanço na produção da moradia social no Brasil, pode-se afirmar que as relações capitalistas comandam a produção de habitação social e, por seu turno, a aquisição da terra urbana, em todo o território brasileiro. Ao se colocar os interesses do mercado imobiliário acima dos interesses e necessidades dos grupos sociais vulneráveis, estão negligenciando, os direitos desses grupos a uma moradia adequada bem como suas necessidades de deslocamento, de lazer, de cultura e de trabalho. O presente estudo utiliza-se de base de dados dos órgãos governamentais, a exemplo do IBGE e do Ministério das Cidades. Faz uso também da base teórico-metodológica sobre esta temática, além de registros empíricos. É sob esta perspectiva que se pretende discutir, aqui a produção e aquisição da moradia social no Brasil, e por seu turno uma equidade ao direito à cidade.

PAISAGENS, IMAGENS DO VIVIDO E DO VIVENCIADO: ANÁLISE DA ESTRUTURAÇÃO DA PRAÇA CENTRAL DE PIRAPORA – MG/BRASIL E SUA REPRESENTAÇÃO HISTÓRICA – SOCIAL

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a importância da paisagem na identificação do sujeito, partindo da historia que o rodeia. Ressalta a importância da preservação/conservação e perpetuação do patrimônio histórico cultural material da cidade de Pirapora – MG/Brasil. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados foram levantamento bibliográfico, documental e fotográfico, como também relatos de cidadãos Piraporenses. O estudo está pautado no centro da cidade, área core da historia da mesma, onde as arquiteturas presentes nos remetem ao passado, sendo parte indissociável da historia da população ribeirinha. A paisagem pode ser justificada como sendo importante nesta analise por inúmeros motivos, mas reconhece neste caso como sendo fundamental para dá sustentação à construção contínua do individuo no que se refere á identificação do seu lugar e de seus valores, sendo o retrato da sua herança gravada no tempo e sentido nas configurações aqui tidas como físicas, mas que se remete a emoções.

GÊNESE E ESTRUTURAÇÃO DE UM EIXO COMERCIAL ESPECIALIZADO EM VIÇOSA (MG)

O espaço urbano é um meio dinâmico que está sempre em constante modificação, se adaptando e criando formas afim de servir as necessidades humanas, e um claro exemplo disso é o processo de descentralização. Os processos de descentralização tem sido alvo de estudo da Geografia Urbana à algum tempo, sendo observados em cidades médias e grandes está sendo estudado na cidade de Viçosa – MG, aonde o processo ocorre na forma de um eixo comercial especializado em prestação de serviços e vendas voltados a atender veículos automotores. Nesse trabalho como objetivos compreender a gênese do processo de criação da nova centralidade e discutir isso no contexto da rede urbana e do espaço intra urbano. Apesar ter se procurado explicar o processo de formação do eixo de outras formas, pode-se notar que a descentralização ocorre em função de fatores externos ao crescimento natural da cidade em seus diversos aspectos e que o automóvel protagoniza o processo atuando de diversas formas e a formação do eixo comercial sem dúvida é um exemplo disso.

PEQUENA CIDADE EM ÁREAS NÃO METROPOLITANAS DO BRASIL

O objetivo principal do texto é analisar a situação político-social de pequenas cidades, aquelas com população inferior a 10.000 habitantes, não inseridas no âmbito territorial de áreas metropolitanas. Para tanto a metodologia utilizada foi a de estabelecer como recorte espacial pequenas cidades da mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba no estado de Minas Gerais (Brasil). A análise foi realizada a partir de revisão bibliográfica sobre os temas geográficos do urbano, cidade e município. Além disso, foram realizadas entrevistas com gestores públicos (municipais e estaduais), integrantes do ministério público e da sociedade civil. Assim, e a partir dessa análise, defendemos a idéia que os problemas dessas pequenas cidades transcendem o simples binômio: financeiro - ambiental. Ao analisar essas pequenas cidades no Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba, constatamos ser, de fato, a relação de estreiteza entre o poder público e a população, o grande diferencial de relações espaço/territorial e social/populacional de uma pequena cidade. Constitui, essa relação, um verdadeiro “Estado do Bem Estar Social”, resultado da amálgama da lógica lusitana de se administrar o bem público com as novas diretrizes descentralizantes e municipalistas advindas da Constituição Federal do Brasil de 1988.

PAISAGEM CULTURAL EM DIAMANTINA, MG: UM ESTUDO SOBRE PATRIMÔNIO E TOPOFILIA

O Barroco compreende amplo fenômeno associado à arte, à vida e à história dos séculos XVII e XVIII. No Brasil, mais especificamente no estado de Minas Gerais, o barroco assumiu características próprias, passando a constituir não somente um estilo artístico e arquitetônico, mas uma forma de enxergar e compreender o mundo, diretamente associado à origem da cultura mineira. Diamantina, cidade colonial mineira reúne significativo acervo histórico e cultural barroco, o que justificou seu reconhecimento, em 1999, como Patrimônio Mundial pela UNESCO. Inspirado nas reflexões sobre paisagem, patrimônio e identidade, este trabalho visa investigar o sentimento da população local em relação ao patrimônio da cidade de Diamantina. Para cumprir tal objetivo, foi realizada pesquisa teórica sobre barroco, paisagem, mineiridade, topofilia e topofobia e, pesquisa empírica, através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 40 moradores de diferentes regiões da cidade. De maneira geral, a população manifesta sentimento topofílico em relação à cidade, mas demonstra certo distanciamento em relação ao patrimônio. Apesar de reconhecerem sua importância, os entrevistados expressam ressentimento em relação à valorização do centro histórico para o uso turístico em detrimento a iniciativas que aproximem o patrimônio da população, estimulando sua capacidade em valorizá-lo.

MESORREGIÃO GEOGRÁFICA TRIÂNGULO MINEIRO/ALTO PARANAÍBA – MG/BRASIL: A PRODUÇÃO SUCROALCOOLEIRA ENTRE O PERÍODO DE 1995 E 2006

Nos últimos anos tem-se verificado uma mudança no espaço agropecuário regional da Mesorregião Geográfica Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba, tendo como principal ator, o cultivo de cana-de-açúcar, que tem transformando as áreas anteriormente ocupadas pela agricultura e pecuária. Neste sentido, o objetivo central desta pesquisa é analisar a produção agropecuária da área em estudo, tendo como recorte temporal o ano de 1995 e 2006. Metodologicamente, além da revisão bibliográfica, também esta sendo realizado trabalho de campo, e a utilização das geotecnologias na espacialização, análise e interpretação dos dados obtidos tanto das fontes primárias, quando das fontes secundárias (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE). Como resultados já obtidos, pode-se observar uma crescente produção, tanto em relação à área, quanto em toneladas de cana-de-açúcar obtidos na região, principalmente, com os incentivos governamentais que o poder público vêm disponibilizando para a produção de etanol. Destaca-se também, a fertilidade dos solos encontrados nessa região.