Hydrochemical Atlas of the Arctic Ocean

Introduction: Chemical composition of water determines its physical properties and character of processes proceeding in it: freezing temperature, volume of evaporation, density, color, transparency, filtration capacity, etc. Presence of chemical elements in water solution confers waters special physical properties exerting significant influence on their circulation, creates necessary conditions for development and inhabitance of flora and fauna, and imparts to the ocean waters some chemical features that radically differ them from the land waters (Alekin & Liakhin, 1984). Hydrochemical information helps to determine elements of water circulation, convection depth, makes it easier to distinguish water masses and gives additional knowledge of climatic variability of ocean conditions. Hydrochemical information is a necessary part of biological research. Water chemical composition can be the governing characteristics determining possibility and limits of use of marine objects, both stationary and moving in sea water. Subject of investigation of hydrochemistry is study of dynamics of chemical composition, i.e. processes of its formation and hydrochemical conditions of water bodies (Alekin & Liakhin 1984). The hydrochemical processes in the Arctic Ocean are the least known. Some information on these processes can be obtained in odd publications. A generalizing study of hydrochemical conditions in the Arctic Ocean based on expeditions conducted in the years 1948-1975 has been carried out by Rusanov et al. (1979). The "Atlas of the World Ocean: the Arctic Ocean" contains a special section "Hydrochemistry" (Gorshkov, 1980). Typical vertical profiles, transects and maps for different depths - 0, 100, 300, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000 m are given in this section for the following parameters: dissolved oxygen, phosphate, silicate, pH and alkaline-chlorine coefficient. The maps were constructed using the data of expeditions conducted in the years 1948-1975. The illustrations reflect main features of distribution of the hydrochemical elements for multi-year period and represent a static image of hydrochemical conditions. Distribution of the hydrochemical elements on the ocean surface is given for two seasons - winter and summer, for the other depths are given mean annual fields. Aim of the present Atlas is description of hydrochemical conditions in the Arctic Ocean on the basis of a greater body of hydrochemical information for the years 1948-2000 and using the up-to-date methods of analysis and electronic forms of presentation of hydrochemical information. The most wide-spread characteristics determined in water samples were used as hydrochemical indices. They are: dissolved oxygen, phosphate, silicate, pH, total alkalinity, nitrite and nitrate. An important characteristics of water salt composition - "salinity" has been considered in the Oceanographic Atlas of the Arctic Ocean (1997, 1998). Presentation of the hydrochemical characteristics in this Hydrochemical Atlas is wider if compared with that of the former Atlas (Gorshkov, 1980). Maps of climatic distribution of the hydrochemical elements were constructed for all the standard depths, and seasonal variability of the hydrochemical parameters is given not only for the surface, but also for the underlying standard depths up to 400 m and including. Statistical characteristics of the hydrochemical elements are given for the first time. Detailed accuracy estimates of initial data and map construction are also given in the Atlas. Calculated values of mean-root deviations, maximum and minimum values of the parameters demonstrate limits of their variability for the analyzed period of observations. Therefore, not only investigations of chemical statics are summarized in the Atlas, but also some elements of chemical dynamics are demonstrated. Digital arrays of the hydrochemical elements obtained in nodes of a regular grid are the new form of characteristics presentation in the Atlas. It should be mentioned that the same grid and the same boxes were used in the Atlas, as those that had been used by creation of the US-Russian climatic Oceanographic Atlas. It allows to combine hydrochemical and oceanographic information of these Atlases. The first block of the digital arrays contains climatic characteristics calculated using direct observational data. These climatic characteristics were not calculated in the regions without observations, and the information arrays for these regions have gaps. The other block of climatic information in a gridded form was obtained with the help of objective analysis of observational data. Procedure of the objective analysis allowed us to obtain climatic estimates of the hydrochemical characteristics for the whole water area of the Arctic Ocean including the regions not covered by observations. Data of the objective analysis can be widely used, in particular, in hydrobiological investigations and in modeling of hydrochemical conditions of the Arctic Ocean. Array of initial measurements is a separate block. It includes all the available materials of hydrochemical observations in the form, as they were presented in different sources. While keeping in mind that this array contains some amount of perverted information, the authors of the Atlas assumed it necessary to store this information in its primary form. Methods of data quality control can be developed in future in the process of hydrochemical information accumulation. It can be supposed that attitude can vary in future to the data that were rejected according to the procedure accepted in the Atlas. The hydrochemical Atlas of the Arctic Ocean is the first specialized and electronic generalization of hydrochemical observations in the Arctic Ocean and finishes the program of joint efforts of Russian and US specialists in preparation of a number of atlases for the Arctic. The published Oceanographic Atlas (1997, 1998), Atlas of Arctic Meteorology and Climate (2000), Ice Atlas of the Arctic Ocean prepared for publication and Hydrochemical Atlas of the Arctic Ocean represent a united series of fundamental generalizations of empirical knowledge of Arctic Ocean nature at climatic level. The Hydrochemical Atlas of the Arctic Ocean was elaborated in the result of joint efforts of the SRC of the RF AARI and IARC. Dr. Ye. Nikiforov was scientific supervisor of the Atlas, Dr. R. Colony was manager on behalf of the USA and Dr. L. Timokhov - on behalf of Russia.

Mina "Cabeza de Vaca": Cuenca carbonífera de Belmez a Espiel: memoria de las prácticas verificadas en 1º de abril de 1894

Cuenca carbonífera de Belmez a Espiel

[Trabajos de investigación sobre el oficio de "confiter i sucrer"] [Manuscrito]

Carpeta con diferentes transcripciones de documentos y notas de lectura de José Rodrigo Pertegás acerca de sus investigaciones sobre el oficio de "confiter i sucrer", durante el siglo XV. Contiene: -Transcripción de un documento conservado en el Archivo del Patriarca de Valencia. Protocolo de Juan Miguel, 1436, signatura 24. -Transcripción de un documento conservado en el Archivo General del Reino de Valencia, Tomo 13, Registre de ápoques. Regesta al principio de la transcripción, que dice: Varia. Confiteria. Siglo XV. Die jovis intitulata VIII novembris anno anat. Domine MCCCC LII. -Hoja con referencia bibliográfica y regesta de un documento de archivo, que dice Boticarios. En el protocolo de Juan Monfort a 30 mayo 1468 se encuentra el contrato de un cuerer y apothecari de Olocau que estaba al servicio del Marqués de Santa Illana... Archivo Colegio Corpus Christi - Valencia, num. 1731 del índice de protocolos.

Grandes carreras a pie en el Paseo de la Alameda [Material gráfico] : Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Valencia : Feria de Julio 1930 : Día 23 Julio a las 6'30 tarde ...

Tit. en cartel: "Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Valencia Feria de Julio 1930 Día 23 Julio A las 6'30 tarde Grandes carreras a pie ..."

La Nova Traca [Texto impreso] : semanari patriótic, valensiá de pura sanc, impolitic, independent i sinse pisca de vergoña per a dir les veritats

La cabecerá se recupera en 1908

La Tronà. 1894

Microfilm. Valencia: BV, ca. 1990

[Colección de fotografías de Cullera I]. [Material gráfico].]

[1-7]. Distintas vistas de Villa Rosalía (Cullera), sentada junto a la puerta Isabel Orrico Vidal amamantando a su hijo Paquito Roglá Orrico nacido el 27 de junio de 1919 (4 pares estereoscópicos) (7 fot.) – [8]. Cullera, los campos y el río Jucar (1 fot.) – [9]. Vista del cementerio de Cullera separado por una finca de Villa Rosalía, 1921 (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [10-17]. Vistas y rincones de Villa Rosalía finca agrícola con la vivienda a la derecha, allí veraneaba Francisco Roglá López con su mujer Isabel Orrico Vidal y sus tres hijos Paco, Luís e Ignacio, varias fotos muestran la montaña de Cullera desde la finca y campos preparados para la plantación de naranjos, 1924 (7 pares estereoscópicos) (7 fot.) – [18]. Villa Rosalía y otras fincas y edificaciones vecinas próximas al barrio del Arrabal de Cullera, 1921 (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [19-20 A, B, C]. Isabel Orrico Vidal en el jardín de Villa Rosalía, José roglá López con unos amigos en el jardín y jugando al tenis (3 pares estereoscópicos) (4 fot.) – [21-22]. Isabel Orrico Vidal con su hijo Paquito Roglá Orrico y con su cuñada Rosalía Roglá López y una niña sin identificar en la montaña de Cullera y junto a la finca de Villa Rosalía, 1919 (2 pares estereoscópicos) (2 fot.) – [23]. Isabel Orrico Vidal (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [24]. Isabel Orrico Vidal con su hijo Paquito y Pilar en Cullera junto al río Jucar, 1919 (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [25]. Isabel Orrico Vidal cerca del lavadero de Villa Rosalía al fondo la montaña (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [26-29]. El niño Paquito Roglá Orrico en distintas situaciones, con su madre Isabel Orrico Vidal y las niñeras en el jardín de Villa Rosalía, en brazos de su niñera Pilar, en el cochecito y dando sus primeros pasos amparado por Pilar, 1920 (5 pares estereoscópicos) (4 fot.) – [30]. Paquito Roglá Orrico en brazos de su abuela materna Matilde Vidal (2 pares estereoscópicos) (1 fot.) – [31-32]. Isabel Orrico Vidal con su sobrina Merceditas hija de su cuñada Mercedes Gay en la finca de Villa Rosalía (Cullera), Merceditas Orrico Gay sola sentada en el suelo del jardín (3 pares estereoscópicos) (2 fot.) – [33-36]. El niño Paquito Roglá Orrico en distintas situaciones, sentado en la arena de la playa de Cullera, jugando con las palomas en Villa Rosalía, tocando el agua de una fuente y junto a su niñera Pilar sentado junto a la fuente de riego, 1920 (7 pares estereoscópicos) (4 fot.) – [37]. Isabel Orrico Vidal con su padre Manolo Orrico Guzmán que sujeta en brazos a su nieto Paquito Roglá Orrico, junto al pozo Pilar la niñera y Josefina Vila Gimeno mujer de Miguel Orrico Vidal (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [38]. Manolo Orrico Guzmán con su nieto Paquito en un puente sobre el río, Cullera 1920 (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [39-40]. Isabel Orrico Vidal con Paquito, su cuñada y la niñera montadas en el carro y junto al caballo Manolo Orrico Guzmán camino de la playa del Dosel de Cullera, ya en la playa junto al grupo familiar Miguel Orrico Vidal, 1920 (2 pares estereoscópicos) (2 fot.) – [41]. Isabel Orrico Vidal con su hijo Paquito Roglá Orrico y su cuñada Josefina Vila Gimeno entre las rocas de la playa (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [42-46]. El niño Paquito Roglá Orrico con sombrero blanco en la playa del Dosel, Cullera 1920 (7 pares estereoscópicos) (5 fot.) – [47-48]. Isabel Orrico Vidal con Paquito, Josefina Vila Gimeno, la niñera Pilar y Manolo Orrico Guzmán en la playa del Dosel en una de las fotos el faro al fondo, Cullera 1920 (2 pares estereoscópicos) (2 fot.) – [49]. Comida familiar en Villa Rosalía de una paella, Isabel Orrico Vidal con Paquito, Josefina Vila Gimeno con Miguel Orrico Vidal y Manolo Orrico Guzmán al fondo las niñeras 1920 (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [50-51]. Isabel Orrico Vidal y Paquito con la tía Carmen sentadas en el campo, 1920 (2 pares estereoscópicos) (1 fot.) – [52-56]. El niño Paquito Roglá Orrico con babero a rayas y sombrero blanco, jugando en la playa, en Villa Rosalía con un poni, sentado junto a una puerta y con chaqueta sentado en el suelo con un juguete, 1920, 1921 (5 pares estereoscópicos) (5 fot.) – [57-58]. Manolo Orrico Vidal con su nieto Paquito en Villa Rosalía, en un camino junto a los campos, sentados junto a la alberca, 1920 (2 pares estereoscópicos) (2 fot.)