515 resultados para Biomarcador do cancro


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Diplópodos são animais detritívoros sendo considerados importantes macro-artrópodos do solo, desempenhando importante papel na manutenção do equilíbrio do ecossistema. Comumente não apresentam população numerosa, mas desequilíbrios ambientais, mudanças climáticas e utilização de pesticidas podem eliminar possíveis competidores ocasionando explosões populacionais. Dotados de um corpo cilíndrico com 25 a 100 segmentos com cutícula; o exoesqueleto da maioria dos diplópodos é fortemente calcificado. Possuem diplossegmentos que se originam da fusão entre dois segmentos durante o desenvolvimento e a grande parte destes diplossegmentos apresenta dois pares de pernas, de onde deriva o nome Diplopoda. O tubo digestório destes animais é formado por três regiões: o intestino anterior, o médio e o posterior. Trabalhos com morfologia do tubo digestório de milípides são raros e na maioria antigos. Assim, este trabalho de conclusão de curso objetivou realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as descrições morfológicas existentes sobre o tubo digestório de diplópodos visando rever a nomenclatura utilizada para os diferentes componentes presentes nas regiões que o compõem, principalmente para o tecido presente na região do intestino médio denominada até então de camada de “corpo gorduroso” constituinte do intestino médio. Foi intuito também, rever a utilização do tubo digestório de diplópodos como biomarcador em bioensaios de solos impactados. Após a revisão dos dados na literatura, ficou claro que a camada presente no intestino médio de diplópodos, denominada de “corpo gorduroso”, na realidade é constituída por células hepáticas, as quais foram descritas na literatura como sendo de distribuição aleatória, sem formar uma camada contínua

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

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Among the sexual hormones the estrogens are receiving major attention due to their biological activity. Such biological response is atributed to the best conformation recognized by their receptors, resulting in maximum responses. The estrogens are also considered responsible for most of disruptor´s effects caused by their presence in aquatic ecosystems. The 17β-estradiol hormone is produced by vertebrates during the reproductive phase of their lives and its presence has been detected in superficial waters. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cause-effect of tilapia exposition to the hormone 17β-estradiol through the analysis of biotransformation enzymes in liver and gills, complemented with the quantification of 17β-estradiol and estrone in water samples collected from fish ponds integrated to swine production. The present study was conducted under laboratory conditions, in a randomized experimental design with three levels of 17β-estradiol (E2) (0, 5, 15 µg L-1), with three replicates. After 7 days of exposure time, liver and gills were extracted to analyze three isoforms of cytochrome P450: EROD, BROD, PROD and the activity of Glutathione S-Transferase (GST). The results showed that the EROD activity (CYP1A), normally induced by the metabolism of aromatic compounds, did not present statistical differences among the treatments exposed to E2, what means that the hormone did not induce isoform 1A in fish under these particular experimental conditions. PROD activity was significantly altered in both concentrations, by means of 5 and 15 µg L-1, when compared to control. This result can indicate an important role of PROD on the metabolism of E2 present in water. Regarding to the BROD activity, it could be observed differences statistically significant between control and both groups of treatments. Two or more CYP isoforms can contribute to the metabolism of the same compound, what makes BROD a candidate as a next bioindicator of the exposure to E2 in aquatic ecosystems. Analysis of variance could confirm the effect of E2 statistically significant on the GST activity in liver tissues with >90% of significance (Prob>F = 0.0753). Furthermore, it was possible to observe that the values of GSTs activities in liver and gills in both, control and treatments, follow a tendency, that means, enzymatic activity in gills increase as the increasing of the activity in the liver tissues. In this study, the 17β–estradiol was found in measurable concentrations in three sampled points, and these values were similar to the findings of other authors at different locations in Brazil. In addition, those values are much higher than the minimum concentration that presented observable effects (10 ng L-1).

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Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular) - IBRC

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Anestesiologia - FMB

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Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of the total acid phosphatase (TAP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes, as well as the possible correlation in the serum and in unstimulated whole saliva of children. Enzymatic activities were measured in pairs of concurrently obtained serum and salivary samples from 32 children in good oral and systemic health (16 of each sex) with a median age of 6.4 ± 3.3 years (range 1.08 – 12.92 years). All collections were made between the hours of 08:00 – 10:00 a.m. We used p-nitrophenyl phosphate as the substrate in the enzymatic assay for TAP, TRAP and LMW-PTP, and thymolphthalein monophosphate as the substrate for ALP. The enzymatic activities of all the studied enzymes were higher in serum than in saliva. The mean of enzymatic activities of serum TAP, TRAP, LMW-PTP and ALP were 36.51 ± 8.21, 23.99 ± 5.73, 11.16 ± 5.65 and 76.50 ± 17.32 U/L, respectively, while the mean salivary TAP, TRAP, LMW-PTP and ALP enzymatic activities were 9.60 ± 5.04, 1.36 ± 0.87, 5.65 ± 3.07 and 4.08 ± 1.83 U/L in this order. The TRAP revealed a positive linear correlation between its activity in the serum and saliva (Spearman r = 0,4685, p < 0,05). We concluded that the salivary TRAP has a potential to be use as biomarkers of pathologies and states that modify its activity in the serum.

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Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)