Technology, work organisation and job quality in the service sector: an introduction’

This special issue volume is concerned with how technology is changing the nature of work and working conditions while generating new products and new forms of service delivery. The five articles included in this volume cover service work, from the routine and clerical through to highly credentialed and professional work. Although some of the established challenges concerning the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on work and workplaces are evident in the articles, it is also clear that new service delivery processes demand new skills and training to some extent. Overall findings indicate that while ICT competencies are important, they need to be supplemented by the soft skills that are crucial for effective customer interactions and more open work systems with greater autonomy and participation whereby flexible work teams can have a positive impact on job quality outcomes. This introductory article examines technology and the changing nature of work through three strands of interpretation, prior to introducing the five articles in this special issue.

Higher effort-reward imbalance and lower job control predict exit from the labour market at the age of 61 years or younger: Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Background: We examined whether higher effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and lower job control are associated with exit from the labour market. 

Methods: There were 1263 participants aged 50-74 years from the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing with data on working status and work-related psychosocial factors at baseline (wave 2; 2004-2005), and working status at follow-up (wave 5; 2010-2011). Psychosocial factors at work were assessed using a short validated version of ERI and job control. An allostatic load index was formed using 13 biological parameters. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Exit from the labour market was defined as not working in the labour market when 61 years old or younger in 2010-2011. 

Results: Higher ERI OR=1.62 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.61, p=0.048) predicted exit from the labour market independent of age, sex, education, occupational class, allostatic load and depression. Job control OR=0.60 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.85, p=0.004) was associated with exit from the labour market independent of age, sex, education, occupation and depression. The association of higher effort OR=1.32 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.73, p=0.045) with exit from the labour market was independent of age, sex and depression but attenuated to non-significance when additionally controlling for socioeconomic measures. Reward was not related to exit from the labour market. 

Conclusions: Stressful work conditions can be a risk for exiting the labour market before the age of 61 years. Neither socioeconomic position nor allostatic load and depressive symptoms seem to explain this association.

Perceptions of high-involvement work practices and burnout: the mediating role of job demands

This study examined the impact of perceived high-involvement work practices on job demands (role conflict, role overload and role ambiguity) and burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation). The study was conducted in a Canadian general hospital. Findings from structural equation modelling (N = 545) revealed that perceived HIWPs were significantly and negatively related to job demands and burnout. Role conflict and role overload have a significant positive association with emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation. Finally, role conflict and role overload partially mediate the relationship between perceived HIWPs and burnout. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of these findings for our understanding of how HIWPs influence the job demands and burnout of employees.

Teología india: Segundo encuentro-taller latinoamericano. Tomo II

No cabe duda que, en nuestros días, se han puesto de moda la palabra y las acciones indígenas, tanto por la tenacidad persistente de nuestros pueblos que vienen pugnando desde muy antiguo por sus derechos, como por las cuestiones coyunturales ligadas al V centenario y al año internacional de los pueblos indígenas, decretado por la ONU, o al premio Nobel de la Paz otorgado a una de las más distinguidas luchadoras indígenas de nuestros tiempos: Rigoberta Menchú Tum. Lo que antes era impensable, ahora es bastante común, que los indios seamos foco de atención para dirigentes de para sociedades y de las iglesias, para estudiosos de la realidad, y para luchadores sociales. En todos ellos hay un común denominador que tiene que ver ya no con el antiguo desprecio, conmiseración o curiosidad que antes suscitaba la sola presencia de los pueblos indígenas; sino que existe ahora cierta intuición o convencimiento, no siempre explícito, de que nuestros pueblos poseen una riqueza humana que puede ser una luz para las actuales circunstancias, en que se produce una conciencia de las crisis globales del mundo y una crisis de las conciencias.

Memoria del II encuentro ecuménico de cultura andina y teología

Este librito quiere ser memoria del II Encuentro ecuménico de teólogos del tercer mundo, realizado en la Paz-Bolivia, organizado por ASETT. Recoge unos documentos o testimonios de la teología india de Abya-Yala (América)

Teología india y nuevos desafios

El Episcopado latinoamericano en Santo Domingo puntualiza el tema de la "interculturación de la fé hacia nueva evangelización. En este clima y en el marco de la reflexión sobre los 500 años, representantes ecuménicos de las organizaciones de base de la Pastoral indígena desde México a Chile se han reunido en Quito entre 29 de Agosto y 6 de Septiembre. Presentamos el material recogido por la comisión encargada de la memoria.

Aporte de los pueblos indígenas de América Latina a la teología cristiana

Este folleto recoge los materiales que han salido de los grupos y de los plenarios de la Segunda Consulta Ecuménica "Aporte de los pueblos indígenas de América Latina a la Teología Cristiana", celebrada en Quito, entre los días 30 de junio y 6 de julio de 1986. No se trata de un texto oficial, elaborado por la totalidad de la asamblea.

Teología de la ecología

Hubo un tiempo distinto antes de ahora. Esta es la predicación que les toca anunciar a los profetas de hoy. La única utopía poiible es recordar el Principio. Aquel tiempo en el que Dios, el hombre y la naturaleza constituían una unidad indisoluble: fueron la Trinidad. Dios se recreaba en el alma humana y cósmica: Tenía en ellas su complacencia. La una en su misma imagen y la otra una prolongación de su espíritu, una hechura de su voluntad y anhelo.

Teología india: Primer taller latinoamericano

Memorias del Encuentro Taller de Teología India, celebrado en México del 16 al 23 de septiembre de 1990, donde plantea cuestionamientos a las formas tradicionales de entender la fe cristiana.

Job-demand for Learning and Job-related Learning: The Moderating Effect of Need For Achievement

Purpose – The purpose of the research is to examine whether need for achievement moderates the relationship between job-demand for learning and job-related learning. Design/methodology/approach – Data were obtained from 153 participants full-time. The scales for job-demand for learning and job-related learning were developed for this research, whilst the scale for need for achievement was obtained from an external source. Hierarchical regression analysis was used in testing the hypothesized moderating effects. Findings – It was found that need for achievement moderates the relationship between job-demand for learning and job-related learning. Specifically, although job-demand for learning is correlated positively to job-related learning for both the high and the low need for achievement groups, this correlation is stronger amongst the high group. Research limitations/implications – The use of a cross-sectional design in this study prohibits inferences being drawn regarding the causal relationships between job-demand for learning, need for achievement and job-related learning. Practical implications – Job-related learning can be facilitated through increasing the need for achievement by allowing employees to establish their own learning and performance goals rather than by imposing such goals on them. The redesign of jobs to create challenges for employees is an equally important practical consideration. Originality/value – This research provides a succinct view of the relationship between an external factor, job-demand for learning, and an internal motivator, need for achievement. It emphasizes the degree to which organizations can facilitate learning through design of challenging jobs, to the extent of the individuals’ motivation.

Reducing job-irrelevant bias in performance and appraisals: compliance and beyond

Job-irrelevant discrimination seems as ubiquitous as the performance appraisals in which it is commonly detected. This paper explores both compliance-based and more proactive approaches that deal with the various possible sources of discrimination in performance appraisal ratings. The suggestions lead to a code of practice for performance management in firms across cultures and national boundaries.