Niveles de vitamina d y prevalencia de d��ficit de vitamina d en mujeres postmenopáusicas mayores de 50 años en Bogotá

Objetivo: Describir los niveles de vitamina D y calcular prevalencia de d��ficit de vitamina D en mujeres postmenopáusicas mayores de 50 años que asisten a consulta de medicina general en una muestra en de la ciudad de Bogotá durante el periodo 2013-2014. Pacientes y métodos: Realizamos un estudio descriptivo para estimar el d��ficit de VD en mujeres postmenopáusicas entre 50 y 80 años en la ciudad de Bogotá y la prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D. Durante el periodo octubre 2013 a octubre 2014 se analizaron 320 muestras, se identificaron las características socio-demográficas, patológicas y la exposición a radiación ultravioleta de cada participante. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables, se estableció su asociación con el d��ficit de vitamina D su aporte estad��stico con al mismo. Resultados :El promedio de edad en la muestra fue de 61 años y el promedio de edad en la que reportaron la ultima menstruación fue a los 43 años. Con respecto a las características socio-demográficas 50% de las mujeres pertenecieron a los estratos 3 y 4, únicamente 11% de los pacientes realizaron una carrera universitaria y 73% de la mujeres fueron amas de casa. Con respecto a los niveles de vitamina D, 81% de los pacientes presentaron niveles anormales y el promedio de 25(OH)D en la población estudio fue de 19,81ng/ml. Conclusión: La prevalencia de d��ficit de vitamina D en mujeres bogotanas postmenopáusicas es significativo. Se requiere incrementar la exposición solar o dar suplencia con vitamina D para disminuir el riesgo de fracturas.

Causal relationship between obesity and vitamin D status: bi-directional mendelian randomization analysis of multiple cohorts

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with vitamin D deficiency, and both are areas of active public health concern. We explored the causality and direction of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] using genetic markers as instrumental variables (IVs) in bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We used information from 21 adult cohorts (up to 42,024 participants) with 12 BMI-related SNPs (combined in an allelic score) to produce an instrument for BMI and four SNPs associated with 25(OH)D (combined in two allelic scores, separately for genes encoding its synthesis or metabolism) as an instrument for vitamin D. Regression estimates for the IVs (allele scores) were generated within-study and pooled by meta-analysis to generate summary effects. Associations between vitamin D scores and BMI were confirmed in the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) consortium (n = 123,864). Each 1 kg/m(2) higher BMI was associated with 1.15% lower 25(OH)D (p = 6.52×10⁻²⁷). The BMI allele score was associated both with BMI (p = 6.30×10⁻⁶²) and 25(OH)D (-0.06% [95% CI -0.10 to -0.02], p = 0.004) in the cohorts that underwent meta-analysis. The two vitamin D allele scores were strongly associated with 25(OH)D (p≤8.07×10⁻⁵⁷ for both scores) but not with BMI (synthesis score, p = 0.88; metabolism score, p = 0.08) in the meta-analysis. A 10% higher genetically instrumented BMI was associated with 4.2% lower 25(OH)D concentrations (IV ratio: -4.2 [95% CI -7.1 to -1.3], p = 0.005). No association was seen for genetically instrumented 25(OH)D with BMI, a finding that was confirmed using data from the GIANT consortium (p≥0.57 for both vitamin D scores). CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of a bi-directional genetic approach that limits confounding, our study suggests that a higher BMI leads to lower 25(OH)D, while any effects of lower 25(OH)D increasing BMI are likely to be small. Population level interventions to reduce BMI are expected to decrease the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.

Measurement of B-d mixing using opposite-side flavor tagging

We report on a measurement of the B-d(0) mixing frequency and the calibration of an opposite-side flavor tagger in the D0 experiment. Various properties associated with the b quark on the opposite side of the reconstructed B meson are combined using a likelihood-ratio method into a single variable with enhanced tagging power. Its performance is tested with data, using a large sample of reconstructed semileptonic B ->mu(DX)-X-0 and B ->mu(DX)-X-* decays, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 1 fb(-1). The events are divided into groups depending on the value of the combined tagging variable, and an independent analysis is performed in each group. Combining the results of these analyses, the overall effective tagging power is found to be epsilon D-2=(2.48 +/- 0.21(-0.06)(+0.08))%. The measured B-d(0) mixing frequency Delta m(d)=0.506 +/- 0.020(stat)+/- 0.016(syst) ps(-1) is in good agreement with the world average value.

Combined D0 measurements constraining the CP-violating phase and width difference in the B-s(0) system

We combine the D0 measurement of the width difference between the light and heavy B-s(0) mass eigenstates and of the CP-violating mixing phase determined from the time-dependent angular distributions in the B-s(0)-> J/psi phi decays along with the charge asymmetry in semileptonic decays also measured with the D0 detector. With the additional constraint from the world average of the flavor-specific B-s(0) lifetime, we obtain Delta Gamma(s)equivalent to(Gamma(L)-Gamma(H))=0.13 +/- 0.09 ps(-1) and vertical bar phi(s)vertical bar=0.70(-0.47)(+0.39) or Delta Gamma(s)=-0.13 +/- 0.09 ps(-1) and vertical bar phi(s)vertical bar=2.44(-0.39)(+0.47). The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.1 fb(-1) accumulated with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider.

Study of the decay B-s(0)->(DsDs(*))-D-(*)

We report a study of the decay B-s(0)->(DsDs(*))-D-(*) using a data sample corresponding to 1.3 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity collected by the D0 experiment in 2002-2006 during run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. One D-s((*)) meson was partially reconstructed in the decay D-s ->phi mu nu, and the other D-s((*)) meson was identified using the decay D-s ->phi pi where no attempt was made to distinguish D-s and D-s(*) states. For the branching fraction Br(B-s(0)->(DsDs(*))-D-(*)) we obtain a 90% C.L. range [0.002,0.080] and central value 0.039(-0.017)(+0.019)(stat)(-0.015)(+0.016)(syst). This was subsequently used to make the most precise estimate of the width difference Delta Gamma(CP)(s) in the B-s(0)-(B)over bar(s)(0) system: Delta Gamma(CP)(s)/Gamma(s)=0.079(-0.035)(+0.038)(stat)(-0.030)(+0.031)(syst).

Measurement of semileptonic branching fractions of B mesons to narrow D-** states - art. no. 1711803

Using the data accumulated in 2002-2004 with the D0 detector in proton-antiproton collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron collider with a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV, the branching fractions of the decays B ->(D) over bar (0)(1)(2420)mu(+)nu(mu)X and B ->(D) over bar (*0)(2)(2460)mu(+)nu(mu)X and their ratio have been measured: B (b) over bar -> B)xB(B -> (D) over bar (0)(1)mu(+)nu(mu)X)xB((D) over bar (0)(1)-> D(*-)pi(+))=[0.087 +/- 0.007(stat)+/- 0.014(syst)]%; B((b) over bar -> B)xB(B ->(D) over bar (*0)(2)mu(+)nu(mu)X)xB((D) over bar (*0)(2)-> D(*-)pi(+))=[0.035 +/- 0.007(stat)+/- 0.008(syst)]% and [B(B ->(D) over bar (*0)(2)mu(+)nu(mu)X)xB((D) over bar (*0)(2)-> D(*-)pi(+))]/[B(B ->(D) over bar (0)(1)mu(+)nu(mu)X)xB((D) over bar (0)(1)-> D(*-)pi(+))]=0.39 +/- 0.09(stat)+/- 0.12(syst), where the charge conjugated states are always implied.

Evidence for the Decay B-s(0)->(DsDs(*))-D-(*) and a Measurement of Delta Gamma(CP)(s)/Gamma(s)

We search for the semi-inclusive process B-s(0)->(DsDs(*))-D-(*) using 2.8 fb(-1) of pp collisions at s=1.96 TeV recorded by the D0 detector operating at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We observe 26.6 +/- 8.4 signal events with a significance above background of 3.2 standard deviations yielding a branching ratio of B(B-s(0)->(DsDs(*))-D-(*))=0.035 +/- 0.010(stat.)+/- 0.011(syst.). Under certain theoretical assumptions, these double-charm final states saturate CP-even eigenstates in the B-s(0) decays resulting in a width difference of Delta Gamma(CP)(s)/Gamma(s)=0.072 +/- 0.021(stat.)+/- 0.022(syst.).

Search for CP violation in B-s(0) -> mu(+) D-s(-) X decays in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Identification of b-quark jets with the CMS experiment

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Cytotoxic non-aromatic B-ring flavanones from Piper carniconnectivum C. DC.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cellular Infiltrates and NF kappa B Subunit c-Rel Signaling in Kidney Allografts of Patients With Clinical Operational Tolerance

Background. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) plays a potential role in tolerance by orchestrating onset and resolution of inflammation and regulatory T cell differentiation through subunit c-Rel. We characterized cellular infiltrates and expression of NF kappa B1, c-Rel and its upstream regulators phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/RAC-alpha serine/threonine kinase, in allograft biopsies from patients with spontaneous clinical operational tolerance (COT). Methods. Paraffin-fixed kidney allograft biopsies from 40 patients with COT (n=4), interstitial rejection (IR; n=12), borderline changes (BC; n=12), and long-term allograft function without rejection (NR; n=12) were used in the study. Cellular infiltrates and immunohistochemical expression of key proteins of the NF kappa B pathway were evaluated in the cortical tubulointerstitium and in cellular infiltrates using digital image analysis software. Results were given as mean +/- SEM. Results. Biopsies from patients with COT exhibited a comparable amount of cellular infiltrate to IR, BC, and NR (COT, 191 +/- 81; IR, 291 +/- 62; BC, 178 +/- 45; and NR, 210 +/- 42 cells/mm(2)) but a significantly higher proportion of forkhead box P3-positive cells (COT, 11%+/- 1.7%; IR, 3.5%+/- 0.70%; BC, 3.4%+/- 0.57%; and NR, 3.7%+/- 0.78% of infiltrating cells; P=0.02). c-Rel expression in cellular infiltrates was significantly elevated in IR, BC, and NR when analyzing the number of positive cells per mm(2) (P=0.02) and positive cells per infiltrating cells (P=0.04). In contrast, tubular PI3K and c-Rel expression were significantly higher in IR and BC but not in NR compared with COT (P=0.03 and P=0.006, respectively). With RAC-alpha serine-threonine kinase, similar tendencies were observed (P=0.2). Conclusions. Allografts from COT patients show significant cellular infiltrates but a distinct expression of proteins involved in the NF kappa B pathway and a higher proportion of forkhead box P3-positive cells.

C. Suetonii Tranquilli Opera;

Mode of access: Internet.

Lives of Caius Asinius Pollio, Marcus Terentius Varro, and Cneius Cornelius Gallus : with notes and illustrations /

Mode of access: Internet.

Water temperature reconstructions based on paired Uk'37 and Tex86 records, and paired surface and subsurface Mg/Ca records

This dataset contains the collection of available published paired Uk'37 and Tex86 records spanning multi-millennial to multi-million year time scales, as well as a collection of Mg/Ca-derived temperatures measured in parallel on surface and subsurface dwelling foraminifera, both used in the analyses of Ho and Laepple, Nature Geoscience 2016. As the signal-to-noise ratios of proxy-derived Holocene temperatures are relatively low, we selected records that contain at least the last deglaciation (oldest sample >18kyr BP).

Pedagogías lúdicas para la paz: una mirada a las percepciones de violencia en niñas y niños de Ciudad Bolívar

En esta investigación indagué sobre la influencia del entorno en las concepciones sociales que se forma el sujeto (en este caso los niños) frente a distintas realidades y situaciones de su cotidianidad, los elementos que están presentes en sus formas de interacción más cotidianas, y hasta d��nde herramientas como la educación con enfoque lúdico y social pueden o no modificar prácticas y percepciones en el individuo. Para ello, la investigación se centra en tres conceptos claves: violencia, educación, y paz. Y hacia el final del trabajo se planta una propuesta de currículo para una educación para la paz basada en la formación de la persona social, desde el enfoque de la paz negativa.