Una grande narrazione del capitalismo: potere e scienze sociali nel pensiero politico di Daniel Bell

Questa tesi punta a ricostruire il pensiero politico di Bell tra il secondo dopoguerra e la metà degli anni Settanta. In tale arco cronologico, la riflessione politica di Bell si profila, per usare una formula di Jean-François Lyotard, come una «grande narrazione» del capitalismo. Nel complesso, cioè, l’opera di Bell appare come una storia sociologica del capitalismo, che nella fine delle ideologie registra l’apogeo del fordismo e, in seguito, ne mette in luce le trasformazioni in senso post-industriale, indagando le ricadute che tali mutamenti implicano sul piano dei rapporti di potere e della legittimazione del sistema. Nell’ottica di Bell, pertanto, il capitalismo non costituisce soltanto un sistema economico, ma la forma specifica attraverso cui si dispiega la società nel suo complesso, attivando una serie di rapporti di potere mediante i quali gli individui vengono coordinati e subordinati. Una siffatta concezione del capitalismo agisce immediatamente la questione del potere e solleva un interrogativo a esso connesso: «che cosa tiene insieme una società?». Una domanda che attraversa la traiettoria intellettuale di Bell e, sia pure declinata mediante una terminologia sociologica, riflette in realtà l’ambizione delle scienze sociali di farsi teoria politica. Esse si presentano quindi come teoria politica della modernità, nella misura in cui distinguono il potere sociale dal potere politico e, al tempo stesso, instaurano tra i due poli una tensione dialettica produttiva. Mettendo a fuoco la concettualizzazione del potere nell’opera di Bell si analizzeranno le mutazioni nel rapporto tra Stato e società negli Stati Uniti durante la Golden Age del capitalismo. In particolare, si metterà in luce nella grande narrazione di Bell l’ascesa e il declino di un ordine istituzionale che, alla metà degli anni Settanta, appare percorso da molteplici tensioni politiche e sociali che preannunciano l’avvento dell’età globale e il bisogno di una nuova “scala” di governo.

Marx Illusion

With “Marx Illusion”, Claudiu Coman recalls sociology - this science of analytic and methodological strictness - to its uncorrupted philosophical dignity. Not only the theorization - that is the seduction of quality essay, Claudiu Coman demonstrating here a single ability - but the philosophy itself: a science, if we want, but as a way of cognitive enclosure of the beings of the world, firstly of those who make the world possible, but of the transcendent world that transcends them making possible - as a 20th century scientist would say - the man’s connection to an existence that is not his own, but that identifies itself with the difference. Being in the world - M. Heidegger writes (in 1928, after the apparition of the work “The Being and Time”) - it is specific only to the man - and here within the Territory of Existence I have the impression that philosophy and sociology responded together. However, working together with philosophy, the sociology extends enveloping the “world less” beings, too. These things would already been in the world as “direct” things (“handy”) being caught by the man by referring to them in the world itself.

Perceptions of Social Mobility in Community College Scholars at Bucknell University

While national leaders have joined the discussion more recently, scholars in the fields of education, psychology, and sociology, have been exploring the ways in which students? socioeconomic background affects the outcomes they experience as a result of their education (Lareau, Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life, 2003).Furthermore, the role played by the education system in creating or diminishing socioeconomic disparity has also been studied in depth (Bourdieu, 1977; Boudon, 1977). However, the journeys of students from low-income families that begin their education at community colleges and continue it, through careful planning or chance, at elite four-year institutions, has not been the subject of much attention. This thesis explores these students? perceptions of social mobility as they have been shaped by their experiences so far in life. This includes the exploration of changes in their perceptions as the contexts for their lives have been changed. Quantitative analysis of survey results and qualitative analysis of participant interviews serve as the data set for this study. The implications ofthe findings for student affairs practitioners are also explored.

Social Representations of Politics

Cezary Trutkowski (Poland). Social representations of Politics. Mr. Trutkowski is an assistant in the Institute for Social Research of the University of Warsaw and worked on this research from August 1997 to July 1999. Research into social representations requires the use of various methods to show the phenomenon from different angles. In contrast with the contemporary trend towards the measurement of attitudes in opinion surveys, Trutkowski examined social representations of politics in order to study the problem of political participation. He thus aimed to study a problem which he sees as social in nature from a really sociological perspective. His research revealed a very distinctive difference between the social representations of politics shared by politicians and by the general public. The former consider politics in general as struggle for power which can be used to pursue their own vision of social order. They perceive political activity as a kind of homage to be paid to the greater idea that they pursue. At the same time, politicians admitted that politics is very often treated by political actors as a means of gaining personal profit, becoming purely a fight for the power to rule. According to voters, politicians should be treated as employees on a contract, the duration of which depends on their performance. Politics is therefore not a homage to an idea but a service to citizens. They did however admit that this is wishful thinking in Poland today. A content analysis of electoral campaigns confirmed the dark side of the representation of politics: politicians spend the campaign making promises and presenting visions on television, and quarrelling and fighting in everyday activities that were reported by the press. Trutkowski sees his research as a contribution to the foundations of a new approach to studying mass phenomena. By reviving some forgotten ideas of Durkheim and the Chicago School and incorporating the theory of social representations with a new methodological programme, he believes that it is possible to build a more social social psychology and sociology.

Past is Prologue: Montana’s Historic Women’s Movement Re-emerges in the Progressive 1970s -- Dorothy Bradley, Marilyn Wessel & Jane Jelinski “In the Crucible of Change”

One-hundred years ago, in 1914, male voters in Montana (MT) extended suffrage (voting rights) to women six years before the 19th Amendment to the US Constitution was ratified and provided that right to women in all states. The long struggle for women’s suffrage was energized in the progressive era and Jeanette Rankin of Missoula emerged as a leader of the campaign; in 1912 both major MT political party platforms supported women suffrage. In the 1914 election, 41,000 male voters supported woman suffrage while nearly 38,000 opposed it. MT was not only ahead of the curve on women suffrage, but just two years later in 1916 elected Jeanette Rankin as the first woman ever elected to the United States Congress. Rankin became a national leader for women's equality. In her commitment to equality, she opposed US entry into World War I, partially because she said she could not support men being made to go to war if women were not allowed to serve alongside them. During MT’s initial progressive era, women in MT not only pursued equality for themselves (the MT Legislature passed an equal pay act in 1919), but pursued other social improvements, such as temperance/prohibition. Well-known national women leaders such as Carrie Nation and others found a welcome in MT during the period. Women's role in the trade union movement was evidenced in MT by the creation of the Women's Protective Union in Butte, the first union in America dedicated solely to women workers. But Rankin’s defeat following her vote against World War I was used as a way for opponents to advocate a conservative, traditionalist perspective on women's rights in MT. Just as we then entered a period in MT where the “copper collar” was tightened around MT economically and politically by the Anaconda Company and its allies, we also found a different kind of conservative, traditionalist collar tightened around the necks of MT women. The recognition of women's role during World War II, represented by “Rosie the Riveter,” made it more difficult for that conservative, traditionalist approach to be forever maintained. In addition, women's role in MT agriculture – family farms and ranches -- spoke strongly to the concept of equality, as farm wives were clearly active partners in the agricultural enterprises. But rural MT was, by and large, the bastion of conservative values relative to the position of women in society. As the period of “In the Crucible of Change” began, the 1965 MT Legislature included only three women. In 1967 and 1969 only one woman legislator served. In 1971 the number went up to two, including one of our guests, Dorothy Bradley. It was only after the Constitutional Convention, which featured 19 women delegates, that the barrier was broken. The 1973 Legislature saw 9 women elected. The 1975 and 1977 sessions had 14 women legislators; 15 were elected for the 1979 session. At that time progressive women and men in the Legislature helped implement the equality provisions of the new MT Constitution, ratified the federal Equal Rights Amendment in 1974, and held back national and local conservatives forces which sought in later Legislatures to repeal that ratification. As with the national movement at the time, MT women sought and often succeeded in adopting legal mechanisms that protected women’s equality, while full equality in the external world remained (and remains) a treasured objective. The story of the re-emergence of Montana’s women’s movement in the 1970s is discussed in this chapter by three very successful and prominent women who were directly involved in the effort: Dorothy Bradley, Marilyn Wessel, and Jane Jelinski. Their recollections of the political, sociological and cultural path Montana women pursued in the 1970s and the challenges and opposition they faced provide an insider’s perspective of the battle for equality for women under the Big Sky “In the Crucible of Change.” Dorothy Bradley grew up in Bozeman, Montana; received her Bachelor of Arts Phi Beta Kappa from Colorado College, Colorado Springs, in 1969 with a Distinction in Anthropology; and her Juris Doctor from American University in Washington, D.C., in 1983. In 1970, at the age of 22, following the first Earth Day and running on an environmental platform, Ms. Bradley won a seat in the 1971 Montana House of Representatives where she served as the youngest member and only woman. Bradley established a record of achievement on environmental & progressive legislation for four terms, before giving up the seat to run a strong second to Pat Williams for the Democratic nomination for an open seat in Montana’s Western Congressional District. After becoming an attorney and an expert on water law, she returned to the Legislature for 4 more terms in the mid-to-late 1980s. Serving a total of eight terms, Dorothy was known for her leadership on natural resources, tax reform, economic development, and other difficult issues during which time she gained recognition for her consensus-building approach. Campaigning by riding her horse across the state, Dorothy was the Democratic nominee for Governor in 1992, losing the race by less than a percentage point. In 1993 she briefly taught at a small rural school next to the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation. She was then hired as the Director of the Montana University System Water Center, an education and research arm of Montana State University. From 2000 - 2008 she served as the first Gallatin County Court Administrator with the task of collaboratively redesigning the criminal justice system. She currently serves on One Montana’s Board, is a National Advisor for the American Prairie Foundation, and is on NorthWestern Energy’s Board of Directors. Dorothy was recognized with an Honorary Doctorate from her alma mater, Colorado College, was named Business Woman of the Year by the Bozeman Chamber of Commerce and MSU Alumni Association, and was Montana Business and Professional Women’s Montana Woman of Achievement. Marilyn Wessel was born in Iowa, lived and worked in Los Angeles, California, and Washington, D.C. before moving to Bozeman in 1972. She has an undergraduate degree in journalism from Iowa State University, graduate degree in public administration from Montana State University, certification from the Harvard University Institute for Education Management, and served a senior internship with the U.S. Congress, Montana delegation. In Montana Marilyn has served in a number of professional positions, including part-time editor for the Montana Cooperative Extension Service, News Director for KBMN Radio, Special Assistant to the President and Director of Communications at Montana State University, Director of University Relations at Montana State University and Dean and Director of the Museum of the Rockies at MSU. Marilyn retired from MSU as Dean Emeritus in 2003. Her past Board Service includes Montana State Merit System Council, Montana Ambassadors, Vigilante Theater Company, Montana State Commission on Practice, Museum of the Rockies, Helena Branch of the Ninth District Federal Reserve Bank, Burton K. Wheeler Center for Public Policy, Bozeman Chamber of Commerce, and Friends of KUSM Public Television. Marilyn’s past publications and productions include several articles on communications and public administration issues as well as research, script preparation and presentation of several radio documentaries and several public television programs. She is co-author of one book, 4-H An American Idea: A History of 4-H. Marilyn’s other past volunteer activities and organizations include Business and Professional Women, Women's Political Caucus, League of Women Voters, and numerous political campaigns. She is currently engaged professionally in museum-related consulting and part-time teaching at Montana State University as well as serving on the Editorial Board of the Bozeman Daily Chronicle and a member of Pilgrim Congregational Church and Family Promise. Marilyn and her husband Tom, a retired MSU professor, live in Bozeman. She enjoys time with her children and grandchildren, hiking, golf, Italian studies, cooking, gardening and travel. Jane Jelinski is a Wisconsin native, with a BA from Fontbonne College in St. Louis, MO who taught fifth and seventh grades prior to moving to Bozeman in 1973. A stay-at-home mom with a five year old daughter and an infant son, she was promptly recruited by the Gallatin Women’s Political Caucus to conduct a study of Sex-Role Stereotyping in K Through 6 Reading Text Books in the Bozeman School District. Sociologist Dr. Louise Hale designed the study and did the statistical analysis and Jane read all the texts, entered the data and wrote the report. It was widely disseminated across Montana and received attention of the press. Her next venture into community activism was to lead the successful effort to downzone her neighborhood which was under threat of encroaching business development. Today the neighborhood enjoys the protections of a Historic Preservation District. During this time she earned her MPA from Montana State University. Subsequently Jane founded the Gallatin Advocacy Program for Developmentally Disabled Adults in 1978 and served as its Executive Director until her appointment to the Gallatin County Commission in 1984, a controversial appointment which she chronicled in the Fall issue of the Gallatin History Museum Quarterly. Copies of the issue can be ordered through: http://gallatinhistorymuseum.org/the-museum-bookstore/shop/. Jane was re-elected three times as County Commissioner, serving fourteen years. She was active in the Montana Association of Counties (MACO) and was elected its President in 1994. She was also active in the National Association of Counties, serving on numerous policy committees. In 1998 Jane resigned from the County Commission 6 months before the end of her final term to accept the position of Assistant Director of MACO, from where she lobbied for counties, provided training and research for county officials, and published a monthly newsletter. In 2001 she became Director of the MSU Local Government Center where she continued to provide training and research for county and municipal officials across MT. There she initiated the Montana Mayors Academy in partnership with MMIA. She taught State and Local Government, Montana Politics and Public Administration in the MSU Political Science Department before retiring in 2008. Jane has been married to Jack for 46 years, has two grown children and three grandchildren.

Das Verhältnis zwischen Urheberrecht und Wissenschaft: Auf die Perspektive kommt es an!

Since the advent of digital network technologies, copyright has become a highly contentious political matter. This is also true in the area of scientific works and the scholarly communication system in general. However, whether the relationship between copyright and scholarship is considered problematic and which, if any, alternative approaches to the current system are preferred, depends upon the perspective. In that regard, the article distinguishes a copyright perspective from a perspective that takes as its starting point the philosophy and sociology of science. The article shows that only the latter, scientific perspective is capable of explaining and adequately regulating the current, fundamental change taking place in the scholarly communication system.

Der Körper als Gefäß. Eine Studie zur visuellen Anthropologie des Alten Orients

The perception of the human body as container is widespread in cognitive linguistics, psychology and anthropology and is estimated to be universal. But what can we say about the specific context of the Hebrew Bible as well as Ancient-Near-Eastern texts and material culture, and more especially about anthropomorphic vessels in the Levant? Biblical, Egyptian and Mesopotamian texts compare the human body with pottery in order to emphasize its status of having been created (Geschöpflichkeit) on the one hand, and its fragility (Zerbrechlichkeit) on the other. Not in every case does the metaphor refer to an individual. Very often, however, it is used with relation to groups of people (nations) and requires particular caution when it comes to drawing a conclusion about the embodiment. The archaeological-iconographic record demonstrates that the human body, especially the female body, was imagined as a container. The fact that vessels in the shape of female bodies are the majority can partly be explained with the association between container and pregnancy. This essay aims at stimulating the discussion about embodiment in the Ancient Near East, concepts of emotion the body as a container in the Hebrew Bible, and its relation to the material culture.

Eine sozialtopographische Analyse der Wohngebiete von Nuzi

The archaeological evidence from Late Bronze Age Nuzi has ever since the publication of R.F.S. Starr’s final report in 1939 experienced few attention, leaving the interpretation of the inner structure of this extraordinarily extensively excavated settlement to a thriving philological research. This paper presents a macroscopic spatial analysis of mobile inventories in the domestic areas. Based on the comparison with stationary installations and the formal architectural structure a revised socio-topography is proposed. The combination with the evidence from the investigations of the private archives elucidates the great potential for the consideration of multiple approaches in the future research on the function, meaning and sociology of spaces in Near Eastern Archaeology.

Una contribución a la sociología contemporánea : revisitando "La sociedad cortesana" de Norbert Elías

El siguiente artículo reflexiona sobre la obra de Norbert Elías en torno a la sociedad cortesana. La elección del texto se hizo considerando que el mismo conjuga un detallado trabajo de investigación sociológica con la propuesta teórica-metodológica del autor. Allí, aborda la relación entre historia y sociología, la crítica al paradigma funcionalista y la propuesta de una "sociología figuracionista". La intensión reside en comprender cómo realizar una investigación social en la que las posiciones de los sujetos se enlazan en redes de relaciones de interdependencias, evitando la escisión entre estructura y sujeto. Finalmente se valora el aporte de Elías en función del análisis complejo de las sociedades contemporáneas.

De los Códigos a los Repertorios : Algunos atavismos persistentes acerca de la cultura y una propuesta de reformulación

Los debates antropológicos en torno del concepto de cultura han suscitado una serie de refinamientos que supusieron una revitalización y una reconstrucción de esta noción central para las ciencias sociales. Sin embargo, en virtud del peso sedimentado de una doble tradición de raigambre gramática y jurídica, varios de los atributos puestos en cuestión por la crítica antropológica persisten en la ubicua noción de "código", que reintroduce de contrabando una versión anacrónica del concepto de cultura con efectos deletéreos para la investigación en ciencias sociales. Sobre esa base, el presente texto busca mostrar en qué circunstancias, por qué causas y de qué manera esta pervivencia del concepto clásico de cultura subsiste en la antropología contemporánea, al tiempo que propone el reemplazo de esta atávica noción de código por medio de un aparato conceptual y un léxico analítico-descriptivo que busca hacer justicia a los resultados acumulados de tres décadas de debate

Fricciones entre pedagogía y sociología en el Uruguay : Una (re)lectura desde el magisterio de Emile Durkheim

En el siguiente artículo pretendemos dar cuenta de algunos aspectos que contribuyen a pensar la forma de constitución de un campo pedagógico. Proponemos hacer esto mediante un recorrido que permita explicitar las diferentes formas de relación entre dos disciplinas que toman a la educación como objeto: la sociología y la pedagogía. Para esto vamos a realizar un análisis histórico que va a tomar como referencia tres momentos en el desarrollo de las investigaciones en educación a lo largo del siglo XX. En cada uno de estos momentos podremos ver formas de articulación diferente entre las disciplinas. Posteriormente, la idea es avanzar en el análisis de cómo se produjo este proceso en el caso del Uruguay, analizando finalmente cómo esta articulación se trasunta en el diseño de dos políticas educativas: Las Escuelas de Tiempo Completo (ETC) y el Programa de Maestros Comunitarios (PMC).

Propuestas desde la antropología para el abordaje de las dimensiones socio-culturales del cuerpo : Un aporte al debate Educación Física / Educación Corporal

El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un aporte desde la Antropología socio-cultural al debate que se está dando entre Educación Física y Educación Corporal. Dado el énfasis de esta última perspectiva por incluir en sus prácticas la consideración de que el cuerpo no es asimilable al organismo biológico y que es indisoluble de los contextos socio-culturales, haré referencia a la noción contemporánea de cultura y a los debates que se han dado en la Antropología acerca de la distinción entre naturaleza y cultura. Junto con este problema, y haciéndome eco del interés actual en el campo de la Educación Corporal por analizar las diferencias entre las nociones de organismo y de cuerpo, y sus implicancias en las prácticas de las profesoras y los profesores del área, revisaré las conceptualizaciones socio-antropológicas sobre el cuerpo, distinguiendo diferentes líneas de abordaje sobre lo corporal. Para ejemplificar esta problemática, haré referencia a la concepción pionera de Marcel Mauss de "técnicas corporales"

De los Códigos a los Repertorios : Algunos atavismos persistentes acerca de la cultura y una propuesta de reformulación

Los debates antropológicos en torno del concepto de cultura han suscitado una serie de refinamientos que supusieron una revitalización y una reconstrucción de esta noción central para las ciencias sociales. Sin embargo, en virtud del peso sedimentado de una doble tradición de raigambre gramática y jurídica, varios de los atributos puestos en cuestión por la crítica antropológica persisten en la ubicua noción de "código", que reintroduce de contrabando una versión anacrónica del concepto de cultura con efectos deletéreos para la investigación en ciencias sociales. Sobre esa base, el presente texto busca mostrar en qué circunstancias, por qué causas y de qué manera esta pervivencia del concepto clásico de cultura subsiste en la antropología contemporánea, al tiempo que propone el reemplazo de esta atávica noción de código por medio de un aparato conceptual y un léxico analítico-descriptivo que busca hacer justicia a los resultados acumulados de tres décadas de debate

Fricciones entre pedagogía y sociología en el Uruguay : Una (re)lectura desde el magisterio de Emile Durkheim

En el siguiente artículo pretendemos dar cuenta de algunos aspectos que contribuyen a pensar la forma de constitución de un campo pedagógico. Proponemos hacer esto mediante un recorrido que permita explicitar las diferentes formas de relación entre dos disciplinas que toman a la educación como objeto: la sociología y la pedagogía. Para esto vamos a realizar un análisis histórico que va a tomar como referencia tres momentos en el desarrollo de las investigaciones en educación a lo largo del siglo XX. En cada uno de estos momentos podremos ver formas de articulación diferente entre las disciplinas. Posteriormente, la idea es avanzar en el análisis de cómo se produjo este proceso en el caso del Uruguay, analizando finalmente cómo esta articulación se trasunta en el diseño de dos políticas educativas: Las Escuelas de Tiempo Completo (ETC) y el Programa de Maestros Comunitarios (PMC).

Propuestas desde la antropología para el abordaje de las dimensiones socio-culturales del cuerpo : Un aporte al debate Educación Física / Educación Corporal

El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un aporte desde la Antropología socio-cultural al debate que se está dando entre Educación Física y Educación Corporal. Dado el énfasis de esta última perspectiva por incluir en sus prácticas la consideración de que el cuerpo no es asimilable al organismo biológico y que es indisoluble de los contextos socio-culturales, haré referencia a la noción contemporánea de cultura y a los debates que se han dado en la Antropología acerca de la distinción entre naturaleza y cultura. Junto con este problema, y haciéndome eco del interés actual en el campo de la Educación Corporal por analizar las diferencias entre las nociones de organismo y de cuerpo, y sus implicancias en las prácticas de las profesoras y los profesores del área, revisaré las conceptualizaciones socio-antropológicas sobre el cuerpo, distinguiendo diferentes líneas de abordaje sobre lo corporal. Para ejemplificar esta problemática, haré referencia a la concepción pionera de Marcel Mauss de "técnicas corporales"