Characterizing Overall Response to Two-shot Vaccination for BVDV Type 2 in Angus Weanling Calves

Vaccination is a management strategy utilized to help reduce prevalence of bovine respiratory disease in feedlots. However, not all animals respond similarly to vaccinations. It is believed that an animal’s genetics control part of the ability to respond to a vaccination protocol. In order to evaluate the genetic control of a new trait such as response to vaccination, it is important to understand the non-genetic factors that affect an animal’s response to vaccination. The objective of this study was to characterize the non-genetic factors affecting overall response to a two-shot vaccination for bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 (BVDV2) in Angus weanling calves.

Whole Genome Analysis of Pinkeye Scores in Angus Cattle

Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), known as pinkeye, is a common infectious disease affecting the eyes of cattle. It is characterized by excessive tearing, inflammation of the conjunctiva, and ulceration of the cornea. Although pinkeye is non-fatal, it has a marked economic impact on the cattle industry, due to the decreased performance of infected individuals. Genetic effects on the susceptibility of IBK have been studied and Hereford, Jersey, and Holstein breeds were found to be more susceptible to IBK than Bos Indicus breeds. The objectives of our study were: 1) to estimate genetic parameters of IBK scored in different categories by using genomic threshold model, and 2) to detect markers in linkage disequilibrium with quantitative tract loci (QTL) associated with IBK.

Pressoes e oposiçoes contra pequenos criadores familiares de gado bovino leiteiro da zona periurbana do Município de Castanhal (Pará, Brasil - Amazônia Oriental)

It is analyzed, in this paper, the conflicts involving a family of small dairy cattle breeders, faced with the opposition of society and restrictions imposed by the local authorities, against the livestock grazing on public lands in peri-urban zone of a medium-sized Amazonian city. The case study employed participant observation, interviews and document research. Despite the subordinate position occupied by the focused group in the credibility hierarchy of versions issued on the conflict, the group maintains a resistance conduct, based both in the need for sustenance, and in an attempt to preserve a way of life cherished by its members

Pressoes e oposiçoes contra pequenos criadores familiares de gado bovino leiteiro da zona periurbana do Município de Castanhal (Pará, Brasil - Amazônia Oriental)

It is analyzed, in this paper, the conflicts involving a family of small dairy cattle breeders, faced with the opposition of society and restrictions imposed by the local authorities, against the livestock grazing on public lands in peri-urban zone of a medium-sized Amazonian city. The case study employed participant observation, interviews and document research. Despite the subordinate position occupied by the focused group in the credibility hierarchy of versions issued on the conflict, the group maintains a resistance conduct, based both in the need for sustenance, and in an attempt to preserve a way of life cherished by its members

Pressoes e oposiçoes contra pequenos criadores familiares de gado bovino leiteiro da zona periurbana do Município de Castanhal (Pará, Brasil - Amazônia Oriental)

It is analyzed, in this paper, the conflicts involving a family of small dairy cattle breeders, faced with the opposition of society and restrictions imposed by the local authorities, against the livestock grazing on public lands in peri-urban zone of a medium-sized Amazonian city. The case study employed participant observation, interviews and document research. Despite the subordinate position occupied by the focused group in the credibility hierarchy of versions issued on the conflict, the group maintains a resistance conduct, based both in the need for sustenance, and in an attempt to preserve a way of life cherished by its members

Pressoes e oposiçoes contra pequenos criadores familiares de gado bovino leiteiro da zona periurbana do Município de Castanhal (Pará, Brasil - Amazônia Oriental)

It is analyzed, in this paper, the conflicts involving a family of small dairy cattle breeders, faced with the opposition of society and restrictions imposed by the local authorities, against the livestock grazing on public lands in peri-urban zone of a medium-sized Amazonian city. The case study employed participant observation, interviews and document research. Despite the subordinate position occupied by the focused group in the credibility hierarchy of versions issued on the conflict, the group maintains a resistance conduct, based both in the need for sustenance, and in an attempt to preserve a way of life cherished by its members

Detecção e caracterização moleculares de Picobirnavirus bovino na região centro-sul do Brasil

Picobirnavirus (PBV) pertencem à família Picobirnaviridae, divididos em duas espécies Human Picobirnavirus e Rabbit Picobirnavirus. São pequenos vírus constituídos de genoma bissegmentado de cadeia dupla de RNA (dsRNA), não envelopados, com capsídeo de simetria icosaédrica, sendo divididos em dois genogrupos, GI e GII. Já foram detectados em fezes humanas e de uma ampla gama de espécies animais, com ou sem sinais diarreicos, sendo considerados agentes emergentes e oportunistas, e seu potencial zoonótico foi sugerido. Entretanto, os estudos epidemiológicos e moleculares de PBV em bovinos são raros na literatura nacional e internacional. Devido à carência de dados a respeito de PBV em bovinos, o presente estudo foi realizado objetivando-se a detecção e caracterização moleculares de cepas de PVB bovinos dos genogrupos GI e GII em amostras fecais de bovinos com ou sem sintomatologia diarreica de diferentes idades e regiões do Brasil. O estudo foi conduzido a partir de 77 animais, obtendo-se 18 (23,3%) amostras positivas para GI, compreendendo animais provenientes dos estados de São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Goiás. Não foram detectadas amostras positivas para GII. A identidade nucleotídica das amostras obtidas apresentou média de 67,4% quando comparadas uma com as outras e de até 83,77% quando comparadas com amostras de PBV de referência. Na reconstrução filogenética, três amostras agruparam-se em clado de PVB humano e somente uma agrupou-se em clado de PVB bovino. Em síntese, os resultados obtidos indicam, de maneira inédita, a circulação de PVB bovino pertencente ao genogrupo GI em diferentes estados brasileiros, com perfis filogenéticos heterogêneos.

Herramientas innovadoras en el diagnóstico del síndrome respiratorio bovino (SRB)

A pesar de todos los avances realizados en las últimas décadas en el conocimiento sobre numerosos aspectos del Síndrome Respiratorio Bovino (SRB), entre los que se encuentran los factores de riesgo, la etiopatogenia, las características de los agentes causales, el diagnóstico, la terapéutica o la profilaxis y sus efectos globales, el SRB continúa siendo la enfermedad de mayor impacto económico en el ganado vacuno de cebo. Además, parece que tanto su incidencia como las pérdidas que origina siguen estables en los cebaderos de todo el mundo desde hace varias décadas. Sus principales características indican que debemos considerar que es una enfermedad de difícil control dado su carácter multifactorial y con la que, por tanto, debemos acostumbrarnos a convivir aunque aspirando a minimizar tanto su incidencia, como la gravedad de sus consecuencias. Por otro lado, aunque existen muchas técnicas diagnósticas a nuestra disposición, aún no se puede decir que exista una técnica de referencia o “gold standard” para el diagnóstico del SRB, y mucho menos una técnica estandarizada para su diagnóstico precoz. Establecer y estandarizar protocolos para la detección de grupos de animales en riesgo y su monitorización más intensa en fases posteriores del cebo para reducir el consumo de antibióticos de uso preventivo o metafiláctico es de gran interés. Hasta ahora, este tipo de estrategias se han basado en la detección de evidencias de contacto con gérmenes patógenos pulmonares (principalmente análisis de serología). Sin embargo, no debemos olvidar que la identificación de un agente patógeno en ausencia de una lesión y/o signos clínicos atribuibles al mismo, tan sólo es indicativa de contacto previo (no de padecimiento de un proceso de enfermedad) y que, por otro lado, la mayoría de los agentes microbiológicos ligados al SRB son comensales habituales de las vías respiratorias altas. De modo que la identificación de un agente sólo prueba enfermedad si se diagnostica junto con los signos clínicos compatibles de enfermedad y la lesión...