El Oasis. Un modelo de enriquecimiento para el desarrollo del talento.

Monográfico con el título: Alta habilidad. Superdotación y talento. Resumen tomado de la publicación

El rendimiento académico en la Universidad de Cantabria : abandono y retraso en los estudios.

Conocer el rendimiento académico del alumnado, determinar el grado de dificultad de las distintas carreras a través del rendimiento global y comparar el rendimiento observado en esta Universidad con el de otras españolas y extranjeras. Establecer relaciones entre el rendimiento académico y otras variables como el sexo, la edad, lugar de nacimiento, domicilio familiar, estudios y profesión paterna, forma de ingreso, tipo y clase de matrícula, nota de COU y Selectividad. Estudio descriptivo y fundamentalmente cuantitativo, variables: personales, familiares, condiciones de ingreso, datos académicos, rendimiento global, duración de los estudios y nota obtenida en la licenciatura y especialidad. Datos obtenidos mediante el seguimiento de ciertas cohortes de alumnos. Expedientes académicos. Impresos de matrícula. Índices descriptivos: porcentajes, medias y desviaciones típicas. Prueba de Chi cuadrado para cruzar la variable rendimiento global con las demás. Coeficiente de contingencia. 1.- Un equilibrio entre hombres y mujeres, existen diferencias entre Centros; 2.- La mayor parte empiezan los estudios con menos de 20 años y como continuación a sus estudios medios; 3.- La mayoría son de la Autonomía y tienen su domicilio familiar en la misma; 4.- Predominan en los padres los estudios primarios y el status profesional medio y bajo; 5.- El tiempo empleado para la carrera supera el previsto. Rendimiento global: 1.- Tasa de abandonos alta; 2.- Un mayor rendimiento así como un mayor número de cambios y de traslados en las Facultades que en las Escuelas; 3.- Mayor número de abandonos en las Escuelas. Asociaciones entre variables: 1.- Facultades: forma de ingreso y edad mayor relación con el rendimiento académico, también relaciones entre la regularidad académica, domicilio familiar y notas de COU y Selectividad; 2.- En las Escuelas: relaciones entre la regularidad académica y las variables personales y académicas.

La lectoescritura en mi praxis docente (con o sin caducidad)

Se diserta de c??mo el m??todo sil??bico podr??a valer como m??todo base para el alumnado que presenta dificultades en la diferenciaci??n de las letras por problemas, a veces, de tipo org??nico, siempre que sea combinado con otros m??todos. La discriminaci??n fon??tica y los grafemas correspondientes deben ir de la mano. M??s tarde, la construcci??n de frases y el an??lisis de las mismas consolidar??n los conocimientos adquiridos (m??todos globales), pero no sin antes, trabajando la identificaci??n de las s??labas en series de palabras de menos a m??s dificultad y no a la inversa, pues ralentizar??a en demas??a, el desarrollo de los aprendizajes.

Desempenhos e comportamentos de uma criança autista em contexto de Jardim de Infância

Este projeto de observação/intervenção centrou-se no estudo de uma criança de cinco anos com Necessidades Educativas Especiais (NEE), padecendo de Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo (PEA), apresentado, neste estudo, com o nome fictício “Rodrigo”, que frequenta o jardim de infância, tendo sido analisada a temática do autismo numa perspetiva inclusiva. O fato de ser uma criança autista influencia a sua atitude perante o grupo em que se encontra inserido, dado que os seus comportamentos estão condicionados por diversos aspetos, tais como: défice e atenção; dificuldades na área da comunicação e interação com os seus pares; o fato de não ser autónomo no que diz respeito à concretização das atividades escolares. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar desempenhos e comportamentos do “Rodrigo” perante algumas atividades. Estas atividades foram diversificadas, procurando alterar-se a estratégia em cada uma delas. Iniciou-se com uma intervenção mais dirigida ao grupo, seguindo-se uma intervenção mais individualizada, no sentido de, assim, poder incluir o “Rodrigo” na dinâmica da sala de aula. O “Rodrigo”, de uma forma geral, correspondeu às atividades propostas, no entanto, por vezes, manifestava as suas estereotipias. Nas atividades que incluía só um ou dois colegas, verificou-se alguma interação, pelo menos na tentativa de compreender o pretendido da atividade. Nas atividades em que a participação foi com todo o grupo, o “Rodrigo” alheou-se constantemente. Para se promover, nas nossas escolas de ensino regular, uma tipologia de escola inclusiva, seria necessário que existissem alterações, quer ao nível das instituições e na organização da sala de aula, quer na atitude e prática pedagógica do professor, para, assim, se poder ter acesso a uma melhoria no processo de aprendizagem.

La ciudad colonial andina en los ojos de Guamán Poma de Ayala (Estudios)

En su célebre Nueva Corónica y Buen Gobierno, Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala dejó estampada una visión propia del urbanismo colonial. El autor de este estudio realiza un análisis tanto del texto escrito como de los dibujos que el cronista indígena compuso, con el fin de mostrar que ellos traducen una compleja y rica combinación de descripción de la red urbana realmente existente a inicios del siglo XVII, con una serie de ideales de ordenamiento espacial, urbanístico y geográfico, propio de los imaginarios andinos. Así, el orden de las calles y plazas en damero, con la iglesia en el centro, se combina con la afirmación de jerarquías de la red de lugares centrales del mundo prehispánico.

Reinventando jerarquías: la ficcionalización del autor en el frontispicio de la Nueva coronica / buen gobierno de Guamán Poma de Ayala (Estudios)

Incluye ilustraciones

Use of airborne remote sensing to detect riverside Brassica rapa to aid in risk assessment of transgenic crops

High resolution descriptions of plant distribution have utility for many ecological applications but are especially useful for predictive modelling of gene flow from transgenic crops. Difficulty lies in the extrapolation errors that occur when limited ground survey data are scaled up to the landscape or national level. This problem is epitomized by the wide confidence limits generated in a previous attempt to describe the national abundance of riverside Brassica rapa (a wild relative of cultivated rapeseed) across the United Kingdom. Here, we assess the value of airborne remote sensing to locate B. rapa over large areas and so reduce the need for extrapolation. We describe results from flights over the river Nene in England acquired using Airborne Thematic Mapper (ATM) and Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) imagery, together with ground truth data. It proved possible to detect 97% of flowering B. rapa on the basis of spectral profiles. This included all stands of plants that occupied >2m square (>5 plants), which were detected using single-pixel classification. It also included very small populations (<5 flowering plants, 1-2m square) that generated mixed pixels, which were detected using spectral unmixing. The high detection accuracy for flowering B. rapa was coupled with a rather large false positive rate (43%). The latter could be reduced by using the image detections to target fieldwork to confirm species identity, or by acquiring additional remote sensing data such as laser altimetry or multitemporal imagery.

Effects of a non-chemical nematicide combined with soil solarization for the control of root-knot nematodes

The effectiveness of a formulated bio-nematicide product containing lyophilized bacteria spores of Bacillus firmus was evaluated against root-knot nematodes (RKN) in greenhouse and field experiments. A decrease of second stage juveniles hatching from eggs was recorded by using the bio-nematicide at a dose of 0.9 g kg(-1) of soil while further a decrease was recorded by doubling the dose. However, the mortality rate decreased as the inoculurn level increased. Exposure of either second stage juveniles or egg masses to temperatures of 35-40 degrees C for 1-4 weeks had a marked effect on their survival. In a field experiment, the bio-nematicide was evaluated for its potential to control RKN either as a stand-alone method or in combination with soil solarization. The latter was tested for 15-30 days and the bionematicide was applied just before soil coverage with the plastic sheet or just after its removal. Soil solarization either for 15-30 days provided satisfactory control of RKN. The combination of soil solarization with the bio-nematicide improved nematode control and gave results similar to the chemical treatment. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Systemic and persistent effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) formulations against root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne javanica and their storage life

Neem leaves, neem cake (a by-product left after the extraction of oil from neem seed) and a commercially refined product aza (azadirachtin) extracted from seed were evaluated. Aqueous extracts of crude neem formulations used as a seedling dip treatment significantly reduced the number of females and egg masses in roots whereas the refined one did not. A split-root technique was used to demonstrate the translocation of active compounds within a plant and their subsequent effect on the development of nematodes. When applied to the root portion all formulations significantly reduced the number of egg masses and eggs per egg mass. Whereas on the untreated root portion, neem cake at 3% w/w and aza at 0.1% w/w significantly reduced the number of egg masses as compared with neem leaves at 3% w/w, aza at 0.05% and control. All the neern formulations significantly reduced the number of eggs per egg mass on' the untreated root portion. The effect of neem leaves and cake on the development of root-knot nematodes was tested at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 16 weeks after their application to soil. Even after 16 weeks all the treatments significantly reduced the galling index and number of egg masses but their effectiveness declined over time. After storing neem leaves, cake and aza for 8 months under ambient conditions the efficacy of neem leaves and aza, against root-knot nematodes, remained stable whereas that of cake declined. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Body mass, territory size and life history tactics in a socially monogamous canid, the red fox Vulpes vulpes

Male-biased sexual size dimorphism is typical of polygynous mammals, where the degree of dimorphism in body mass is related to male intrasexual competition and the degree of polygyny. However, the importance of body mass in monogamous mammals is largely unknown. We investigated the effect of body mass on life-history parameters and territory size in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), a socially monogamous canid with slight sexual dimorphism. Increased body size in males appeared to confer an advantage in territory acquisition and defense contests because heavier males held larger territories and exerted a greater boundary pressure on smaller neighbors. Heavier male foxes invested more effort in searching for extrapair matings by moving over a wider area and farther from their territories, leading to greater reproductive success. Males that sired cubs outside their own social group appeared to be heavier than males that only sired cubs within their social group or that were cuckolded, but our results should be treated with caution because sample sizes were small. Territory size, boundary pressure, and paternity success were not related to age of males. In comparison, body mass of females was not related to territory size, probability of breeding, litter size, or cub mass. Only age affected probability of breeding in females: younger females reproduced significantly less than did older females, although we did not measure individual nutritional status. Thus, body mass had a significant effect on life-history traits and territory size in a socially monogamous species comparable to that reported in polygynous males, even in the absence of large size dimorphism.