Emotional intelligence, personality and decoding non-verbal expressions of emotion

Previous research has highlighted theoretical and empirical links between measures of both personality and trait emotional intelligence (EI), and the ability to decode facial expressions of emotion. Research has also found that the posed, static characteristics of the photographic stimuli used to explore these links affects the decoding process and differentiates them from the natural expressions they represent. This undermines the ecological validity of established trait-emotion decoding relationships. This study addresses these methodological shortcomings by testing relationships between the reliability of participant ratings of dynamic, spontaneously elicited expressions of emotion with personality and trait EI. Fifty participants completed personality and self-report EI questionnaires, and used a computer-logging program to continuously rate change in emotional intensity expressed in video clips. Each clip was rated twice to obtain an intra-rater reliability score. The results provide limited support for links between both trait EI and personality variables and how reliably we decode natural expressions of emotion. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

This is Not a Photo Opportunity: Verbal/Visual Struggle in Francophone Travel Narratives

This article explores the ethics and aesthetics of representing travel and intercultural encounter in textual and photographic forms. Taking as its starting point two textual accounts of journeys in the course of which photographic narratives were also produced, the article explores the possibilities and limitations of textuality and visuality and thus considers the implications of, or new opportunities afforded by, reading – and ultimately publishing – these narratives as iconotexts. Focusing on Pierre Loti's L'Inde (sans les Anglais) (1901) and Ella Maillart's Oasis interdites (1937), the article also offers an alternative perspective on writers whose work is commonly associated with an imperialist or exoticist discourse, with cliché and one-dimensionality. As such, it aims to replace the monolithic, orientalist vision often attributed to these writers with ambiguity, ethical hesitation and a plurality of perspectives. Using these examples as a springboard, the article seeks to argue that verbal/visual mobility in narratives representing mobility contributes to resisting static, monolithic perceptions of other cultures. Using the work of British graffiti artist Banksy as a foil for exploring photography as cultural commodification and art as commodity, the article also seeks to engage with current debates in Humanities research on ekphrasis and iconotextuality and on the problematics of representing other cultures within an ethical and/or humanist frame.

Diachronic Change in Verbal Agreement Patterns with Majorité

This article is concerned with the description of data relating to a case of morphosyntactic variation and change in French: verbal agreement patterns with the noun majorité (‘majority’). Quantitative analysis of apparent-time data from cloze (‘gap-fill’) tests suggests that plural agreement with this noun is increasing; data from a diachronic corpus study confirm that this is the case. A number of factors are found to constrain this variation and change, including most importantly the presence and number of a post-modifying noun phrase (e.g. la majorité des hommes). The implications of these findings for the definition of collective nouns in French are discussed.

Association of retinal arteriolar dilatation with lower verbal memory::The Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study

Abstract


AIMS/HYPOTHESIS:

Retinal vascular calibre changes may reflect early subclinical microvascular disease in diabetes. Because of the considerable homology between retinal and cerebral microcirculation, we examined whether retinal vascular calibre, as a proxy of cerebral microvascular disease, was associated with cognitive function in older people with type 2 diabetes.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional analysis of 954 people aged 60-75 years with type 2 diabetes from the population-based Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study was performed. Participants underwent standard seven-field binocular digital retinal photography and a battery of seven cognitive function tests. The Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale was used to estimate pre-morbid cognitive ability. Retinal vascular calibre was measured from an image field with the optic disc in the centre using a validated computer-based program.

RESULTS:

After age and sex adjustment, larger retinal arteriolar and venular calibres were significantly associated with lower scores for the Wechsler Logical Memory test, with standardised regression coefficients -0.119 and -0.084, respectively (p?<?0.01), but not with other cognitive tests. There was a significant interaction between sex and retinal vascular calibre for logical memory. In male participants, the association of increased retinal arteriolar calibre with logical memory persisted (p?<?0.05) when further adjusted for vocabulary, venular calibre, depression, cardiovascular risk factors and macrovascular disease. In female participants, this association was weaker and not significant.

CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION:

Retinal arteriolar dilatation was associated with poorer memory, independent of estimated prior cognitive ability in older men with type 2 diabetes. The sex interaction with stronger findings in men requires confirmation. Nevertheless, these data suggest that impaired cerebral arteriolar autoregulation in smooth muscle cells, leading to arteriolar dilatation, may be a possible pathogenic mechanism in verbal declarative memory decrements in people with diabetes.

A new comparator account of auditory verbal hallucinations: how motor prediction can plausibly contribute to the sense of agency for inner speech

The comparator account holds that processes of motor prediction contribute to the sense of agency by attenuating incoming sensory information and that disruptions to this process contribute to misattributions of agency in schizophrenia. Over the last 25 years this simple and powerful model has gained widespread support not only as it relates to bodily actions but also as an account of misattributions of agency for inner speech, potentially explaining the etiology of auditory verbal hallucination (AVH). In this paper we provide a detailed analysis of the traditional comparator account for inner speech, pointing out serious problems with the specification of inner speech on which it is based and highlighting inconsistencies in the interpretation of the electrophysiological evidence commonly cited in its favor. In light of these analyses we propose a new comparator account of misattributed inner speech. The new account follows leading models of motor imagery in proposing that inner speech is not attenuated by motor prediction, but rather derived directly from it. We describe how failures of motor prediction would therefore directly affect the phenomenology of inner speech and trigger a mismatch in the comparison between motor prediction and motor intention, contributing to abnormal feelings of agency. We argue that the new account fits with the emerging phenomenological evidence that AVHs are both distinct from ordinary inner speech and heterogeneous. Finally, we explore the possibility that the new comparator account may extend to explain disruptions across a range of imagistic modalities, and outline avenues for future research.

Mixed Messages: American Correspondences in Visual and Verbal Practices

Mixed Messages presents and interrogates ten distinct moments from the arts of nineteenth, twentieth and twenty-first century America where visual and verbal forms blend and clash. Charting correspondences concerned with the expression and meaning of human experience, this volume moves beyond standard interdisciplinary theoretical approaches to consider the written and visual artwork in embodied, cognitive, and contextual terms.

Offering a genuinely interdisciplinary contribution to the intersecting fields of art history, avant-garde studies, word-image relations, and literary studies, Mixed Messages takes in architecture, notebooks, poetry, painting, conceptual art, contemporary art, comic books, photographs and installations, ending with a speculative conclusion on the role of the body in the experience of digital mixed media. Each of the ten case studies explores the juxtaposition of visual and verbal forms in a manner that moves away from treating verbal and visual symbols as operating in binary or oppositional systems, and towards a consideration of mixed media, multi-media and intermedia work as brought together in acts of creation, exhibition, reading, viewing, and immersion. The collection advances research into embodiment theory, affect, pragmatist aesthetics, as well as into the continuing legacy of romanticism and of dada, conceptual art and surrealism in an American context.

La autonomía educativa de los adolescentes en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje 7mo año de educación básica de la unidad educativa bilingüe Delta del cantón Daule en el período lectivo 2014-2015

El trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el desarrollo de la autonomía educativa de los adolescentes en el Proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje del 7mo año de Educación Básica de la Unidad Educativa Bilingüe Delta del Cantón Daule en el período lectivo 2014 – 2015

Yo, la depresión y el cuidador familiar

Objetivos - Caracterizar la depresión en la perspectiva de quien la vive; - Caracterizar el papel del cuidador familiar en la perspectiva del paciente; - Describir las reacciones del paciente en la relación con los cuidadores familiares. Método: diseño de la investigación es de naturaleza cualitativa y inductiva, usando la Teoría Fundamentada. La investigación tuvo lugar en 2 polos de las consultas externas del Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital de Évora, Portugal, en 2 ciudades diferentes, durante Febrero y Julio, 2009. La selección de participantes se hizo mediante la muestra no probabilista intencional de acuerdo con los criterios: ser adulto y/o anciano con un diagnóstico clínico de depresión; vivir con familiares en su casa; tener capacidad cognitiva para permitir la recogida de datos; participación voluntaria del paciente en el estudio. Se realizaron entrevistas narrativas semiestructuradas a 8 pacientes, 1 hombre y 7 mujeres. Resultados: la codificación axial nos permitió identificar 4 categorías: - 1ª narrativa del proceso de enfermar-se - tiene múltiples facetas, con una clara identificación del comienzo, causas (acontecimientos de vida, actividad laboral, conflictos familiares), características (es inconstante, no se ve pero cambia la persona, es una enfermedad de la cabeza) y manifestaciones de la enfermedad (somáticas y del comportamiento, alteraciones de las actividades de vida); - 2ª la depresión y yo - la relación dual entre el paciente y la depresión, las estrategias para hacer frente a la enfermedad, el auto-aprendizaje, la búsqueda de ayuda, la gestión de la medicación, los sentimientos, los deseos; - 3ª leer el familiar que cuida - la interpretación y el significado atribuido por el paciente al comportamiento del cuidador; el sentimiento de no sentirse cuidado, la falta de comprensión y paciencia, el chantaje emocional, las amenazas, la agresión verbal, la indiferencia, la falta de diálogo, el control excesivo, la incapacidad para escuchar, las tentativas fracasadas para ayudar; - 4ª-Yo, y la relación con el familiar cuidador - el paciente no reconoce la capacidad al familiar para ayudar, ignora sus consejos y opiniones y se siente perdido y sin saber qué hacer, evita el dialogo y se aísla o sale de casa por períodos, no comprende el familiar, ni sabe lo que el piensa acerca de su situación de salud, se siente solo. Discusión: la relación entre el paciente y la depresión es muy intimista, cerrada y el familiar no hace parte de ella. El paciente no comprende el familiar, pero el familiar también no comprende el paciente. Entre el paciente y el familiar hay una brecha y el paciente no reconoce el familiar como elemento importante en su recuperación, no le reconoce capacidad ni competencia. Entonces, la enfermera tiene un papel fundamental como mediadora, no solo en el conflicto, pero también en la enseñanza de estrategias de comunicación y a través de la enseñanza de lo que es la depresión, sus manifestaciones, tratamiento y su pronóstico. Si la enfermera conocer las dificultades del paciente y sus sentimientos hacia el familiar cuidador, podrá intervenir y planear juntamente con el paciente y su familiar, intervenciones psicosociales que contribuyan para el bien estar de la familia, de modo a que el hogar sea un espacio terapéutico

Estrategias pedagógicas basadas en el diseño universal para el aprendizaje: una aproximación desde la comunicación educativa

Libro que presenta estrategias pedagógicas para la educación inclusiva en las diferentes etapas educativas como preescolar, básica, media y universitaria.

Processos de interacção verbal em aula de francês língua estrangeira

Resumo indisponível