Confronto simulativo tra architetture per la mobilità: analisi simulatore MIPv6 e confronto con ABPS

Il presente elaborato tratta il lavoro di studio, analisi e sperimentazione effettuato dal sottoscritto, Giovanni Sitta, in conclusione al Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Informatica presso l'Università degli Studi di Bologna. Questo ha dapprima previsto un periodo di approfondimento di alcune architetture di supporto alla mobilità dei terminali di rete, in particolare di due protocolli allo stato dell'arte, Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) e Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP), e di una terza architettura sperimentale denominata Always Best Packet Switching (ABPS). Sono stati in seguito esaminati tre simulatori, uno per ciascuna architettura di supporto alla mobilità considerata, realizzati come estensioni della libreria INET del framework OMNeT++, assicurandosi che fossero conformi alle specifiche del protocollo implementato (almeno entro i limiti di semplificazione rilevanti ai fini del lavoro), e correggendone eventuali problematiche, mancanze e anomalie in caso questi non le rispettassero. Sono poi stati configurati alcuni scenari simulativi utilizzando le tre librerie, in prima battuta di natura molto semplice, utilizzati per verificare il corretto funzionamento dei simulatori in condizioni ideali, e successivamente più complessi, allestendo un ambiente di esecuzione più verosimile, dotato di un maggior numero di host connessi alla rete e di ostacoli per i segnali radio usati nelle comunicazioni wireless. Tramite i risultati sperimentali ottenuti da queste simulazioni è stato infine possibili realizzare un confronto tra le prestazioni di MIPv6, LISP e ABPS.

Confronto simulativo tra architetture per la mobilità: analisi simulatore LISP e confronto con ABPS

L'utilizzo sempre crescente di dispositivi mobili, lo sviluppo di applicazioni mobile in continuo aumento, e la necessità di una sempre migliore qualità della comunicazione, ha portato grande interesse ad analizzare i protocolli di supporto alla mobilità dei terminali. Questi, tra i quali il più conosciuto è forse Mobile IP, vengono posti in esame utilizzando diverse metriche per valutarne le prestazioni. Si confrontano dunque due protocolli: LISP e ABPS; per ognuno dei quali ne viene presentata e descritta l'architettura e le principali funzionalità; entrambe queste architetture per il supporto alla mobilità, prevedono delle specifiche per fornire continuità nella comunicazione durante il roaming di un nodo multihomed. Vengono presentati poi gli strumenti con i quali verrà effettuata il l'analisi: il simulatore a eventi discreti OMNeT++ e il suo framework INET. Successivamente sono descritte le principali componenti dei simulatori per LISP e ABPS, che modellano le meccaniche dei due protocolli analizzati. Questi sono stati sottoposti a modifiche mirate a correggerne eventuali anomalie di comportamento, e ad introdurre nuove funzionalità, soprattutto per quanto riguarda ABPS, che era solo parzialmente implementato. Sono mostrati gli scenari in cui verranno effettuati i test per il confronto delle prestazioni: uno scenario semplice e uno che cerca di proporre una rete urbana verosimile; di seguito vengono elencati i parametri e le configurazioni utilizzate per ognuno dei due scenari. Infine vengono presentati i risultati mettendo a confronto due aspetti della mobilità dei terminali: durata dell'intervallo di indisponibilità e latenza dei pacchetti.

Temporal PageRank

The our reality is characterized by a constant progress and, to follow that, people need to stay up to date on the events. In a world with a lot of existing news, search for the ideal ones may be difficult, because the obstacles that make it arduous will be expanded more and more over time, due to the enrichment of data. In response, a great help is given by Information Retrieval, an interdisciplinary branch of computer science that deals with the management and the retrieval of the information. An IR system is developed to search for contents, contained in a reference dataset, considered relevant with respect to the need expressed by an interrogative query. To satisfy these ambitions, we must consider that most of the developed IR systems rely solely on textual similarity to identify relevant information, defining them as such when they include one or more keywords expressed by the query. The idea studied here is that this is not always sufficient, especially when it's necessary to manage large databases, as is the web. The existing solutions may generate low quality responses not allowing, to the users, a valid navigation through them. The intuition, to overcome these limitations, has been to define a new concept of relevance, to differently rank the results. So, the light was given to Temporal PageRank, a new proposal for the Web Information Retrieval that relies on a combination of several factors to increase the quality of research on the web. Temporal PageRank incorporates the advantages of a ranking algorithm, to prefer the information reported by web pages considered important by the context itself in which they reside, and the potential of techniques belonging to the world of the Temporal Information Retrieval, exploiting the temporal aspects of data, describing their chronological contexts. In this thesis, the new proposal is discussed, comparing its results with those achieved by the best known solutions, analyzing its strengths and its weaknesses.

FISHMETER: l'app per una scelta ecosostenibile

Lo scopo di questo lavoro è stato quello di realizzare un'app, in collaborazione con l'Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, che fosse di supporto nello stabilire l'ecostenibilità del pesce comprato da potenziali acquirenti. In modo particolare, per ecosostenibilità dell'acquisto del pesce intendiamo principalmente due fattori: - lunghezza minima del pesce pescato; - attenzione posta sul pescare ed acquistare pesce nel giusto periodo dell'anno. Col primo aspetto, intendiamo porre l'attenzione sul fatto che ogni esemplare di pesce deve essere di una certa lunghezza minima per essere pescato e poi messo in vendita mentre col secondo fattore intendiamo l'evitamento della pesca di certe specie di pesce qualora si trovino nella loro stagione riproduttiva. Pertanto, compito fondamentale dell'app presentata in questa tesi è quello di stimare la lunghezza di un pesce acquistato mediante una fotografia scattata allo stesso tramite uno smartphone e di verificare se esso sia stato venduto nella giusta stagione, preoccupandosi poi non solo di informare di conseguenza l'utente ma anche di salvare ed inviare una segnalazione riguardo l'esito dell'operazione a seguito di un'attenta raccolta di dati. Vedremo nel corso di questo documento quali siano stati tutti i passaggi di sviluppo di questa app e quali aspetti abbiano richiesto una maggiore attenzione per mantenere sia una semplicità d'uso nei confronti dell'utente sia un'implementazione rapida ma efficiente.

Valutazione delle prestazioni di processori a basso consumo energetico in applicazioni parallele

In questo lavoro di tesi sono state impiegate le librerie grafiche OpenGL ES 2 per eseguire calcoli paralleli sulla GPU del Raspberry Pi. Sono stati affrontati e discussi concetti riguanrdati il calcolo parallelo, stream processing, GPGPU e le metriche di valutazione di algoritmi paralleli. Sono inoltre descritte le potenzialita e le limitazioni derivanti dall'impiego di OpenGL per implementare algoritmi paralleli. In particolare si e fatto riferimento all'algoritmo Seam Carving per il restringimento di immagini, realizzando e valutando una implementazione parallela di questo sul Raspberry Pi.

Sviluppo e analisi di un algoritmo parallelo di riconoscimento di oggetti in immagini

Implementazione sequenziale e parallela dell'algoritmo Evolution Constructed feature per il riconoscimento di oggetti in immagini. Analisi dei risultati ottenuti dall'algoritmo tramite la precision e la recall. Confronto dei tempi di esecuzione delle due versioni dell'algoritmo al fine di valutare gli effettivi guadagni ottenuti tramite la parallelizzazione.

A framework for cyber-physical system simulation

In these last years, systems engineering has became one of the major research domains. The complexity of systems has increased constantly and nowadays Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are a category of particular interest: these, are systems composed by a cyber part (computer-based algorithms) that monitor and control some physical processes. Their development and simulation are both complex due to the importance of the interaction between the cyber and the physical entities: there are a lot of models written in different languages that need to exchange information among each other. Normally people use an orchestrator that takes care of the simulation of the models and the exchange of informations. This orchestrator is developed manually and this is a tedious and long work. Our proposition is to achieve to generate the orchestrator automatically through the use of Co-Modeling, i.e. by modeling the coordination. Before achieving this ultimate goal, it is important to understand the mechanisms and de facto standards that could be used in a co-modeling framework. So, I studied the use of a technology employed for co-simulation in the industry: FMI. In order to better understand the FMI standard, I realized an automatic export, in the FMI format, of the models realized in an existing software for discrete modeling: TimeSquare. I also developed a simple physical model in the existing open source openmodelica tool. Later, I started to understand how works an orchestrator, developing a simple one: this will be useful in future to generate an orchestrator automatically.

Periodontitis: a future risk of acute coronary syndrome? A follow-up study over 3 years

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis has been associated with cardiovascular disease. We assess if the recurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) could be predicted by preceding medical and periodontal conditions. METHODS: A total of 165 consecutive subjects with ACS and 159 medically healthy, matched control subjects were examined and followed for 3 years. Periodontitis was defined by alveolar bone loss. Subgingival microbial samples were studied by the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method. RESULTS: The recurrence of ACS was found in 66 of 165 (40.0%) subjects, and a first ACS event was found in seven of 159 (4.4%) subjects among baseline control subjects. Subjects who later had a second ACS event were older (P <0.001). Significantly higher serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (P <0.05), creatinine (P <0.01), and white blood cell (WBC) counts (P <0.001) were found in subjects with future ACS. Periodontitis was associated with a first event of ACS (crude odds ratio [OR]: 10.3:1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.1 to 17.4; P <0.001) and the recurrence of ACS (crude OR: 3.6:1; 95% CI: 2.0 to 6.6; P <0.001). General linear modeling multivariate analysis, controlling for age and the prediction of a future ACS event, identified that WBC counts (F = 20.6; P <0.001), periodontitis (F = 17.6; P <0.001), and serum creatinine counts (F = 4.5; P <0.05) were explanatory of a future ACS event. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that recurrent ACS events are predicted by serum WBC counts, serum creatinine levels, and a diagnosis of periodontitis. Significantly higher counts of putative pathogens are found in subjects with ACS, but these counts do not predict future ACS events.

Development of a documentation instrument for the conservative treatment of spinal disorders in the International Spine Registry, Spine Tango

Spine Tango is the first and only International Spine Registry in operation to date. So far, only surgical spinal interventions have been recorded and no comparable structured and comprehensive documentation instrument for conservative treatments of spinal disorders is available. This study reports on the development of a documentation instrument for the conservative treatment of spinal disorders by using the Delphi consensus method. It was conducted with a group of international experts in the field. We also assessed the usability of this new assessment tool with a prospective feasibility study on 97 outpatients and inpatients with low back or neck pain undergoing conservative treatment. The new 'Spine Tango conservative' questionnaire proved useful and suitable for the documentation of pathologies, conservative treatments and outcomes of patients with low back or neck problems. A follow-up questionnaire seemed less important in the predominantly outpatient setting. In the feasibility study, between 43 and 63% of patients reached the minimal clinically important difference in pain relief and Core Outcome Measures Index at 3 months after therapy; 87% of patients with back pain and 85% with neck pain were satisfied with the received treatment. With 'Spine Tango conservative' a first step has been taken to develop and implement a complementary system for documentation and evaluation of non-surgical spinal interventions and outcomes within the framework of the International Spine Registry. It proved useful and feasible in a first pilot study, but it will take the experience of many more cases and therapists to develop a version similarly mature as the surgical instruments of Spine Tango.

(234)U/(238)U activity ratio disequilibrium technique for studying uranium mobility in the Opalinus Clay at Mont Terri, Switzerland

Mobility of naturally occurring U-238 and U-234 radionuclides was studied in a low permeability, reducing claystone formation (Opalinus Clay) near its contact with an overlying oxidising aquifer (Dogger Limestones) at Mont Terri, Switzerland. Our data point to a limited redistribution of U in some of the studied samples. Observed centimetre-scale U mobility is explained by slow diffusive transport of U-234 in the pore waters of the Opalinus Clay driven by spatially variable in situ supply (by alpha-recoil) of U-234 from the rock matrix. Metre-scale mobility is interpreted as a result of infiltration of meteoric water into the overlying aquifer which developed gradients of U concentration across the two rock formations. This triggered a slow in-diffusion of U with (U-234/U-238) > 1 into the Opalinus Clay as attested by a clear-cut pattern of decreasing bulk rock (U-234/U-238) inwards the Opalinus Clay, away from the Dogger Limestones.

Serial analysis of the malapposed and uncovered struts of the new generation of everolimus-eluting bioresorbable scaffold with optical coherence tomography

The aim of this study is to assess the serial changes in strut apposition and coverage of the bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) and to relate this with the presence of intraluminal masses at 6 months with optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Verteporfin plus Ranibizumab for Choroidal Neovascularization in Age-related Macular Degeneration: Twelve-month MONT BLANC Study Results

To compare the efficacy and safety of same-day verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) and intravitreal ranibizumab combination treatment versus ranibizumab monotherapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Insulin signaling and action in cultured skeletal muscle cells from lean healthy humans with high and low insulin sensitivity

The aim of these studies was to investigate whether insulin resistance is primary to skeletal muscle. Myoblasts were isolated from muscle biopsies of 8 lean insulin-resistant and 8 carefully matched insulin-sensitive subjects (metabolic clearance rates as determined by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp: 5.8 +/- 0.5 vs. 12.3 +/- 1.7 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), respectively; P < or = 0.05) and differentiated to myotubes. In these cells, insulin stimulation of glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, insulin receptor (IR) kinase activity, and insulin receptor substrate 1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) activity were measured. Furthermore, insulin activation of protein kinase B (PKB) was compared with immunoblotting of serine residues at position 473. Basal glucose uptake (1.05 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.95 +/- 0.07 relative units, respectively; P = 0.49) and basal glycogen synthesis (1.02 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.98 +/- 0.11 relative units, respectively; P = 0.89) were not different in myotubes from insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive subjects. Maximal insulin responsiveness of glucose uptake (1.35 +/- 0.03-fold vs. 1.41 +/- 0.05-fold over basal for insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive subjects, respectively; P = 0.43) and glycogen synthesis (2.00 +/- 0.13-fold vs. 2.10 +/- 0.16-fold over basal for insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive subjects, respectively; P = 0.66) were also not different. Insulin stimulation (1 nmol/l) of IR kinase and PI 3-kinase were maximal within 5 min (approximately 8- and 5-fold over basal, respectively), and insulin activation of PKB was maximal within 15 min (approximately 3.5-fold over basal). These time kinetics were not significantly different between groups. In summary, our data show that insulin action and signaling in cultured skeletal muscle cells from normoglycemic lean insulin-resistant subjects is not different from that in cells from insulin-sensitive subjects. This suggests an important role of environmental factors in the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.