Ambulatory Hysteroscopy Results Post-Menopause: Comparative Study Between Patients With and Without Metrorrhagia

Our objective was to compare the results of ambulatory hysteroscopy in postmenopausal women with and without uterine bleeding. A retrospective descriptive study was carried out on 236 women who were at least 2 years into the menopause, who were not undergoing hormone treatment and who had had abnormal pelvic ultrasound results. Of these women, 150 were asymptomatic and 86 reported haemorrhage. Diagnostic and operative outpatient hysteroscopy was performed between January 2002 and December 2003. There was no difference between the two groups regarding age of patients, age of menopause and presence of at least one of the risk factors for endometrial carcinoma evaluated, although obesity was more frequent in the symptomatic group. Abnormal ultrasound results for these women corresponded in the majority of cases to intracavitary disease, and the absence of organic endometrial pathology was 9.3% vs 11.3% in each group. The more frequent pathology was benign endometrial polyps (64% in bleeding patients and 84.7% in asymptomatic ones). Endometrial carcinoma was diagnosed in 23.3% of women with metrorrhagia and in 1.3% of asymptomatic women. We diagnosed 2.6% of malignancy inside polyps. Hysteroscopy results were confirmed by histology in 90.3% of cases. See and treat in one session was achieved in 91% of benign endometrial polyps. Ambulatory hysteroscopy has high sensitivity and specificity for intracavitary pathology and high tolerability and safety. See and treat in one session can be achieved in the majority of lesions with indication for excision. These results make us advise our menopausal patients with abnormal uterine bleeding to undergo diagnostic hysteroscopy complemented with biopsy.

Health survey on the Ilha da Conceição, state of Rio de Janeiro, II: selected health characteristics in children

As part of the health survey on the Ilha da Conceição, a 25 percent random sample of households was identified and a health guestionnaire completed at 236 households. These households contained 536 children, of whom 239 were under age six. Prenatal care had been obtained by 70 percent of the mothers during the pregnancies of the youngest children and 83 percent of these children had been born in hospital. The use of available health facilities was reported more frequently for the younger children in comparison to the older children. Over 90 percent of the children had been vaccinated against one or more diseases but only 50 to 60 percent of the children had complete vaccination against pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus. Almost two-thirds of the stool specimens from the children revealed evidence of parasites and were most commonly found in children two to three years of age. Low hemoglobin values were found commonly under age three and hemoglobin leveis ábove 12 grams were not commonly found until age six. Compared with a North American standard for height and weight, proportionately more children on the Ilha da Conceição were found below the 25th and 3rd percentiles. These findings suggest that an improved health status for the children on the Ilha da Conceição would result from a household health record maintained at the island clinic including current information on vaccination status of all children, and a health education program focused on expectant mothers and the well baby clinic program.

Lack of Spontaneous Venous Pulsation: Possible Risk Indicator in Normal Tension Glaucoma?

PURPOSE: Recently, the absence of spontaneous venous pulsation (SVP) has been suggested as a vascular risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). As the mechanism behind this phenomenon is still unknown, the authors have studied this vascular component using colour Doppler imaging (CDI). METHODS: A total of 236 patients were divided into three diagnostic groups: healthy controls (81), POAG (86) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG; 69). All subjects were submitted to CDI studies of the retrobulbar circulation, intraocular pressure measurements and assessment of SVP existence. Mann-Whitney, chi-square contingency tables and Spearman correlations were used to explore differences and correlations between variables in the diagnostic groups. RESULTS: Eighty-two percent of healthy controls had SVP (66/81), while a smaller numbers were registered in both glaucoma groups: POAG - 50% (43/86); NTG - 51% (35/69). In NTG patients, but not in POAG patients, the prevalence of the SVP phenomenon decreases with increased glaucoma damage (p = 0.04; p = 0.55, respectively). Overall glaucoma patients from both groups had lower central retinal vein (CRV) velocities than the healthy controls (p < 0.05). NTG patients with SVP had less severe visual field defects (mean defect -6.92 versus -11.1, p < 0.05), higher [correction added after online publication 21 September 2012; the word 'higher' has been inserted to replace the word 'lower'] peak systolic and mean flow velocities in the central retinal artery (p < 0.01; p < 0.05, respectively) as well as higher [correction added after online publication 21 September 2012; the word higher has been inserted to replace the word lower] maximal velocities and RI of the CRV (p < 0.02; p < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Glaucoma patients have a decrease in CRV velocities. SVP is less prevalent in glaucoma patients than in healthy individuals. This phenomenon apparently reflects different hemodynamic patterns in the central retinal vessels. This variable may be of particular importance in NTG patients, where it may be associated with more advanced functional damage.

Pesquisa da infecção natural por Yersinia pestis, em pulicídeos provenientes de focos pestosos do nordeste do Brasil

Foram avaliados três processos de acondicionamento e transporte de pulgas, objetivando análise bacteriológica para isolamento da Yersinia pestis. As três abordagens testadas foram: pulgas vivas em tubos de ensaio com tiras dobradas de papel de filtro; pulgas em solução salina; macerados de pulgas em meio de Cary-Blair. Os dois últimos métodos foram quase iguais e superiores ao primeiro. Foram analisadas pelas três técnicas, um total de 29.512 "pools" de pulicideos provenientes de focos de peste do Nordeste do Brasil no período de 1966 a 1982. Deste total, 236 (0,80%) dos "pools" foram positivos por cultura e/ou inoculação em animais sensíveis.

Avaliação de uma nova microtécnica de fixação de complemento (Garcia & Sotelo, 1991) para o diagnóstico da doença de Chagas crônica com diferentes preparações antigênicas

No presente trabalho, avalia-se a nova fixação de complemento, comparativamente à imunofluorescência indireta, para o diagnóstico da doença de Chagas crônica, utilizando um extrato aquoso de formas epimastigotas do Trypanosoma cruzi e três extratos etanólicos: um de epimastigotas, um de tripomastigotas e outro de amastigotas obtidas de cultura. Empregaram-se 236 amostras testadas por imunofluorescência indireta: 109 positivas (20 com diagnóstico parasitológico) e 127 amostras negativas (96 de doadores de sangue e 31 de portadores de outras patologias). Os resultados mostraram que é possível obter reação positiva em amostras diluídas até 1:16. Os melhores limiares de reatividade encontrados foram a diluição 1:4 para o extrato etanólico de amastigotas e 1:2 para os demais antígenos. Os índices de correlação entre a nova fixação de complemento e imunofluorescência indireta indicaram o extrato etanólico de epimastigotas como o antígeno mais adequado para fins de diagnóstico entre as preparações testadas, tendo apresentado índice de co-positividade com a imunofluorescência indireta de 0,92207 e índice de co-negatividade de 0,90000. Conclui-se que a nova fixação de complemento mostrou-se ser uma microtécnica semi-quantitativa rápida, sensível, barata e de fácil execução, aplicável ao diagnóstico da doença de Chagas crônica.

Animais aquáticos de importância médica no Brasil

Os acidentes por animais aquáticos venenosos e traumatizantes podem provocar morbidez importante em humanos. Em 236 ocorrências por animais marinhos observadas pelo autor, os ouriços-do-mar causaram cerca de 50%, os cnidários (cubomedusas e caravelas) 25% e peixes venenosos (bagres, arraias e peixes-escorpião) 25% dos acidentes. Nos rios e lagos, as arraias, bagres e mandis causam acidentes que têm mecanismo do envenenamento e efeitos das toxinas semelhantes às espécies marinhas. Em uma série de cerca de 200 acidentes em pescadores de água doce, quase 40% foram causados por bagres e mandis, 5% por arraias de água doce e 55% por peixes traumatogênicos, como as piranhas e as traíras. O autor demonstra os principais animais aquáticos que causam acidentes no Brasil, apresenta aspectos clínicos dos envenenamentos e discute medidas terapêuticas para o controle da intensa sintomatologia observada principalmente nos acidentes causados por cnidários e peixes venenosos.

Varia

Contém notícias: SILVA, Henriques da Silva, A arte em revistas, pp.221-223; FRANÇA; O Caso da Demolição da Casa de Garrett em Lisboa, pp.224-226; CORREIA, Jorge, Notícia do “castelo” português de Ben Mirao, pp.227-230; OLIVEIRA, Maria Manuel, O Cimitero di Tredici, entre Lisboa e o Reino de Nápoles, pp.230-235; PENALVA, Luísa, As jóias da Virgem do Carmo, pp.236-240; RODRIGUES, Ana Duarte; FRANCO, Anísio, Nova aquisição para o Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga: Nossa Senhora da Conceição do Laboratório de Machado de Castro, pp.242-243

Avaliação da evolução do perfil regional em inovação. O caso das regiões europeias 2003/2009

A inovação é considerada pelos economistas como fator determinante para o crescimento económico e social sustentável. No contexto da atual economia, global e marcada por uma profunda crise, torna-se imperativo compreender os padrões de inovação para suportar melhores políticas e respostas aos desafios que se impõem. Este entendimento conduz à ilação de que os desvios significativos no crescimento económico observado entre diferentes regiões são também explicados por diferenças espaciais nos padrões de inovação. Na sequência do exposto tem-se assistido a um renovado e crescente interesse no estudo da inovação numa perspetiva territorial e a uma crescente produção e disponibilização de dados para estudo e compreensão das suas dinâmicas. O objectivo principal da presente dissertação é demonstrar a utilidade de uma técnica de Data Mining, a rede neuronal Self Organizing Map, na exploração destes dados para estudo da inovação. Em concreto pretende-se demonstrar a capacidade desta técnica tanto para identificar perfis regionais de inovação bem como para visualizar a evolução desses perfis no tempo num mapa topológico virtual, o espaço de atributos do SOM, por comparação com um mapa geográfico. Foram utilizados dados Euronext relativos a 236 regiões europeias para os anos compreendidos entre 2003 e 2009. O Self Organizing Map foi construído com base no GeoSOM, software desenvolvido pelo Instituto Superior de Estatística e Gestão de Informação. Os resultados obtidos permitem demonstrar a utilidade desta técnica na visualização dos padrões de inovação das regiões europeias no espaço e no tempo.

Positive serology for viral hepatitis and donor self-exclusion in Southern Brazil

Introduction Despite the great advances in serological testing for transfusion-transmitted infections, the selection of blood donors by blood bank operators remains the only way to avoid transmission within the testing window period. Part of this selection is the self-exclusion form, on which the donors can exclude their blood from donation without any explanation. This study assessed the clinical and epidemiological characteristics related to positivity for viral hepatitis and to the use of the confidential self-exclusion (CSE) form. Methods This transversal study analyzed the data collected from blood donors' files in a hospital in Southern Brazil. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified the clinical and epidemiological variables related to positive serologies of viral hepatitis and to whether the donor was self-excluded. Results Of the 3,180 donors included in this study, 0.1% tested positive for HBsAg, 2.1% for anti-HBc, and 0.9% for anti-HCV. When the 93 donors with positive serologies for viral hepatitis were compared with those who were negative, a greater proportion of the positive serology group was found to have had a history of blood transfusions (OR=4.908; 95%CI=1.628 - 14.799; p<0.01), had repeatedly donated (OR=2.147; 95%CI=1.236 - 3.729; p<0.01), and used the CSE form for self-exclusion (OR=7.139; 95%CI=2.045 - 24.923; p<0.01). No variables were independently associated with self-exclusion. Conclusions A history of blood transfusion, repeated donations, and self-exclusion are factors that should be considered during viral hepatitis screenings in blood banks.

Imagens de azul. Evidências do emprego do azul cobalto na cerâmica tardo medieval portuguesa

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Fundação Millennium bcp, Direcção Geral do Livro e das Bibliotecas/MC, Instituto de Estudos Medievais – FCSH/UNL

Camu-camu: um fruto fantástico como fonte de vitamina C1

Analisou-se o teor de vitamina C em três acessos de camu-camu coletados na região leste do Estado de Roraima, sendo um no rio Maú, e outros dois (uma planta isolada e outra população) no rio Urubu, ambos afluentes do rio Tacutu. Para a determinação de ácido ascórbico utilizou-se HPLC. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que os frutos coletados de uma planta individual situada no rio Urubu apresentaram as maiores concentrações de ácido ascórbico 6112±137,5 mg em 100g (polpa). As populações de camu-camu oriundas dos rios Urubu e Maú apresentaram concentrações de ácido ascórbico na ordem de 5737±236,1 mg (polpa+casca) e 3571±12,0 mg (polpa) respectivamente. Esse achado inédito demonstra a necessidade de mais estudos, considerando a variabilidade genética do camu-camu e o potencial nutricional como fonte de vitamina C.

Estimating the colors of paintings

Observers can adjust the spectrum of illumination on paintings for optimal viewing experience. But can they adjust the colors of paintings for the best visual impression? In an experiment carried out on a calibrated color moni- tor images of four abstract paintings obtained from hyperspectral data were shown to observers that were unfamiliar with the paintings. The color volume of the images could be manipulated by rotating the volume around the axis through the average (a*, b*) point for each painting in CIELAB color space. The task of the observers was to adjust the angle of rotation to produce the best subjective impression from the paintings. It was found that the distribution of angles selected for data pooled across paintings and observers could be de- scribed by a Gaussian function centered at 10o, i.e. very close to the original colors of the paintings. This result suggest that painters are able to predict well what compositions of colors observers prefer.

The diagnostic and prognostic role of liquid-based cytology: are we ready to monitor therapy and resistance?

Here, we evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic role of liquid-based cytology (LBC) in different body lesions, including thyroid, lung, effusions and malignant breast lesions. LBC has gained consensus after being applied to both non-gynecologic and fine-needle aspiration cytology. Although some remain sceptical regarding the diagnostic efficacy of LBC, mainly when used alone, in recent years, good results have been obtained as long as it showed a high diagnostic accuracy. Here, we discuss the additional possibility of storing material for the application of ancillary techniques (immunocytochemistry–molecular analysis) with several diagnostic and prognostic advantages, which may pave the way for the challenging evaluation of both monitoring responses to treatment and resistance to targeted therapies in thyroid, lung, breast carcinoma or malignant effusions. Furthermore, it provides the use of several molecular spots as specific targets for personalized therapy.

O efeito da deposição salina nas características das escorrências rodoviárias em zonas costeiras

Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Civil.