Water wave transmission through and reflection by pervious coastal structures : hydraulic laboratory investigation /

"October 1969."

A method for estimating long-term erosion rates from a long-term rise in water level /

"May 1979."

Observations of barred coastal profiles under the influence of rising water levels, Eastern Lake Michigan, 1967-71 /

"January 1976."

Radioactivity transport in water--environmental behavior of nitrosylruthenium : technical report 3 /

"Atomic Energy Commission Contract AT(11-1)-490."

The SPM energy flux method for predicting longshore transport rate /

"June 1980."

Sand ripple growth in an oscillatory-flow water tunnel /

The development of sand ripples in an oscillatory-flow water tunnel was observed in 104 laboratory experiments approximating conditions at the seabed under steady progressive surface waves. The period, T, and amplitude, a, of the water motion were varied over wide ranges. Three quartz sands were used, with mean grain diameters, D = 0.55, 0.21, and 0.18 millimeter. In 24 experiments, with the bed initially leveled, T was reduced until ripples appeared, and their development to final equilibrium form was observed without further change in T. The remaining 80 experiments investigated the response of previously established bed forms to changes in T or a or both. The ripple length, lambda, and height, eta, were measured from photos, except when bed forms were three dimensional.

Relation between immersed weight and volume rates of longshore transport /

As presently used, the immersed weight rate, I sub l, is the volume rate, Q, of longshore transport, multiplied by a constant. For use in engineering problems, I sub l must be converted back to the equivalent Q. The I sub l formulation may be important where the unit weight of sand differs significantly from the unit weight of sand at the open-coast sites contributing data to the design curve. Increase in void ratio may result in a 10- to 20-percent increase in actual (as compared to predicted) shoaling volumes where sand accumulates in protected water. Void ratio should be measured in field studies of longshore transport.

A handbook to the cases illustrating simple means of travel & transport by land and water.

Mode of access: Internet.

A plan for the comprehensive evaluation of the occurrence, transport, and fate of ground-water contaminants in the Lake Calumet area of southeast Chicago /

"HWRIC TN88-010."

Coastal recreation water quality monitoring and notification : report (to accompany H.R. 1721) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office).

"November 14, 2005."

A new analytical solution for water table fluctuations in coastal aquifers with sloping beaches

The Boussinesq equation appears as the zeroth-order term in the shallow water flow expansion of the non-linear equation describing the flow of fluid in an unconfined aquifer. One-dimensional models based on the Boussinesq equation have been used to analyse tide-induced water table fluctuations in coastal aquifers. Previous analytical solutions for a sloping beach are based on the perturbation parameter, epsilon(N) = alphaepsilon cot beta (in which beta is the beach slope, alpha is the amplitude parameter and epsilon is the shallow water parameter) and are limited to tan(-1) (alphaepsilon) much less than beta less than or equal to pi/2. In this paper, a new higher-order solution to the non-linear boundary value problem is derived. The results demonstrate the significant influence of the higher-order components and beach slope on the water table fluctuations. The relative difference between the linear solution and the present solution increases as 6 and a increase, and reaches 7% of the linear solution. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A composite DOP approach to excluding bottom reflectance in mapping water parameters of shallow coastal zones from TM imagery

In this paper we proposed a composite depth of penetration (DOP) approach to excluding bottom reflectance in mapping water quality parameters from Landsat thematic mapper (TM) data in the shallow coastal zone of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Three DOPs were calculated from TM1, TM2 and TM3, in conjunction with bathymetric data, at an accuracy ranging from +/-5% to +/-23%. These depths were used to segment the image into four DOP zones. Sixteen in situ water samples were collected concurrently with the recording of the satellite image. These samples were used to establish regression models for total suspended sediment (TSS) concentration and Secchi depth with respect to a particular DOP zone. Containing identical bands and their transformations for both parameters, the models are linear for TSS concentration, logarithmic for Secchi depth. Based on these models, TSS concentration and Secchi depth were mapped from the satellite image in respective DOP zones. Their mapped patterns are consistent with the in situ observed ones. Spatially, overestimation and underestimation of the parameters are restricted to localised areas but related to the absolute value of the parameters. The mapping was accomplished more accurately using multiple DOP zones than using a single zone in shallower areas. The composite DOP approach enables the mapping to be extended to areas as shallow as <3 m. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Mapping water quality and substrate cover in optically complex coastal and reef waters: an integrated approach

Sustainable management of coastal and coral reef environments requires regular collection of accurate information on recognized ecosystem health indicators. Satellite image data and derived maps of water column and substrate biophysical properties provide an opportunity to develop baseline mapping and monitoring programs for coastal and coral reef ecosystem health indicators. A significant challenge for satellite image data in coastal and coral reef water bodies is the mixture of both clear and turbid waters. A new approach is presented in this paper to enable production of water quality and substrate cover type maps, linked to a field based coastal ecosystem health indicator monitoring program, for use in turbid to clear coastal and coral reef waters. An optimized optical domain method was applied to map selected water quality (Secchi depth, Kd PAR, tripton, CDOM) and substrate cover type (seagrass, algae, sand) parameters. The approach is demonstrated using commercially available Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper image data over a coastal embayment exhibiting the range of substrate cover types and water quality conditions commonly found in sub-tropical and tropical coastal environments. Spatially extensive and quantitative maps of selected water quality and substrate cover parameters were produced for the study site. These map products were refined by interactions with management agencies to suit the information requirements of their monitoring and management programs. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Field observations of instantaneous water slopes and horizontal pressure gradients in the swash-zone

Field observations of instantaneous water surface slopes in the swash zone are presented. For free-surface flows with a hydrostatic pressure distribution the surface slope is equivalent to the horizontal pressure gradient. Observations were made using a novel technique which in its simplest form consists of a horizontal stringline extending seaward from the beach face. Visual observation, still photography or video photography is then sufficient to determine the surface slope where the free-surface cuts the line or between reference points in the image. The method resolves the mean surface gradient over a cross-shore distance of 5 m or more to within +/- 0.001, or 1/20th -1/100th of typical beach gradients. In addition, at selected points and at any instant in time during the swash cycle, the water surface slope can be determined exactly to be dipping either seaward or landward. Close to the location of bore collapse landward dipping water surface slopes of order 0.05-0.1 occur over a very small region (order 0.5 m) at the blunt or convex leading edge of the swash. In the middle and upper swash the water surface slope at this leading edge is usually very close to horizontal or slightly seaward. Behind the leading edge, the water surface slope was observed to be very close to horizontal or dipping seaward at all times throughout the swash uprush. During the backwash the water surface slope was observed to be always dipping seaward, approaching the beach slope, and remained seaward until a new uprush edge or incident bore passed any particular cross-shore location of interest. The observations strongly Suggest that the swash boundary layer is subject to an adverse pressure gradient during uprush and a favourable pressure gradient during the backwash. Furthermore, assuming Euler's equations are a good approximation in the swash, the observations also show that the total fluid acceleration is negative (offshore) for almost the whole of the uprush and for the entire backwash. The observations are contrary to recent work suggesting significant shoreward directed accelerations and pressure gradients occur in the swash (i.e., delta u/delta t > 0 similar to delta p/delta x < 0), but consistent with analytical and numerical solutions for swash uprush and backwash. The results have important implications for sediment transport modelling in the swash zone.