黄土丘陵区小流域综合治理生态经济过程分析——以宁夏隆德县李太平小流域为例

从生态经济系统分析角度出发,对小流域生态经济结构及其演变进行分析,以期评价小流域生态经济效益。对比分析了小流域生态经济系统土地利用结构及其适宜性、产业结构、消耗结构和饲料生产平衡,利用线性模型对土地利用结构进行了优化模拟,采用描述生态系统稳定性的多样性指数描述流域经济系统稳定性,并用静态和动态模型对治理经济效果进行评价。流域农、林、牧用地比例由1990年的6．2:2．0:1．0变为2003年的1．9:1．4:1．0;农业产值所占比重由79．6％下降为54．8％;林业、牧业、副业产值比例分别由9．6％、9．6％、1．1％上升为22．7％、 15．1％、7．4％。收入多样性指数呈增加趋势,消耗结构趋向合理,饲料供需平衡,经济评价中各指标均显示经济效益显著,表明生态经济结构明显有利于生态经济系统的进展演变,流域生态经济结构趋于稳定,生态经济效益显著。

全球气候变暖对西沙、南沙海域珊瑚生长的潜在威胁

利用近50年来西沙、南沙海域SST及全球温度资料，分析西沙、南沙海域SST的

CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH FLUENCE NEUTRON-INDUCED DEFECT LEVELS IN HIGH-RESISTIVITY SILICON DETECTORS USING A LASER DEEP-LEVEL TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY (L-DLTS)

Neutron irradiated high resistivity (4-6 kOMEGA-cm) silicon detectors in the neutron fluence (PHI(n)) range of 5 X 10(11) n/cm2 to 1 X 10(14) n/cm2 have been studied using a laser deep level transient spectroscopy (L-DLTS). It has been found that the A-center (oxygen-vacancy, E(c) = 0.17 eV) concentration increases with neutron fluence, reaching a maximum at PHI(n) almost-equal-to 5 X 10(12) n/cm2 before decreasing with PHI(n). A broad peak has been found between 200 K and 300 K, which is the result of the overlap of three single levels: the V-V- (E(c) = 0.38 eV), the E-center (P-V, E(c) = 0.44 eV), and a level at E(c) = 0.56 eV that is probably V-V0. At low neutron fluences (PHI(n) < 5 X 10(12) n/cm2), this broad peak is dominated by V-V- and the E-centers. However, as the fluence increases (PHI(n) greater-than-or-equal-to 5 X 10(12) n/cm2), the peak becomes dominated by the level of E(c) = 0.56 eV.

ZnAl_2O_4缓冲层对ZnO外延层晶体质量的影响

首次报道了通过引入ZnAl_2O_4缓冲层,以金属源化学气相外延法(MVPE)生长的ZnO晶体质量明显提高.ZnAl_2O_4缓冲层是通过对溶胶-凝胶法制备的ZnO薄膜进行高温退火而得到的.用双晶X射线衍射仪(DCXRD)对样品进行了θ-2θ和摇摆曲线测量,在ZnAl_2O_4缓冲层上生长的ZnO厚膜具有高度的择优取向性和良好的晶体质量(摇摆曲线半高宽为342").用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)观察样品横截面,并测得样品厚度约为10μm.

5.3-W Nd:YVO_4 passively mode-locked laser by a novel semiconductor saturable absorber mirror

We report a diode end-pumped continuous wave (CW) passively mode-locked Nd:YVO4 laser with a homemade semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). The maximum average output power is 5.3 W at the incident pump power of 17 W, which corresponds to an optical-optical conversion efficiency of 31.2% and slope efficiency of 34.7%. The corresponding optical spectrum has a 0.2-nm full width at half maximum (FWHM), and the pulse repetition rate is 83 MHz.

Selective Area Growth InGaAsP by MOVPE

The wide stripe (ISjum) selective area growth (SAG) of InGaAsP by low pressure MOVPE is systematically investigated. The characteristics of the growth ratios,thickness enhancement factors .bandgap modulation,and composition modulation vary with the growth conditions such as mask width,growth pressure. Flux of III-group precursors are outlined and the rational mechanism behind SAG MOVPE is explained. In addition,the surface spike of the SAG InGaAsP is shown and the course of it is given by the variation of V /III .

A Single Mode 980nm InGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs Large Optical Cavity Quantum Well Laser with Low Vertical Divergence Angle

To achieve high optical power as well as low vertical divergence angle, a new kind of optimized large optical cavity (LOC) structure is applied to a ridge waveguide 980nm InGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs multi-quantum well laser. The optical power density in the waveguide is successfully reduced. The maximum output power is more than 400mW with a slope efficiency of 0.89W/A and the far-field vertical divergence angle is lowered to 23°.

In situ doping of 3C-SiC grown on (0001) sapphire substrates by LPCVD

The heteroepitaxial growth of n-type and p-type 3C-SiC on (0001) sapphire substrates has been performed with a supply of SiH4+C2H4+H-2 system by introducing ammonia (NH3) and diborane (B2H6) precursors, respectively, into gas mixtures. Intentionally incorporated nitrogen impurity levels were affected by changing the Si/C ratio within the growth reactor. As an acceptor, boron can be added uniformly into the growing 3C-SiC epilayers. Nitrogen-doped 3C-SiC epilayers were n-type conduction, and boron-doped epilayers were p-type and probably heavily compensated.

个性化搜索引擎的研究与设计

个性化搜索引擎是一种通过机器主动学习用户兴趣,并根据用户兴趣帮助用户进行信息筛选的新一代智能化搜索引擎.在对第二代搜索引擎分析的基础上,运用向量空间模型,设计并实现了一个完整的可学习用户兴趣并可动态调整的个性化搜索引擎.在应用向量空间模型的过程中对经典的相似度算法进行了改进和简化,同时对于关键词的学习与提取以及个性化计算的动态调整提出了若干有益的方法.

长白山北坡灌木阔叶红松林定位动态分析

灌木阔叶红松林做为长白山地区的主要地域性顶极群落，其相对稳定程度一直受到有关人士的关注。笔者通过其固定标准地长期观测资料的分析，探讨其中龄林阶段、近熟林阶段、以及从中龄林演替到近熟林过程中，该类型森林生态系统的动态规律。首先，在中龄林（建群种红松的优势木年龄约为170年）阶段的十年动态规律是：在林冠层中，立木总株数显著增多，其中槭树和椴树株数激增现象尤为明显。枯倒木树种有限（仅四种），且大、中、小径级枯倒木株数比为3:5:15，中、小径级枯倒木多为砸倒木。种群平均胸径除槭树、椴树和榆树出现负增长外，余者均有所增大。立木树冠相对高度变化不明显，红松立木大多仍处于被压冠状态。总生物量由305.40吨/公顷增343.04公顷，其中各种群生物量均有不同程度的增加。十年中，因枯倒木而使其总生物量损失了9.18吨/公顷。群落更新状况不良。十年中更新幼苗幼树的保存率极低，且总株数由4775株/公顷降至3700株/公顷。其中红松更新尤为恶化。群落中灌木和草本植被的生物量，无论是地上部分还是地下部分，均略有增大趋势。在其土壤层中，浅层的发生有机养分富积现象显著。其降水和气温变化状况为：降水和温度的林、内外年变化规律正相关性较强，且林内均低于林外。降水和气温的年代变化规律不明显。其次，在近熟林（建群种红松的优势木年龄约为260年阶段其林冠层九年动态规律为：活立木总株数增加稀少，红松、蒙古栎和榆树的株数均保持相对而言稳定。枯树木树种较多（仅蒙古栎未发生枯倒），且大、中、小径级枯倒木株数之比为8：4：8，其中风倒和病腐枯倒木所占比重较大。各种群平均胸径和平均冠幅均有所增大。红松树冠具有冲破上层阔叶树冠进入林冠层上层的趋势。总蓄积具增大趋势，种群蓄积除白桦外均有所增大。总生物量由342.64吨/公顷增至355.45吨/公顷，其中槭树、椴树和白桦的生物量受枯倒木的影响，出现负增长现象。最后，群落由中龄林演替至近熟林过程中的动态规律是：在林冠层，活立木总株数减少趋势显著，但种群按株数多少排序的结构变化不大。枯倒木的树种有增多趋势，且其平均胸径由25.13厘米升至31.69厘米。种群平均胸径和平均冠幅均有增大趋势。总蓄积量505.34立米米/公顷升至524.00立方米/公顷。总生物量由343.04吨/公顷增至355.45吨/公顷，其平均年增长量有明显的趋势。在演替层，立木种类和株数均有减少趋势，使得结构较简单的演替层更趋于简单化。在该层中，未发现建群种红松的存在。总生物量由2.64吨/公顷降至2.44吨/公顷。在更新层，更新状况由不良趋于恶化。幼苗树总株数由3846株/公顷降至2946株/公顷，其中红松更新株数所占比重趋于减少至零。在灌木层，灌木总株数由6125株/公顷降至5575株/公顷，其中大灌木株数增多，而小灌木株数减少。毛榛子于灌木层中株数所占比重最大，由33%升至42%。总生物量由2.85吨/公顷升至4.85吨/公顷。在草本层中，草本植被的种类，总株数和总盖度均有增多或增大的趋势。总生物量由0.77吨/公顷升至1.04吨/公顷。群落的总生物量由349.28吨/公顷升至363.78吨/公顷。在土壤层中，有机养分在浅层的发生层中富积现象较显著，且其浅层发生层的酸度有减弱至趋于中性的趋势。本文的动态分析不仅为该林型动态数学模型的建立和检验提供了更为可靠的依据，同时对于其经营措施的制定具有一定的科学价值。