926 resultados para 2ND CHANCE


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Der „European copyright code“ des Wittem-Projekts von 4/2010 ist pragmatisch, konstruktiv-konservativ ausgefallen. Traditionell das Werk- und Autorenverständnis. Schrankenregelungen werden über einen hybriden Ansatz offen gehalten. Bildung und Wissenschaft werden nicht gerade verwöhnt. Die Wittem-Gruppe hat sich nicht in den „Treibsand visionärer Modelle“ begeben wollen. Ein guter Text, aber dann doch nicht wirklich wegweisend für den Umgang mit Wissen und Information in elektronischen Räumen, am ehesten noch durch den Vorschlag einer Schrankenbestimmung zur Begünstigung des wirtschaftlichen Wettbewerbs.

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Commentary on: Farkouh ME, Domanski M, Sleeper LA, et al. Strategies for multivessel revascularisation in patients with diabetes. N Engl J Med 2012;367:2375–84.

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Abstract PURPOSE: In 2003 we reported on the outcomes of 88 patients with node positive disease who underwent radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection (median 21 nodes) between 1989 and 1999. Patients with limited nodal disease appeared to have a good chance of long-term survival, even without immediate adjuvant therapy (androgen deprivation therapy and/or radiotherapy). In this study we update the followup in these patients and verify the reported projected probability of survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The projected 10-year cancer specific survival probability after the initially reported followup of 3.2 years was 60% for these patients with node positive disease. The outcome has been updated after a median followup of 15.6 years. RESULTS: Of the 39 patients with 1 positive node 7 (18%) remained biochemically relapse-free, 11 (28%) showed biochemical relapse only and 21 (54%) experienced clinical progression. Of these 39 patients 22 (57%) never required deferred androgen deprivation therapy and 12 (31%) died of prostate cancer. All patients with 2 (20) or more than 2 (29) positive nodes experienced biochemical relapse and only 5 (10%) of these 49 experienced no clinical progression. Of these 49 patients 39 (80%) received deferred androgen deprivation therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Biochemical relapse is likely in patients with limited nodal disease after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection, but for 47% of patients this does not imply death from prostate cancer. Patients with 1 positive node have a good (75%) 10-year cancer specific survival probability and a 20% chance of remaining biochemical relapse-free even without immediate adjuvant therapy.

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Introduction. Prospective Memory (PM), defined as the ability to remember to perform intended activities at some point in the future (Kliegel & Jäger, 2007), is crucial to succeed in everyday life. PM seems to increase over the childhood years (Zimmermann & Meier, 2006), but yet little is known about PM competences in children in general, but also about factors that influence its development. Currently, a number of studies has focused on factors that might influence PM performance, with EF being potentially influencing mechanisms (Ford, Driscoll, Shum & Macaulay, 2012; Mahy & Moses, 2011). Also metacognitive processes (MC: monitoring and control) are assumed to be involved while learning or optimizing one’s performance (Krebs & Roebers, 2010; 2012; Roebers, Schmid, & Roderer, 2009). Yet, the empirical relation between PM, EF and MC remains rather unclear. We intend to examine relations and explain individual differences in PM performance. Method. An empirical cross-sectional study on 120 2nd graders will be presented. Participants completed six EF tasks (a Stroop, two Updating Tasks, two Shifting Tasks, a Flanker Task), a computerised event-based PM Task and a MC spelling task. Children were tested individually in two sessions of 30 minutes each. Each of the three EF components defined by Miyake, Friedman, Emerson, Witzki & Howerter (2002) was represented by two variables. PM performance was represented by PM accuracy. Metacognitive processes (control, monitoring) were represented separately. Results. Preliminary analyses (SEM) indicate a substantial association between EF (updating, inhibition) and PM. Further, MC seems to be significantly related only to EF. We will explore whether metacognitive monitoring is related to PM monitoring (Roebers, 2002; Mantylä, 2007). As to EF and MC, we expect the two domains to be empirically well distinguishable and nevertheless substantially interrelated. Discussion. The results are discussed on a broader and interindividual level.

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Auch der Lebenslauf unterliegt einem gesellschaftlichen Wandel. Übergänge zwischen Phasen bergen Unsicherheiten in sich. > Ist die Gestaltung des eigenen Lebenslaufs anspruchsvoller geworden? Transitionen (Übergange) sind abhängig von: 1. Gesellschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen, alters- und zeitspezifischen Erwartungen (z.B. Pensionierung) 2. Menschen unterscheiden sich stark, wie sie Übergange in ihrem Lebenslauf bewältigen 3. Individuellen körperlichen, psychischen, sozialen Ansprüchen, Möglichkeiten und Ressourcen > Wie hat sich das verändert in den letzten Jahren und Jahrzehnten in ihrem Leben? Gewinne und Verluste in der zweiten Lebenshälfte: > Wie bewerten Sie Ihre zweite Lebenshälfte im Hinblick auf Gewinne und Verluste? Zeit heilt Wunden, doch Zeit allein genügt nicht – es braucht auch Eigeninitiative! > Wie gelang es mir, mich selber nach Übergängen/Krisen wieder aufzufangen? > Gelang es mir, jemanden aus meinem Umfeld bei einem Übergang zu unterstützen? Resilienz (Widerstandsfähigkeit) – stark durchs Leben 1. Soziale Kontakte aufbauen und erhalten (Familie, Freunde, Kirche etc.). 2. Krisen nicht als unüberwindliches Problem betrachten. 3. Realistische Ziele setzen. 4. Die Opferrolle verlassen, aktiv werden. 5. An die eigene Kompetenz glauben. 6. Eine Langzeitperspektive einnehmen. 7. Für sich selbst sorgen. > Welche Punkte sind einfach, welche eher schwierig umzusetzen? Schlüsselqualifikationen für die Bewältigung von biografischen Übergängen: • Selbstverantwortlichkeit, Gewissenhaftigkeit • Zielstrebigkeit, Wille, Ausdauer • Sinnvolle Betätigung, Kreativität • Optimismus und Zuversicht – Humor Selbstverantwortlichkeit ist bis ins hohe Alter lernbar und ver-lernbar. Die Umgebung kann Selbstverantwortlichkeit fördern oder verwehren. Zielstrebigkeit und die eigenen Standards: > Hartnäckig verfolgen oder flexibel anpassen? Was ist besser? Kreativität / Schaffenskraft: • Offen, staunend • Denken im „sowohl – als auch“, aushalten, wenn etwas mehrdeutig ist • Hingabe, Fleiss, Frustrationstoleranz, Beharrlichkeit Erfolgreich, weil • Überzeugt, das Richtige zu tun • Selbstwirksam: der Glaube an sich und daran, dass man „es“ kann • Eigene Standards: Geduld, Ausdauer, Fleiss > In welchen Punkten bin ich mit zunehmendem Alter stärker geworden?

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The gladiator cemetery discovered in Ephesus (Turkey) in 1993 dates to the 2nd and 3rd century AD. The aim of this study is to reconstruct diverse diet, social stratification, and migration of the inhabitants of Roman Ephesus and the distinct group of gladiators. Stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur isotope analysis were applied, and inorganic bone elements (strontium, calcium) were determined. In total, 53 individuals, including 22 gladiators, were analysed. All individuals consumed C3 plants like wheat and barley as staple food. A few individuals show indication of consumption of C4 plants. The δ13C values of one female from the gladiator cemetery and one gladiator differ from all other individuals. Their δ34S values indicate that they probably migrated from another geographical region or consumed different foods. The δ15N values are relatively low in comparison to other sites from Roman times. A probable cause for the depletion of 15N in Ephesus could be the frequent consumption of legumes. The Sr/Ca-ratios of the gladiators were significantly higher than the values of the contemporary Roman inhabitants. Since the Sr/Ca-ratio reflects the main Ca-supplier in the diet, the elevated values of the gladiators might suggest a frequent use of a plant ash beverage, as mentioned in ancient texts.