鰟鮍鱼类产卵时对河蚌鳃不同位置的选择

鰟鮍是鲤科中的一群小型鱼类,在繁殖季节,鱼类产卵于河蚌的鳃腔内,鰟鮍鱼卵在河蚌鳃上的分布有一定的规律性。以前的研究主要是关于不同的鰟鮍鱼类对河蚌不同物种的选择,而对鱼类产卵时在河蚌鳃的上具体位置研究很少。本研究分为野外和室内两部分,野外现场解剖16种河蚌并统计观察鱼卵在鳃上的位置;室内选择六种代表性的淡水河蚌鱼尾楔蚌(Cuneopsispisciculus)、圆顶珠蚌(Unioclouglasiae)、失衡丽蚌(Lamprotulatortuosa)、洞穴丽蚌(L·caveata)、背角无齿蚌(A

南方某地妇女儿童血液中多氯联苯蓄积水平调查

目的了解我国南方某多氯联苯(PCBs)高暴露地区的妇女、儿童体内PCBs的蓄积水平。方法采集当地某小学中符合条件的50对母子的血液,用GC-MS法进行PCBs含量的测定。结果儿童血液中所测的13种PCBs的浓度最大值为505 ng/g类脂,几何均数为192 ng/g类脂;母亲血液中所测的13种PCBs的总浓度的最大值为461 ng/g类脂,几何均数为176 ng/g类脂;儿童和母亲血液中PCBs含量的相关系数为0.74。结论该地区妇女和儿童血液中检测出较高水平的PCBs,儿童和母亲血液中PCBs含量呈现较

Numerical study of soil heterogeneity effects on contaminant transport in unsaturated soil (model development and validation)

The movement of chemicals through soil to groundwater is a major cause of degradation of water resources. In many cases, serious human and stock health implications are associated with this form of pollution. The study of the effects of different factors involved in transport phenomena can provide valuable information to find the best remediation approaches. Numerical models are increasingly being used for predicting or analyzing solute transport processes in soils and groundwater. This article presents the development of a stochastic finite element model for the simulation of contaminant transport through soils with the main focus being on the incorporation of the effects of soil heterogeneity in the model. The governing equations of contaminant transport are presented. The mathematical framework and the numerical implementation of the model are described. The comparison of the results obtained from the developed stochastic model with those obtained from a deterministic method and some experimental results shows that the stochastic model is capable of predicting the transport of solutes in unsaturated soil with higher accuracy than deterministic one. The importance of the consideration of the effects of soil heterogeneity on contaminant fate is highlighted through a sensitivity analysis regarding the variance of saturated hydraulic conductivity as an index of soil heterogeneity. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

福尔马林固定白鱀豚标本DNA提取及其遗传多样性的初步研究

福尔马林固定标本是宝贵的遗传资源,但是如何有效利用其中的遗传信息一直存在问题。本文尝试从标本预处理、消化、PCR扩增各方面综合考虑和优化改进,成功提取并扩增21头福尔马林固定白豚标本线粒体DNA控制区410bp片段。采用了3种预处理方法尽量去除固定标本中残存的甲醛,从试验结果来看,从酒精梯度+临界点干燥处理的标本中提取的DNA在扩增时具有明显优势。通过蛋白酶K消化过程中对于酶的浓度、温浴时间的比较试验,发现随着采用大幅提高酶浓度、延长消化时间等高强度的蛋白酶消化操作后,DNA的质量和产量均得到显著提高。

DNA加合物研究及在环境毒理学中的应用

致癌物在生物体内经解毒系统诱导与生物体内的DNA形成加合物,DNA加合物综合反映了生物体对致癌物的暴露、吸收、分布、代谢以及机体对DNA的修复能力,是致癌物有效作用的量度,与致癌作用直接相关。目前较多用于DNA加合物测定的方法是~(32)P后标记技术。DNA加合物作为一项反映人群暴露于致癌物的指标在肿瘤分子流行病学研究中得到了较好的应用,鱼与哺乳动物一样可活化致癌物形成DNA加合物,由于解毒系统不完善及DNA修复能力差而对致癌物特别敏感,因此鱼及其他水生动物的DNA加合物研究受到重视并且一直引人注目。

莲胚愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的研究

<正> 关于莲胚组织培养国內外有过研究,但迄今利用组织培养技术从莲胚诱导愈伤组织形成再生植株的成功例子尚未见有报道。材料与方法材料为本所莲(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)良种育种组选育出来的小型花莲“君子莲”、“太真出浴”、“小满江红”、“A22”和“瓣尖红”等5个品

主成分分析方法在鲢鱼种生长体征指标分析中的应用

<正> 鱼类的生长是一个复杂的过程。生长时不单长度增长、体积增大,还伴随着体内生理状况的变化,生长不仅表现为种的遗传性,而且受到环境因素的影响。鱼类生长过程中的特点通常用个别体征指标,如长度、重量的变化来描述,体高则很少考虑到(陈佩熏等,1965;,1953,1972;1959),其实不论从哪一指标来反映都不全面。鱼体生长随着时间的推移,不仅长度增长、重量增加,而且鱼体的高度也增大,它们各自的增长不是孤立的,而是相互之间存在着某种内在联系,并且每种鱼类的这种联系都有自己的特点。采用体征的多指标变化来描述鱼

Multi-frequency operation of a mems vibration energy harvester by accessing five orders of parametric resonance

The mechanical amplification effect of parametric resonance has the potential to outperform direct resonance by over an order of magnitude in terms of power output. However, the excitation must first overcome the damping-dependent initiation threshold amplitude prior to accessing this more profitable region. In addition to activating the principal (1st order) parametric resonance at twice the natural frequency ω0, higher orders of parametric resonance may be accessed when the excitation frequency is in the vicinity of 2ω0/n for integer n. Together with the passive design approaches previously developed to reduce the initiation threshold to access the principal parametric resonance, vacuum packaging (< 10 torr) is employed to further reduce the threshold and unveil the higher orders. A vacuum packaged MEMS electrostatic harvester (0.278 mm3) exhibited 4 and 5 parametric resonance peaks at room pressure and vacuum respectively when scanned up to 10 g. At 5.1 ms-2, a peak power output of 20.8 nW and 166 nW is recorded for direct and principal parametric resonance respectively at atmospheric pressure; while a peak power output of 60.9 nW and 324 nW is observed for the respective resonant peaks in vacuum. Additionally, unlike direct resonance, the operational frequency bandwidth of parametric resonance broadens with lower damping. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

A parametrically excited vibration energy harvester

In the arena of vibration energy harvesting, the key technical challenges continue to be low power density and narrow operational frequency bandwidth. While the convention has relied upon the activation of the fundamental mode of resonance through direct excitation, this article explores a new paradigm through the employment of parametric resonance. Unlike the former, oscillatory amplitude growth is not limited due to linear damping. Therefore, the power output can potentially build up to higher levels. Additionally, it is the onset of non-linearity that eventually limits parametric resonance; hence, this approach can also potentially broaden the operating frequency range. Theoretical prediction and numerical modelling have suggested an order higher in oscillatory amplitude growth. An experimental macro-sized electromagnetic prototype (practical volume of ∼1800 cm3) when driven into parametric resonance, has demonstrated around 50% increase in half power band and an order of magnitude higher peak power density normalised against input acceleration squared (293 μW cm-3 m-2 s4 with 171.5 mW at 0.57 m s-2) in contrast to the same prototype directly driven at fundamental resonance (36.5 μW cm-3 m-2 s4 with 27.75 mW at 0.65 m s-2). This figure suggests promising potentials while comparing with current state-of-the-art macro-sized counterparts, such as Perpetuum's PMG-17 (119 μW cm-3 m-2 s4). © The Author(s) 2013.

Self-organization of spinal reflexes involving homonymous, antagonist and synergistic interactions

Recent results in spinal research are challenging the historical view that the spinal reflexes are mostly hardwired and fixed behaviours. In previous work we have shown that three of the simplest spinal reflexes could be self-organised in an agonist-antagonist pair of muscles. The simplicity of these reflexes is given from the fact that they entail at most one interneuron mediating the connectivity between afferent inputs and efferent outputs. These reflexes are: the Myotatic, the Reciprocal Inibition and the Reverse Myotatic reflexes. In this paper we apply our framework to a simulated 2D leg model actuated by six muscles (mono- and bi-articular). Our results show that the framework is successful in learning most of the spinal reflex circuitry as well as the corresponding behaviour in the more complicated muscle arrangement. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

大功率激光二极管泵浦技术的研究

Submitted by zhangdi (zhangdi@red.semi.ac.cn) on 2009-04-13T11:45:31Z

Synthesis and characterization of well-aligned Zn1-xMgxO nanorods and film by metal organic chemical vapor deposition

Well-aligned Zn1-xMgxO nanorods and film with Mg-content x from 0 to 0.051 have been successfully synthesized by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) without any catalysts. The characterization results showed that the diameters and lengths of the nanorods were in the range of 20-80 nm and 330-360 nm, which possessed wurtzite structure with a c-axis growth direction. As the increase of Mg precursor flows into the growth chamber, the morphology of Zn1-xMgxO evolves from nanorods to a film with scale-like surface and the height of the nanorods and the film was almost identical, it is suggested that the growth rate along the c-axis was hardly changed while the growth of six equivalent facets of the type {1 0 (1) over bar 0} of the Zn1-xMgxO has been improved. Photoluminescence and Raman spectra show that the products have a good crystal quality with few oxygen vacancies. With the Mg incorporation, multiple-phonon scattering become weak and broad, and the intensities of all observed vibrational modes decrease. And the ultraviolet near-band-edge emission shows a clear blueshift (x=0.051, as much as 90 meV) and slightly broadening compared with that of pure ZnO nanorods. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Magnetic ordering and irreversible magnetization between ZFC and FC states in RCo5Ga7 compounds

The magnetic properties of RCo5Ga7 (R = Y, Tb, Dy, Ho and Er) compounds which crystallize in the ScFe6Ga6-type structure have been studied. The compounds with R, Y, Tb, Dy, Ho and Er display behaviour similar to semiconductors. The Co transition metal sublattice is ferrimagnetic with a very low spontaneous magnetization. The ferrimagnetic ordering observed for R = Y, Tb, Dy, Ho and Er is due to the transition metal sublattice with transition temperatures at about 295 K. At low temperatures, the magnetic ordering for R Tb, Dy, Ho and Er is due to the rare-earth sublattice, which is ferromagnetic with a Curie temperature below 5 K. By fitting the linear part of the inverse magnetization, the effective magnetic moment of the R ion is found to be close to its expected theoretical value, with paramagnetic Curie temperatures below 5 K. Due to the paramagnetic nature of the R sublattice above 60 K, the ferrimagnetic ordering temperature of the Co sublattice does not vary with the type of rare-earth ion. The irreversibility of the magnetization of YCo5Ga7, as measured in zero-field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) states, is attributed to movement of domain walls. Application of a large enough applied field completes the movement of the domain wall from the low-temperature to the high-temperature one at 5 K. With a very low magnetic field 100 Oe, the difference between the ZFC and the FC shrinks. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Molecular beam epitaxy growth and photoluminescence study of room temperature 1.31 mu m (InyGa1-yAs/GaAs1-x Sb-x)/ GaAs bilayer quantum wells

Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of (InyGa1-yAs/GaAs1-xSbx)/GaAs bilayer quantum well (BQW) structures has been investigated. It is evidenced by photo luminescence (PL) that a strong blue shift of the PL peak energy of 47 meV with increasing PL excitation power from 0.63 to 20 mW was observed, indicating type II band alignment of the BQW. The emission wavelength at room temperature from (InyGa1-yAs/GaAs1-xSbx)/GaAs BQW is longer (above 1.2 μ m) than that from InGaAs/GaAs and GaAsSb/GaAs SQW structures (1.1 μ m range), while the emission efficiency from the BQW structures is comparable to that of the SQW. Through optimizing growth conditions, we have obtained room temperature 1.31 μ m wavelength emission from the (InyGa1-yAs/GaAs1-xSbx)/GaAs BQW. Our results have proved experimentally that the GaAs-based bilayer (InyGa1-yAs/GaAs1-xSbx)/GaAs quantum well is a useful structure for the fabrication of near-infrared wavelength optoelectronic devices. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.