Deposition of diamond-like carbon films by photon-enhanced chemical vapour deposition of methane using a windowless hydrogen lamp

Thin films of diamond-like carbon (DLC) have been deposited using a novel photon-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (photo-CVD) method. This low energy method may be a way to produce better interfaces in electronic devices by reducing damage due to ion bombardment. Methane requires high energy photons for photolysis to take place and these are not transmitted in most photo-CVD methods owing to the presence of a window between the lamp and the deposition environment. In our photo-CVD system there is no window and all the high energy photons are transmitted into the reaction gas. Initial work has proved promising and this paper presents recent results. Films have been characterized by measuring electron energy loss spectra, by ellipsometry and by fabricating and testing diode structures. Results indicate that the films are of a largely amorphous nature and are semiconducting. Diode structures have on/off current ratios of up to 106.

Alternative uses of partitioning interwell tracer tests for DNAPL source zone characterisation

The heterogeneous nature of the subsurface and associated DNAPL morphologies often poses the greatest limitation to source zone clean-up strategies. Hence, detailed site characterisation techniques are required. The data presented in this paper has been collected from a series of laboratory 2-D tank experiments and numerical simulations of Partitioning Interwell Tracer Tests (PITT) in a wide range of aquifer conditions and DNAPL morphologies. Alternative uses of tracer breakthrough data have been developed In order to characterise the mass flux generated from the DNAPL source. By combining the laboratory and numerical data, a relationship between normalised mass flux and tracer-based average source zone DNAPL saturation has been established. Knowledge of such a relationship allows remediation targets to be identified, clean-up efficiencies to be evaluated, and increases the accuracy of any risk assessment.

A comparison of methods for the coupled analysis of floating structures

The dynamic analysis of a deepwater floating platform and the associated mooring/riser system should ideally be fully coupled to ensure a reliable response prediction. It is generally held that a time domain analysis is the only means of capturing the various coupling and nonlinear effects accurately. However, in recent work it has been found that for an ultra-deepwater floating system (2000m water depth), the highly efficient frequency domain approach can provide highly accurate response predictions. One reason for this is the accuracy of the drag linearization procedure over both first and second order motions, another reason is the minimal geometric nonlinearity displayed by the mooring lines in deepwater. In this paper, the aim is to develop an efficient analysis method for intermediate water depths, where both mooring/vessel coupling and geometric nonlinearity are of importance. It is found that the standard frequency domain approach is not so accurate for this case and two alternative methods are investigated. In the first, an enhanced frequency domain approach is adopted, in which line nonlinearities are linearized in a systematic way. In the second, a hybrid approach is adopted in which the low frequency motion is solved in the time domain while the high frequency motion is solved in the frequency domain; the two analyses are coupled by the fact that (i) the low frequency motion affects the mooring line geometry for the high frequency motion, and (ii) the high frequency motion affects the drag forces which damp the low frequency motion. The accuracy and efficiency of each of the methods are systematically compared. Copyright © 2007 by ASME.

Ichthyofaunal diversity of great Nicobar Island, Bay of Bengal

Ichthyofauna was studied in the inshore waters around the Great Nicobar Island to assess the extent of biodiversity of fishery resources in the Great Nicobar waters by using various gears and crafts. During the present study, 258 species of fin fishes belonging to 141 genera, 84 families and 19 orders were recorded. Among these, Perciformes topped the list with 47 families, 84 genera and 169 species followed by Clupeiformes, Angulliformes, Tetrodoniformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Scorpaeniformes, Rajiformes, Elopiformes, Pleuronectiformes, Syluriformes, Laminiformes, Bercyformes, Aelopiformes, Syngathiformes and Gonorhychiformes which includes the medicinally important and ornamentally valuable species.

GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE CHINESE PANGOLIN (MANIS-PENTADACTYLA) INFERRED FROM PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS

We examined protein polymorphism of Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) from Yunnan Province of China, including two forms of three brown and nine dusky Chinese pangolins. Sixty-two genetic loci were screened; 12 loci were found to be polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci (P) is 0.194, the mean individual heterozygosity (H) is 0.078, and the mean number of alleles (A) is 1.258. Furthermore, we calculated the genetic distance (D) between the two forms and found a low level of genetic divergence (D = 0.0206) between them, which indicates an almost-indistinguishable divergence at the level of proteins.

福尔马林固定云南鲴的DNA提取及其细胞色素b基因序列分析

鱼类是脊椎动物中最原始而在种属数量又最占优势的一个类群. 其分布广泛, 起源复杂, 阐明其系统进化途径, 历来是令人感兴趣的课题. 随着分子生物学向经典分类学领域渗透, 现在已可以通过 DNA 序列的比较来探讨生物的系统发育. 对于鱼类, 已有不少学者作了尝试. 由于受技术的制约, 用以研究的材料, 常常都要求新鲜. 但由于自然环境的变迁和人类的过度捕捞, 许多在系统进化研究中有代表意义的物种, 已非常稀少, 甚至濒临灭绝, 这给获取新鲜标本, 造成困难, 而许多标本馆, 由于多年的积累, 收藏的标本较齐全, 且绝大多数保存于4%-10%的福尔马林中。

大蹼铃蟾血管扩张因子及其制备方法和其基因

本发明涉及大蹼铃蟾血管扩张因子及其制备方法和其基因，属于生物医学领域。其血管扩张因子为从中国两栖类动物大蹼铃蟾(Bombinamaxima)皮肤分泌物中分离得到的一种单链多肽，分子量2985，等电点10.2，多肽氨基酸全序列一级结构为：NH2－GIGRKFLGGVKTTFRCGVKDFASKHLY－NH2。制备方法是收集大蹼铃蟾皮肤分泌物，离心去除沉淀、冷冻干燥后，经离子交换、高压液相反相柱层析分离纯化后即得到。编码血管扩张因子的基因由647个核苷酸组成，其中编码成熟血管扩张因子为第178－258位核苷酸。其血管扩张因子具有显著的扩张血管特别是微血管的作用，其基因作为基因工程制备血管扩张因子的应用。

Pipeline uplift response in thawed sandy backfills: Preliminary findings

Offshore and onshore buried pipelines under high operating temperature and pressures may lead to upheaval buckling (UHB) if sufficient soil cover is not present to prevent the upward movement of the pipeline. In regions where seasonal changes involve ground soil undergoing freezing-thawing cycles, the uplift resistance from soil cover may be minimum when the soil is undergoing thawing. This paper presents the results from 2 directly-comparable minidrum centrifuge tests conducted at the Schofield Centre, University of Cambridge, to investigate the difference in uplift resistance responses between fully-saturated and thawed sandy backfill conditions. Both tests were conducted drained at 30g using an 8.6 mm diameter aluminium model pipe, corresponding to a prototype pipe diameter of 258 mm. The soil cover/pipe diameter ratio, H/D, was kept at 1. Fraction E fine silica sand was used as the backfill. Preliminary experimental results indicated that the ultimate uplift resistance of a thawing sand backfill to be lower than that of a fully saturated sand backfill. This suggests that in regions where backfill soil undergoes freeze-thaw cycles, the thawing backfill may be more critical than fully saturated backfill for uplift resistance. The 2-dimensional displacement field during the experiment was accurately measured and analysed using the Particle Image Velocimetry technique. Copyright © 2011 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE).

A hierarchical approach coupled with coarse DEM information for improving the efficiency and accuracy of forest mapping over very rugged terrains

Forest mapping over mountainous terrains is difficult because of high relief Although digital elevation models (DEMs) are often useful to improve mapping accuracy, high quality DEMs are seldom available over large areas, especially in developing countries

中药材鹿茸的分子分类学鉴定研究唐双焱

：目的建立中药材鹿茸的分子分类学鉴定试剂盒。方法根据对不同产地的梅花鹿、马鹿线粒体"#$ 进行%&’ 扩增 和序列测定，并与亲缘关系较近的伪充药材来源动物线粒体"#$ 同位置序列比较，找到鹿的特征片段，经过实际检验，筛选 出合适片段作为鹿的种属特异性%&’ 引物。结果该引物与相关试剂组成试剂盒后，可用于中药材鹿茸与伪充药材的鉴 别。结论用分子分类学方法鉴别中药材鹿茸，具有科学、稳定、准确、简便等特点，值得推广。

非损伤性方法的建立及其在亚洲黑熊分子遗传学研究中的应用

采用Bio-Rad公司“InstaGene Purification Matrix”从遗落于地上的亚洲黑熊单根毛发样品中提取出基因组DNA。此法简便、快速、仅需一个步骤---在该试剂中以100℃裂解细胞。不必再经酚和氯仿抽提。用PCR技术从这种毛发DNA中扩增了线粒体细胞色素b基因片断, 并测定了该片段的DNA。此项工作为开展亚洲黑熊及其他哺乳动物野生群体的分子遗传学研究奠定了基础。

Molecular evolution of GH in primates: characterisation of the GH genes from slow loris and marmoset defines an episode of rapid evolutionary change

Pituitary growth hormone (GH), like several other protein hormones, shows an unusual episodic pattern of molecular evolution in which sustained bursts of rapid change are imposed on long periods of very slow evolution (near-stasis). A marked period of rap