Manual para la producción de carbón vegetal con métodos simples [por] F. Wolf [y] E. Vogel

UANL

Sedimentology and Geochemistry of core sediments from the Ashtamudi estuary and the adjoining coastal plain,central Kerala,India

The evolution of coast through geological time scale is dependent on the transgression-regression event subsequent to the rise or fall of sea level. This event is accounted by investigation of the vertical sediment deposition patterns and their interrelationship for paleo-enviornmental reconstruction. Different methods like sedimentological (grain size and micro-morphological) and geochemical (elemental relationship) analyses as well as radiocarbon dating are generally used to decipher the sea level changes and paleoclimatic conditions of the Quaternary sediment sequence. For the Indian coast with a coastline length of about 7500 km, studies on geological and geomorphological signatures of sea level changes during the Quaternary were reported in general by researchers during the last two decades. However, for the southwest coast of India particularily Kerala which is famous for its coastal landforms comprising of estuaries, lagoons, backwaters, coastal plains, cliffs and barrier beaches, studies pertaining to the marine transgression-regression events in the southern region are limited. The Neendakara-Kayamkulam coastal stretch in central Kerala where the coast is manifested with shore parallel Kayamkulam Lagoon on one side and shore perpendicular Ashtamudi Estuary on the other side indicating existence of an uplifted prograded coastal margin followed by barrier beaches, backwater channels, ridge and runnel topography is an ideal site for studying such events. Hence the present study has been taken up in this context to address the gap area. The location for collection of core samples representing coastal plain, estuarylagoon and offshore regions have been identified based on published literature and available sedimentary records. The objectives of the research work are:  To study the lithological variations and depositional environments of sediment cores along the coastal plain, estuary-lagoon and offshore regions between Kollam and Kayamkulam in the central Kerala coast  To study the transportation and diagenetic history of sediments in the area  To investigate the geochemical characterization of sediments and to elucidate the source-sink relationship  To understand the marine transgression-regression events and to propose a conceptual model for the region The thesis comprises of 8 chapters. The first chapter embodies the preamble for the selection and significance of this research work. The study area is introduced with details on its physiographical, geological, geomorphological, rainfall and climate information. A review of literature, compiling the research on different aspects such as physico-chemical, geomorphological, tectonics, transgression-regression events are presented in the second chapter and they are broadly classified into three viz:- International, National and Kerala. The field data collection and laboratory analyses adopted in the research work are discussed in the third chapter. For collection of sediment core samples from the coastal plains, rotary drilling method was employed whereas for the estuary-lagoon and offshore locations the gravity/piston corer method was adopted. The collected subsurficial samples were analysed for texture, surface micro-texture, elemental analysis, XRD and radiocarbon dating techniques for age determination. The fourth chapter deals with the textural analysis of the core samples collected from various predefined locations of the study area. The result reveals that the Ashtamudi Estuary is composed of silty clay to clayey type of sediments whereas offshore cores are carpeted with silty clay to relict sand. Investigation of the source of sediments deposited in the coastal plain located on either side of the estuary indicates the dominance of terrigenous to marine origin in the southern region whereas it is predominantly of marine origin towards the north. Further the hydrodynamic conditions as well as the depositional enviornment of the sediment cores are elucidated based on statistical parameters that decipher the deposition pattern at various locations viz., coastal plain (open to closed basin), Ashtamudi Estuary (partially open to restricted estuary to closed basin) and offshore (open channel). The intensity of clay minerals is also discussed. From the results of radiocarbon dating the sediment depositional environments were deciphered.The results of the microtextural study of sediment samples (quartz grains) using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) are presented in the fifth chapter. These results throw light on the processes of transport and diagenetic history of the detrital sediments. Based on the lithological variations, selected quartz grains of different environments were also analysed. The study indicates that the southern coastal plain sediments were transported and deposited mechanically under fluvial environment followed by diagenesis under prolonged marine incursion. But in the case of the northern coastal plain, the sediments were transported and deposited under littoral environment indicating the dominance of marine incursion through mechanical as well as chemical processes. The quartz grains of the Ashtamudi Estuary indicate fluvial origin. The surface texture features of the offshore sediments suggest that the quartz grains are of littoral origin and represent the relict beach deposits. The geochemical characterisation of sediment cores based on geochemical classification, sediment maturity, palaeo-weathering and provenance in different environments are discussed in the sixth chapter. In the seventh chapter the integration of multiproxies data along with radiocarbon dates are presented and finally evolution and depositional history based on transgression–regression events is deciphered. The eighth chapter summarizes the major findings and conclusions of the study with recommendation for future work.

Application of discriminant function analysis and change-point problem in dating volcanic ashes

The application of Discriminant function analysis (DFA) is not a new idea in the study of tephrochrology. In this paper, DFA is applied to compositional datasets of two different types of tephras from Mountain Ruapehu in New Zealand and Mountain Rainier in USA. The canonical variables from the analysis are further investigated with a statistical methodology of change-point problems in order to gain a better understanding of the change in compositional pattern over time. Finally, a special case of segmented regression has been proposed to model both the time of change and the change in pattern. This model can be used to estimate the age for the unknown tephras using Bayesian statistical calibration

An alternative method for dating unknown tephras based on a segmented regression model

In CoDaWork’05, we presented an application of discriminant function analysis (DFA) to 4 different compositional datasets and modelled the first canonical variable using a segmented regression model solely based on an observation about the scatter plots. In this paper, multiple linear regressions are applied to different datasets to confirm the validity of our proposed model. In addition to dating the unknown tephras by calibration as discussed previously, another method of mapping the unknown tephras into samples of the reference set or missing samples in between consecutive reference samples is proposed. The application of these methodologies is demonstrated with both simulated and real datasets. This new proposed methodology provides an alternative, more acceptable approach for geologists as their focus is on mapping the unknown tephra with relevant eruptive events rather than estimating the age of unknown tephra. Kew words: Tephrochronology; Segmented regression

La alfombra de la Tierra : el paisaje vegetal andaluz.

El concepto de paisaje puede que sea uno de los más intuitivos y fáciles de entender. Tras esta aparente simplicidad se esconde uno de los conceptos más complejos de interpretar. El paisaje ha sido abordado por distintas disciplinas científicas: la biología, la geología, la geografía, las ciencias sociales y son muy numerosas las escuelas que plantean visiones muy distintas sobre la realidad que supone. En esta unidad didáctica se ha abordado sólo uno de los aspectos del estudio del paisaje: la vegetación. Junto a la orografía, es uno de los elementos más visibles del mismo y, como base de la vida en la Tierra tal y como la entendemos, forma parte de la mayoría de las interacciones que se producen en un espacio concreto: regulación climática, producción y retención de suelo, cobijo y alimento para los animales que allí viven y, una vez reciclada, para las propias plantas.

Tolerance towards dating violence in Spanish adolescents

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Physical and psychological aggression in dating relationships in Spanish university students. 'Agresi??n f??sica y psicol??gica en las relaciones de noviazgo en universitarios espa??oles'

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n. Resumen tambi??n en ingl??s

Prevalence and predictors of sexual aggression in dating relationships of adolescents and young adults

Prevalencia y predictores de la agresi??n sexual en las relaciones de noviazgo en adolescentes y j??venes. Son muchos los estudios publicados que analizan las influencias di??dicas en las relaciones de noviazgo en adolescentes y j??venes adultos. El objetivo de este estudio consiste en aplicar el modelo di??dico de la agresi??n f??sica hacia las parejas a la agresi??n sexual contra las parejas. Se ha utilizado una muestra de 4.052 adolescentes y j??venes adultos de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre los 16 y los 26 a??os. El porcentaje de hombres agresores es significativamente superior que el de mujeres (35,7 por ciento vs 14,9 por ciento), y el porcentaje de v??ctimas de agresi??n sexual fue superior para las mujeres (25,1 por ciento vs 21,7 por ciento). Los resultados muestran que tanto la agresi??n como la victimizaci??n sexual son fundamentalmente de naturaleza psicol??gica, como, por ejemplo, la utilizaci??n de t??cticas coercitivas de naturaleza verbal. Tal como predice el modelo di??dico de agresi??n f??sica en las relaciones de noviazgo, la victimizaci??n sexual se predice en funci??n de la agresi??n sexual de los individuos estudiados tanto en el caso de los hombres como en el de las mujeres.

Algunes propostes didàctiques mitjançant l'estudi d'una espècie vegetal comuna. 'Algunas propuestas didácticas mediante el estudio de una especie vegetal común'.

Uno de los objetivos de la enseñanza de las ciencias de la naturaleza en la ESO es tratar y trabajar los distintos modelos de organización de los seres vivos a la vez que destacar la gran diversidad de formas de vida. Por otro lado cabe tener presente que la necesaria contextualización del currículum en las Baleares promueve el conocimiento de las principales especies de animales y plantas de los ecosistemas más representativos del archipiélago. Se presentan seis propuestas didácticas dirigidas al alumnado del primer o segundo ciclo de ESO, que evidentemente se deben adecuar al centro de trabajo, los cursos seleccionados y a la disponibilidad de materiales. Se considera que la especie vegetal Cneorum tricoccon, llamada vulgarmente acebuche, puede ser una planta muy adecuada para este estudio.

Prevalence, risk factors, and problems associated with dating violence: A literature review

The physical, psychological and sexual violence among the couples of adolescents and young adults that are not married neither cohabiting (well-known generally as “dating violence”), has been object of a vast number of investigations in the last two decades that show a high prevalence inside the adolescent and juvenile population. The objective of this work was to carry out an analysis of the literature in connection with the prevalence, risk factors and difficulties associated with this partner violence type. This analysis allowed to elaborate an outline of the factors that could favor the acts of violence, including the previous experiences of victimization inside and outside the family, the acceptance of the violence toward the couple, and the relationship with pairs that have exercised this form of violence.

El paisaje vegetal de la Comunidad de Madrid durante el holoceno final.

Obra que recoge un análisis de restos vegetales aparecidos en yacimientos arqueológicos de toda la Comunidad de Madrid, desde la prehistoria hasta nuestros días. Los análisis de restos polínicos y vegetales de origen arqueológico, han sido comparados con secuencias similares procedentes de turberas y depósitos naturales del mismo ámbito geográfico, lo que permitirá evaluar hasta qué punto el hombre ha contribuido a valorar con mayor perspectiva el cambio social.

Paisaje vegetal al sur de la Comunidad de Madrid.

Índice general e índice florístico por familias

Variedad vegetal de la comarca de Sada.

Conocer por medio de la observación directa, las especies arbóreas que se encuentran ubicadas en la provincia de La Coruña. Alumnos y profesores de la segunda etapa de EGB, pertenecientes al Centro piloto Pedro Barrio de la Maza, de Mondego-Sada. La investigación parte de un análisis de las características dominantes de los suelos forestales de la provincia: permeabilidad, acidez, ausencia de cal, etc, y del clima. Posteriormente se realizó una excursión a la Fraga del Eume, para que los alumnos viesen en la realidad lo que habían estudiado. De toda la flora descubierta, los alumnos realizaron en clase un esquema de la vegetación silvestre primitiva del lugar en el que se hablaba del: sauce, abedul, aliso, castaño, espino, arce, roble, laurel, fresno, peral silvestre y madroño. Todas estas especies han sido descritas, una vez clasificadas, en todos sus aspectos: hojas, flores, frutos, virtudes, etc. Finalmente, un estudio sobre los incendios forestales. Todos los árboles de la Fraga son aprovechados por el campesino gallego para múltiples usos: leña, para muebles y construcción, gastronomía, para la fijación de terrenos, ornamentación y obtención de mimbres. Algunos poseen características medicinales. Los efectos del fuego: destruye el arbolado, el microclima, y produce cambios, facilitando la erosión. En el año 1975 se cortaron en el Ayuntamiento de Sada 11.750 árboles, con un total de 4.830 m/3 con un importe de 8 millones de pesetas.

The importance of adolescent dating relationships

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Justification beliefs of violence, myths about love and cyber dating abuse

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