Morfologia e duração dos ínstares larvais de Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann) (Diptera, Calliphoridae), em laboratório

Este trabalho visou descrever a morfologia e o tempo de desenvolvimento das larvas de Chrysomya putoria, um importante díptero para saúde pública e medicina legal. As amostras foram coletadas a cada duas horas e, a partir da 56ª hora, as coletas foram realizadas com intervalos de 12 horas até o abandono das larvas maduras do meio de criação. As larvas de C. putoria apresentaram um tempo total de desenvolvimento de 92 horas quando mantidas a 27 ºC com comprimento médio de 13,42 mm e características morfológicas peculiares que as diferenciam das outras espécies exóticas e autóctones do Brasil. O esqueleto cefalofaringeano das larvas de terceiro ínstar é robusto e esclerotizado; o gancho labial é completamente pigmentado e curvo, a parte posterior é mais larga que a anterior, mostrando-se levemente pontiagudo. Estas larvas não possuem esclerito oral acessório e o corno dorsal e o ventral apresentam áreas menos pigmentadas. Nota-se uma região não pigmentada em continuação aos cornos, destacando-se no tamanho na região do corno ventral com uma incisão média bem demarcada. Apresentam de 10 a 11 ramificações no espiráculo anterior, peritrema incompleto e presença do botão espiracular, a partir do segundo ínstar.

The small species of Belostoma Latreille (Heteroptera, Belostomatidae). III. A revision of oxyurum group, with a new species from Brazil and description of the male of B. noualhieri Montandon

Species of the oxyurum group (sensu Lauck) consist of five extant Neotropical small species, whose lengths range 15.0 to 20.0 mm. The anterior interocular width about 1.5 times the width of an eye and ventral diverticulum of phallus flattened, circular, and large are, in combination, diagnostic. The small species of the oxyurum group were included in the Lauck´s key to the identification of the species groups, without dealing with the species included in it because many of them are very similar in appearance. Therefore here we redescribe and key the Belostoma species of the oxyurum group. Belostoma oxyurum (Dufour) is newly recorded from Brazil (Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul). Holotype and lectotype are designated for B. oxyurum and B. sanctulum Montandon, respectively. The aspect of the prosternal keel, the ratio between the width of the ventral diverticulum of phallus and its length in ventral view, and the aspect of dorsal arms of ventral diverticulum have proven useful for better species delimitation. Based on specimens from Pará State (N. Brazil), Belostoma carajaensis Ribeiro & Estévez, sp. nov. is described and illustrated. This new species differs from B. sanctulum in having anteoculus shorter than interoculus and the dorsal arms of ventral diverticulum divergent and large. A male specimen of B. noualhieri Montandon was collected in São Paulo State and based mainly on features of male genitalia, this species is here also included under oxyurum group.

Epidermoid cysts of the velum interpositum.

The cistern of the velum interpositum is a space located between the corpus callosum dorsally and the roof of the third ventricle ventrally. Lesions located within the velum interpositum are rare and include meningiomas, pilocytic astrocytomas, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors and arachnoid cysts. Epidermoid cysts in this location have not been reported previously. We report the clinical and radiological features of two patients with epidermoid cysts located in the velum interpositum. The patients presented with gait difficulty and features of raised intracranial pressure and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated large tumors in the velum interpositum with intensities suggestive of epidermoid cysts. There was ventral displacement of the internal cerebral veins and dorsal displacement of the corpus callosum in keeping with a mass in the velum interpositum. Tumors of the third ventricle displace the internal cerebral veins dorsally. A transcallosal approach was used in both patients to effectively excise the tumors.

Preferential synthesis of prostaglandin D2 by neurons and prostaglandin E2 by fibroblasts and nonneuronal cells in chick dorsal root ganglia.

To determine the type and the relative amount of prostaglandins (PGs) synthesized by various neural tissues, homogenates of meninges, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) capsules, decapsulated DRG, and unsheathed sciatic nerves were incubated with [1-14C]arachidonic acid. Homogenates of cultured cells (meningeal cells, fibroblasts, and nonneuronal or neuronal DRG cells) were used to specify the cells producing particular PGs. The highest synthetic capacity was found in fibroblast-rich tissues (meninges and DRG capsules) and in cultures of meningeal cells or fibroblasts. Two major cyclooxygenase products were formed: [14C]PGE2 and an unusual 14C-labeled compound, Y. The accumulation of compound Y, corresponding probably to 15-hydroperoxy PGE2, was completely impaired by addition of exogenous GSH, which conversely enhanced the synthesis of [14C]PGE2 and promoted the formation of [14C]PGD2. In contrast, decapsulated DRG or unsheathed sciatic nerves displayed a 10-20 times lower capacity to synthesize PGs than fibroblast-rich tissues and produced mainly [14C]PGE2 and [14C]PGD2. In this case, [14C]PGE2 or [14C]PGD2 synthesis was neither enhanced nor promoted by addition of exogenous GSH. Neuron-enriched DRG cell cultures allowed us to specify that [14C]PGD2 is the major prostanoid produced by primary sensory neurons as compared with nonneuronal DRG cells. Because PGD2 synthesis in DRG and more specifically in DRG neurons does not depend on exogenous GSH and differs from PGD2 synthesis in fibroblast-rich tissues, it is concluded that at least two distinct enzymatic processes contribute to PGD2 formation in the nervous system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Uma nova espécie de Orthoderella Giglio-Tos (Mantodea, Mantidae, Photinainae) do Brasil

A new species of Orthoderella Giglio-Tos (Mantodea, Mantidae, Photinainae) from Brazil. The Neotropical genus Orthoderella Giglio-Tos includes four species recorded in Argentina, Bolivia, Uruguay, and from central western, southern, and southeastern Brazil. Orthoderella caatingaensis sp. nov., from the Caatinga biome in northeastern Brazil, is described here. This new species can be recognized by having a black spot on the inner face of the fore coxae, which extends to its posterior external face; phalloid apophysis of the left dorsal phallomere trapezoidal in shape with the right margin sinuous and a laminate anterior process; and a ventral phallomere with a sclerotized and rugous distal process. An identification key, in both Portuguese and English, to the five species of Orthoderella is presented.

Substance P-like-immunoreactive sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia of the chick embryo: ontogenesis and influence of peripheral targets.

The expression of substance P (SP) was studied in sensory neurons of developing chick lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) by using a mixture of periodic acid, lysine and paraformaldehyde as fixative and a monoclonal antibody for SP-like immunostaining. The first SP-like-immunoreactive DRG cells appeared first at E5, then rapidly increased in number to reach a peak (88% of ganglion cells) at E8, and finally declined (59% at E12, 51% after hatching). The fall of the SP-like-positive DRG cells resulted from two concomitant events affecting a subset of small B-neurons: a loss of neuronal SP-like immunoreactivity and cell death. After one hindlimb resection at an early (E6) or late (E12) stage of development (that is before or after establishment of peripheral connections), the DRG were examined 6 days later. In both cases, a drastic neuronal death occurred in the ispilateral DRG. However, the resection at E6 did not change the percentage of SP-like-positive neurons, while the resection at E12 severely reduced the proportion of SP-like-immunoreactive DRG cells (25%). In conclusion, connections established between DRG and peripheral target tissues not only promote the survival of sensory neurons, but also control the maintenance of SP-like-expression. Factors issued from innervated targets such as NGF would support the survival of SP-expressing DRG cells and enhance their SP content while other factors present in skeletal muscle or skin would hinder SP expression and therefore lower SP levels in a subset of primary sensory neurons.

Analyse des besoins du système de prise en charge des addictions en Suisse: Module 1 : revue de littérature

Le but de cette étude est d'explorer et de définir, par une analyse des besoins, si l'offre actuelle en services dans le domaine des addictions est encore adaptée à la situation épidémiologique actuelle des addictions, à l'évolution des types de comportements liés à la dépendance et aux besoins des clients. Il s'agit en particulier de répondre aux questions suivantes: Existe-t-il actuellement des besoins en traitement pour lesquels il n'existe aucune offre appropriée ? Quels groupes ne sont pas ou sont insuffisamment atteints par l'offre existante? A quels genres de problèmes liés à la dépendance et à quels nouveaux besoins des clients les structures oeuvrant dans le domaine de la dépendance sont-elles confrontées? Quels sont les besoins d'adaptation du système de prise en charge nécessaires concernant soit les groupes-cibles de services, soit les types d'offres - en particulier le besoin en nouveaux concepts/modèles de prise en charge pour répondre à l'évolution des besoins? Comment ces structures font-elles face à l'accroissement de l'usage de multiples substances (multi-consommation)?

Décubitus ventral et syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë de l'adulte: de la théorie à la pratique [Prone position mechanical ventilation in the Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome: theoretical and practical considerations].

Mortality of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains extremely high and only few evidence-based specific treatments are currently available. Protective mechanical ventilation has emerged as the comer stone of the management of ARDS to avoid the occurrence of ventilation-induced lung injuries (VILI). Mechanical ventilation in the prone position has often been considered as a rescue therapy reserved to refractory hypoxemia. Since the publication of the PROSEVA study in 2013, early prone positioning for mechanical ventilation should be recommended to improve survival of patients with severe ARDS. In this article, both the theoretical and practical aspects of mechanical ventilation in prone position are reviewed.