742 resultados para raccomandazione e-learning privacy tecnica rule-based recommender suggerimento
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This paper presents the automatic extension to other languages of TERSEO, a knowledge-based system for the recognition and normalization of temporal expressions originally developed for Spanish. TERSEO was first extended to English through the automatic translation of the temporal expressions. Then, an improved porting process was applied to Italian, where the automatic translation of the temporal expressions from English and from Spanish was combined with the extraction of new expressions from an Italian annotated corpus. Experimental results demonstrate how, while still adhering to the rule-based paradigm, the development of automatic rule translation procedures allowed us to minimize the effort required for porting to new languages. Relying on such procedures, and without any manual effort or previous knowledge of the target language, TERSEO recognizes and normalizes temporal expressions in Italian with good results (72% precision and 83% recall for recognition).
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The aim of this work is to improve students learning by designing a teaching model that seeks to increase student motivation to acquire new knowledge. To design the model, the methodology is based on the study of the students opinion on several aspects we think importantly affect the quality of teaching (such as the overcrowded classrooms, time intended for the subject or type of classroom where classes are taught), and on our experience when performing several experimental activities in the classroom (for instance, peer reviews and oral presentations). Besides the feedback from the students, it is essential to rely on the experience and reflections of lecturers who have been teaching the subject several years. This way we could detect several key aspects that, in our opinion, must be considered when designing a teaching proposal: motivation, assessment, progressiveness and autonomy. As a result we have obtained a teaching model based on instructional design as well as on the principles of fractal geometry, in the sense that different levels of abstraction for the various training activities are presented and the activities are self-similar, that is, they are decomposed again and again. At each level, an activity decomposes into a lower level tasks and their corresponding evaluation. With this model the immediate feedback and the student motivation are encouraged. We are convinced that a greater motivation will suppose an increase in the students working time and in their performance. Although the study has been done on a subject, the results are fully generalizable to other subjects.
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Lvolution continue des besoins dapprentissage vers plus defficacit et plus de personnalisation a favoris lmergence de nouveaux outils et dimensions dont lobjectif est de rendre lapprentissage accessible tout le monde et adapt aux contextes technologiques et sociaux. Cette volution a donn naissance ce que lon appelle l'apprentissage social en ligne mettant l'accent sur linteraction entre les apprenants. La considration de linteraction a apport de nombreux avantages pour lapprenant, savoir tablir des connexions, changer des expriences personnelles et bnficier dune assistance lui permettant damliorer son apprentissage. Cependant, la quantit d'informations personnelles que les apprenants divulguent parfois lors de ces interactions, mne, des consquences souvent dsastreuses en matire de vie prive comme la cyberintimidation, le vol didentit, etc. Malgr les proccupations souleves, la vie prive en tant que droit individuel reprsente une situation idale, difficilement reconnaissable dans le contexte social daujourdhui. En effet, on est pass d'une conceptualisation de la vie prive comme tant un noyau des donnes sensibles protger des pntrations extrieures une nouvelle vision centre sur la ngociation de la divulgation de ces donnes. Lenjeu pour les environnements sociaux dapprentissage consiste donc garantir un niveau maximal dinteraction pour les apprenants tout en prservant leurs vies prives. Au meilleur de nos connaissances, la plupart des innovations dans ces environnements ont port sur l'laboration des techniques dinteraction, sans aucune considration pour la vie prive, un lment portant ncessaire afin de crer un environnement favorable lapprentissage. Dans ce travail, nous proposons un cadre de vie prive que nous avons appel gestionnaire de vie prive. Plus prcisment, ce gestionnaire se charge de grer la protection des donnes personnelles et de la vie prive de lapprenant durant ses interactions avec ses co-apprenants. En sappuyant sur lide que linteraction permet daccder laide en ligne, nous analysons linteraction comme une activit cognitive impliquant des facteurs contextuels, dautres apprenants, et des aspects socio-motionnels. L'objectif principal de cette thse est donc de revoir les processus dentraide entre les apprenants en mettant en oeuvre des outils ncessaires pour trouver un compromis entre linteraction et la protection de la vie prive. ii Ceci a t effectu selon trois niveaux : le premier tant de considrer des aspects contextuels et sociaux de linteraction telle que la confiance entre les apprenants et les motions qui ont initi le besoin dinteragir. Le deuxime niveau de protection consiste estimer les risques de cette divulgation et faciliter la dcision de protection de la vie prive. Le troisime niveau de protection consiste dtecter toute divulgation de donnes personnelles en utilisant des techniques dapprentissage machine et danalyse smantique.
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Article
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The ongoing consultation process on the European Union Global Strategy (EUGS) presents an occasion for the European Union (EU) to redress the European Security Strategys (ESS) shortcomings and update its stance on multilateralism. As rule-based multilateralism remains deeply entrenched in the Unions DNA, the EUGS is unlikely to represent ground-breaking innovations as to how the EU should act in international affairs. The key challenge in respect of the EUs multilateralism is twofold. The first challenge lies in setting out clear priorities for the EUs multilateral action to be pursued collectively by the member states; and the second in determining the form of multilateralism that would best suit the promotion of the priorities concerned. In this collection of six essays, policy analysts and academics are presented with the question: Over a five year horizon, what do you think should be the focus of the EUs multilateral agenda? The answers dwell on the EU playing a proactive role in relation to emerging powers especially China, and Latin America as a whole; furthering the EUs soft power through science diplomacy; and EU leadership in building a global energy and climate community, and counter terrorism measures.
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The research work presented in the thesis describes a new methodology for the automated near real-time detection of pipe bursts in Water Distribution Systems (WDSs). The methodology analyses the pressure/flow data gathered by means of SCADA systems in order to extract useful informations that go beyond the simple and usual monitoring type activities and/or regulatory reporting , enabling the water company to proactively manage the WDSs sections. The work has an interdisciplinary nature covering AI techniques and WDSs management processes such as data collection, manipulation and analysis for event detection. Indeed, the methodology makes use of (i) Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for the short-term forecasting of future pressure/flow signal values and (ii) Rule-based Model for bursts detection at sensor and district level. The results of applying the new methodology to a District Metered Area in Emilia- Romagnas region, Italy have also been reported in the thesis. The results gathered illustrate how the methodology is capable to detect the aforementioned failure events in fast and reliable manner. The methodology guarantees the water companies to save water, energy, money and therefore enhance them to achieve higher levels of operational efficiency, a compliance with the current regulations and, last but not least, an improvement of customer service.
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Lvolution continue des besoins dapprentissage vers plus defficacit et plus de personnalisation a favoris lmergence de nouveaux outils et dimensions dont lobjectif est de rendre lapprentissage accessible tout le monde et adapt aux contextes technologiques et sociaux. Cette volution a donn naissance ce que lon appelle l'apprentissage social en ligne mettant l'accent sur linteraction entre les apprenants. La considration de linteraction a apport de nombreux avantages pour lapprenant, savoir tablir des connexions, changer des expriences personnelles et bnficier dune assistance lui permettant damliorer son apprentissage. Cependant, la quantit d'informations personnelles que les apprenants divulguent parfois lors de ces interactions, mne, des consquences souvent dsastreuses en matire de vie prive comme la cyberintimidation, le vol didentit, etc. Malgr les proccupations souleves, la vie prive en tant que droit individuel reprsente une situation idale, difficilement reconnaissable dans le contexte social daujourdhui. En effet, on est pass d'une conceptualisation de la vie prive comme tant un noyau des donnes sensibles protger des pntrations extrieures une nouvelle vision centre sur la ngociation de la divulgation de ces donnes. Lenjeu pour les environnements sociaux dapprentissage consiste donc garantir un niveau maximal dinteraction pour les apprenants tout en prservant leurs vies prives. Au meilleur de nos connaissances, la plupart des innovations dans ces environnements ont port sur l'laboration des techniques dinteraction, sans aucune considration pour la vie prive, un lment portant ncessaire afin de crer un environnement favorable lapprentissage. Dans ce travail, nous proposons un cadre de vie prive que nous avons appel gestionnaire de vie prive. Plus prcisment, ce gestionnaire se charge de grer la protection des donnes personnelles et de la vie prive de lapprenant durant ses interactions avec ses co-apprenants. En sappuyant sur lide que linteraction permet daccder laide en ligne, nous analysons linteraction comme une activit cognitive impliquant des facteurs contextuels, dautres apprenants, et des aspects socio-motionnels. L'objectif principal de cette thse est donc de revoir les processus dentraide entre les apprenants en mettant en oeuvre des outils ncessaires pour trouver un compromis entre linteraction et la protection de la vie prive. ii Ceci a t effectu selon trois niveaux : le premier tant de considrer des aspects contextuels et sociaux de linteraction telle que la confiance entre les apprenants et les motions qui ont initi le besoin dinteragir. Le deuxime niveau de protection consiste estimer les risques de cette divulgation et faciliter la dcision de protection de la vie prive. Le troisime niveau de protection consiste dtecter toute divulgation de donnes personnelles en utilisant des techniques dapprentissage machine et danalyse smantique.
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Traditional vegetation mapping methods use high cost, labour-intensive aerial photography interpretation. This approach can be subjective and is limited by factors such as the extent of remnant vegetation, and the differing scale and quality of aerial photography over time. An alternative approach is proposed which integrates a data model, a statistical model and an ecological model using sophisticated Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques and rule-based systems to support fine-scale vegetation community modelling. This approach is based on a more realistic representation of vegetation patterns with transitional gradients from one vegetation community to another. Arbitrary, though often unrealistic, sharp boundaries can be imposed on the model by the application of statistical methods. This GIS-integrated multivariate approach is applied to the problem of vegetation mapping in the complex vegetation communities of the Innisfail Lowlands in the Wet Tropics bioregion of Northeastern Australia. The paper presents the full cycle of this vegetation modelling approach including sampling sites, variable selection, model selection, model implementation, internal model assessment, model prediction assessments, models integration of discrete vegetation community models to generate a composite pre-clearing vegetation map, independent data set model validation and model prediction's scale assessments. An accurate pre-clearing vegetation map of the Innisfail Lowlands was generated (0.83r(2)) through GIS integration of 28 separate statistical models. This modelling approach has good potential for wider application, including provision of. vital information for conservation planning and management; a scientific basis for rehabilitation of disturbed and cleared areas; a viable method for the production of adequate vegetation maps for conservation and forestry planning of poorly-studied areas. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Music plays an enormous role in today's computer games; it serves to elicit emotion, generate interest and convey important information. Traditional gaming music is fixed at the event level, where tracks loop until a state change is triggered. This behaviour however does not reflect musically the in-game state between these events. We propose a dynamic music environment, where music tracks adjust in real-time to the emotion of the in-game state. We are looking to improve the affective response to symbolic music through the modification of structural and performative characteristics through the application of rule-based techniques. In this paper we undertake a multidiscipline approach, and present a series of primary music-emotion structural rules for implementation. The validity of these rules was tested in small study involving eleven participants, each listening to six permutations from two musical works. Preliminary results indicate that the environment was generally successful in influencing the emotion of the musical works for three of the intended four directions (happier, sadder & content/dreamier). Our secondary aim of establishing that the use of music-emotion rules, sourced predominantly from Western classical music, could be applied with comparable results to modern computer gaming music was also largely successfully.
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Music is an immensely powerful affective medium that pervades our everyday life. With ever advancing technology, the reproduction and application of music for emotive and information transfer purposes has never been more prevalent. In this paper we introduce a rule-based engine for influencing the perceived emotions of music. Based on empirical music psychology, we attempt to formalise the relationship between musical elements and their perceived emotion. We examine the modification to structural aspects of music to allow for a graduated transition between perceived emotive states. This engine is intended to provide music reproduction systems with a finer grained control over this affective medium; where perceived musical emotion can be influenced with intent. This intent comes from both an external application and the audience. Using a series of affective computing technologies, an audiences response metrics and attitudes can be incorporated to model this intent. A generative feedback loop is set up between the external application, the influencing process and the audiences response to this, which together shape the modification of musical structure. The effectiveness of our rule system for influencing perceived musical emotion was examined in earlier work, with a small test study providing generally encouraging results.
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Model transformations are an integral part of model-driven development. Incremental updates are a key execution scenario for transformations in model-based systems, and are especially important for the evolution of such systems. This paper presents a strategy for the incremental maintenance of declarative, rule-based transformation executions. The strategy involves recording dependencies of the transformation execution on information from source models and from the transformation definition. Changes to the source models or the transformation itself can then be directly mapped to their effects on transformation execution, allowing changes to target models to be computed efficiently. This particular approach has many benefits. It supports changes to both source models and transformation definitions, it can be applied to incomplete transformation executions, and a priori knowledge of volatility can be used to further increase the efficiency of change propagation.
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This paper presents a framework for compositional verification of Object-Z specifications. Its key feature is a proof rule based on decomposition of hierarchical Object-Z models. For each component in the hierarchy local properties are proven in a single proof step. However, we do not consider components in isolation. Instead, components are envisaged in the context of the referencing super-component and proof steps involve assumptions on properties of the sub-components. The framework is defined for Linear Temporal Logic (LTL)
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La riduzione dei consumi di combustibili fossili e lo sviluppo di tecnologie per il risparmio energetico sono una questione di centrale importanza sia per lindustria che per la ricerca, a causa dei drastici effetti che le emissioni di inquinanti antropogenici stanno avendo sullambiente. Mentre un crescente numero di normative e regolamenti vengono emessi per far fronte a questi problemi, la necessit di sviluppare tecnologie a basse emissioni sta guidando la ricerca in numerosi settori industriali. Nonostante la realizzazione di fonti energetiche rinnovabili sia vista come la soluzione pi promettente nel lungo periodo, unefficace e completa integrazione di tali tecnologie risulta ad oggi impraticabile, a causa sia di vincoli tecnici che della vastit della quota di energia prodotta, attualmente soddisfatta da fonti fossili, che le tecnologie alternative dovrebbero andare a coprire. Lottimizzazione della produzione e della gestione energetica daltra parte, associata allo sviluppo di tecnologie per la riduzione dei consumi energetici, rappresenta una soluzione adeguata al problema, che pu al contempo essere integrata allinterno di orizzonti temporali pi brevi. Lobiettivo della presente tesi quello di investigare, sviluppare ed applicare un insieme di strumenti numerici per ottimizzare la progettazione e la gestione di processi energetici che possa essere usato per ottenere una riduzione dei consumi di combustibile ed unottimizzazione dellefficienza energetica. La metodologia sviluppata si appoggia su un approccio basato sulla modellazione numerica dei sistemi, che sfrutta le capacit predittive, derivanti da una rappresentazione matematica dei processi, per sviluppare delle strategie di ottimizzazione degli stessi, a fronte di condizioni di impiego realistiche. Nello sviluppo di queste procedure, particolare enfasi viene data alla necessit di derivare delle corrette strategie di gestione, che tengano conto delle dinamiche degli impianti analizzati, per poter ottenere le migliori prestazioni durante leffettiva fase operativa. Durante lo sviluppo della tesi il problema dellottimizzazione energetica stato affrontato in riferimento a tre diverse applicazioni tecnologiche. Nella prima di queste stato considerato un impianto multi-fonte per la soddisfazione della domanda energetica di un edificio ad uso commerciale. Poich tale sistema utilizza una serie di molteplici tecnologie per la produzione dellenergia termica ed elettrica richiesta dalle utenze, necessario identificare la corretta strategia di ripartizione dei carichi, in grado di garantire la massima efficienza energetica dellimpianto. Basandosi su un modello semplificato dellimpianto, il problema stato risolto applicando un algoritmo di Programmazione Dinamica deterministico, e i risultati ottenuti sono stati comparati con quelli derivanti dalladozione di una pi semplice strategia a regole, provando in tal modo i vantaggi connessi alladozione di una strategia di controllo ottimale. Nella seconda applicazione stata investigata la progettazione di una soluzione ibrida per il recupero energetico da uno scavatore idraulico. Poich diversi layout tecnologici per implementare questa soluzione possono essere concepiti e lintroduzione di componenti aggiuntivi necessita di un corretto dimensionamento, necessario lo sviluppo di una metodologia che permetta di valutare le massime prestazioni ottenibili da ognuna di tali soluzioni alternative. Il confronto fra i diversi layout stato perci condotto sulla base delle prestazioni energetiche del macchinario durante un ciclo di scavo standardizzato, stimate grazie allausilio di un dettagliato modello dellimpianto. Poich laggiunta di dispositivi per il recupero energetico introduce gradi di libert addizionali nel sistema, stato inoltre necessario determinare la strategia di controllo ottimale dei medesimi, al fine di poter valutare le massime prestazioni ottenibili da ciascun layout. Tale problema stato di nuovo risolto grazie allausilio di un algoritmo di Programmazione Dinamica, che sfrutta un modello semplificato del sistema, ideato per lo scopo. Una volta che le prestazioni ottimali per ogni soluzione progettuale sono state determinate, stato possibile effettuare un equo confronto fra le diverse alternative. Nella terza ed ultima applicazione stato analizzato un impianto a ciclo Rankine organico (ORC) per il recupero di cascami termici dai gas di scarico di autovetture. Nonostante gli impianti ORC siano potenzialmente in grado di produrre rilevanti incrementi nel risparmio di combustibile di un veicolo, necessario per il loro corretto funzionamento lo sviluppo di complesse strategie di controllo, che siano in grado di far fronte alla variabilit della fonte di calore per il processo; inoltre, contemporaneamente alla massimizzazione dei risparmi di combustibile, il sistema deve essere mantenuto in condizioni di funzionamento sicure. Per far fronte al problema, un robusto ed efficace modello dellimpianto stato realizzato, basandosi sulla Moving Boundary Methodology, per la simulazione delle dinamiche di cambio di fase del fluido organico e la stima delle prestazioni dellimpianto. Tale modello stato in seguito utilizzato per progettare un controllore predittivo (MPC) in grado di stimare i parametri di controllo ottimali per la gestione del sistema durante il funzionamento transitorio. Per la soluzione del corrispondente problema di ottimizzazione dinamica non lineare, un algoritmo basato sulla Particle Swarm Optimization stato sviluppato. I risultati ottenuti con ladozione di tale controllore sono stati confrontati con quelli ottenibili da un classico controllore proporzionale integrale (PI), mostrando nuovamente i vantaggi, da un punto di vista energetico, derivanti dalladozione di una strategia di controllo ottima.
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Substantial behavioural and neuropsychological evidence has been amassed to support the dual-route model of morphological processing, which distinguishes between a rule-based system for regular items (walkwalked, callcalled) and an associative system for the irregular items (gowent). Some neural-network models attempt to explain the neuropsychological and brain-mapping dissociations in terms of single-system associative processing. We show that there are problems in the accounts of homogeneous networks in the light of recent brain-mapping evidence of systematic double-dissociation. We also examine the superior capabilities of more internally differentiated connectionist models, which, under certain conditions, display systematic double-dissociations. It appears that the more differentiation models show, the more easily they account for dissociation patterns, yet without implementing symbolic computations.
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This paper begins with the argument that within modern-day society, engineering has shifted from being the scientific and technical mainstay of industrial, and more recently digital change to become the most vital driver of future advancement. In order to meet the inevitable challenges resulting from this role, the nature of engineering education is constantly evolving and as such engineering education has to change. The paper argues that what is needed is a fresh approach to engineering education one that is sufficiently flexible so as to capture the fast-changing needs of engineering education as a discipline, whilst being pedagogically suitable for use with a range of engineering epistemologies. It provides an overview of a case study in which a new approach to engineering education has been developed and evaluated. The approach, which is based on the concept of scholarship, is described in detail. This is followed by a discussion of how the approach has been put into practice and evaluated. The paper concludes by arguing that within today's market-driven university world, the need for effective learning and teaching practice, based in good scholarship, is fundamental to student success.
