Model for electrodes' filaments of hot cathode fluorescent lamps, during preheating with constant rms current

This paper presents a new model for the representation of electrodes' filaments of hot-cathode fluorescent lamps, during preheating processes based on the injection of currents with constant root mean square (rms) values. The main improvement obtained with this model is the prediction of the R-h/R-c ratio during the preheating process, as a function of the preheating time and of the rms current injected in the electrodes. Using the proposed model, it is possible to obtain an estimate of the time interval and the current that should be provided by the electronic ballast, in order to ensure a suitable preheating process. is estimate of time and current can be used as input data in the design of electronic ballasts with programmed lamp start, permitting the prediction of the R-h/R-c ratio during the initial steps of the design (theoretical analysis and digital simulation). Therefore, the use of the proposed model permits to reduce the necessity of several empirical adjustments in the prototype, in order to set the operation of electronic ballasts during the preheating process. This fact reduces time and costs associated to the global design procedure of electronic ballasts.

Estratégias de enfrentamento (coping) de pessooas ostomizadas

Este trabalho objetivou compreender a experiência de pessoas com derivações intestinais, quanto ao enfrentamento à nova condição de vida. Realizou-se estudo qualitativo, sendo entrevistados 11 sujeitos ostomizados. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, gravadas e posteriormente transcritas na íntegra e foram analisadas segundo a proposta de análise de conteúdo de Bardin e do referencial teórico de Coping . Os achados do estudo evidenciaram-se por três categorias centrais: eu não escolhi; tive que aceitar e con(vivo) com a ostomia. A forma para manejar a condição de estar ostomizado revelou-se por estratégias de enfrentamento tanto baseadas na emoção, como no problema. O estudo contribuiu para a reflexão e a utilização do conhecimento na prática assistencial e de ensino para cuidar do ostomizado.

In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of a castor oil-based irrigant

The antimicrobial activity of irrigating solutions - Endoquil (castor oil detergent), 2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution, and 0.5% NaOCI solution - was evaluated against Gram-positive cocci (Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sobrinus), Gramnegative rods (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and the yeast Candida albicans. Activity was evaluated using the two-layer agar diffusion technique. The base layer was obtained by pouring 10.0 ml of Muller Hinton Medium or 10.0 ml of Brain Heart Infusion agar in a Petri dish. After solidification a 5.0 ml seed layer of Muller Hinton Medium or Brain Heart Infusion agar with inoculum (106/ml) was added. Absorbent paper disks (6.0 mm in diameter) immersed in the solutions were placed at equidistant points. Plates were maintained at room temperature for 2 h for prediffusion of the solutions and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The candle jar system was used for the Brain Heart Infusion agar plates. All tests were performed in duplicate. After incubation the medium was optimized with 0.05 g% triphenyltetrazolium chlorate gel and inhibition halos were measured. All bacterial strains were inhibited by 2.0% chlorhexidine gluconate. Endoquil was effective against Grampositive microorganisms, and 0.5% NaOCI was effective only against S. aureus. Copyright © 2001 by The American Association of Endodontists.

Retos de la política fiscal en Centroamérica

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Associação do padrão de ingestão lípidica com a qualidade da dieta, resistência insulínica e homocisteinemia em adultos

Objectives: To evaluate the association between the consumption of different dietary fats with the quality of the diet, insulin resistance, and hyperhomocysteinemia in adults. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with 624 overweight subjects (73.7% females). Assessments of food intake (24h food recall and health eating index-HEI), anthropometry, and biochemical assays of fasting glucose, insulin (HOMA-IR and β calculus) and homocysteinemia were performed. Results: The low quality of diet was associated with the vegetable oil at 3rd quintile (≥1.5-2.0 servings) showed risk 2.9 times and cholesterol at quintiles 2nd, 3rd, and 4th was 2.0 times. HOMA-IR was higher at 5th quintile of saturated fat (≥10,7% - total caloric value) with risk of 60% and hyperhomocysteinemia the vegetable oil at 3rd quintile (>1.5-2.0 servings) with risk of 12.0 times and 5th (≥3.5 servings) 7.1 times. However, significance disappeared when adjusted for anthropometric variables. Conclusion: Dietary fats were associated with the harm diet quality, insulin resistance, and hyperhomocysteinemia. However, associations are dependant of demographic variables, dietetic, and nutritional state. © 2011 CELOM.

Retention and processing methods of nasal prosthesis

Patients with congenital malformations, traumatic or pathological mutilation and maxillofacial developmental disorders can be restored aesthetically and emotionally by the production and use of facial prostheses. The aim of this study was to review the literature about the retention and processing methods of facial prostheses, and discuss their characteristics. A literature review on Medline (PubMed) database was performed by using the keywords maxillofacial prosthesis, silicone, resin, pigment, cosmetic, prosthetic nose, based on articles published from 1956 to 2010. Several methods of retention, from adhesives to the placement of implants, and different processing methods such as laser, CAD/CAM and rapid prototyping technologies have been reported. There are advantages and disadvantages of each procedure, and none can be classified as better compared to others.

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Aerobic and anaerobic performances in tethered swimming

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the critical force (CritF) and anaerobic impulse capacity (AIC) - estimated by tethered swimming - reflect the aerobic and anaerobic performance of swimmers. 12 swimmers performed incremental test in tethered swimming to determine lactate anaerobic threshold (AnTLAC), maximal oxygen uptake (̇VO2MAX) and force associated with the ̇VO2MAX (i ̇VO2MAX). The swimmers performed 4 exhaustive (tlim) exercise bouts (100, 110, 120 and 130% i ̇VO2MAX) to compute the CritF and AIC (F vs. 1/tlim model); a 30-s all-out tethered swimming bout to determine their anaerobic fitness (ANF); 100, 200, and 400-m time-trials to determine the swimming performance. CritF (57.09±11.77 N) did not differ from AnTLAC (53.96±11.52 N, (P>0.05) but was significantly lower than i ̇VO2MAX (71.02±8.36 N). In addition, CritF presented significant correlation with AnTLAC (r=0.76; P<0.05) and i ̇VO2MAX (r=0.74; P<0.05). On the other hand, AIC (286.19±54.91 N.s) and ANF (116.10±13.66 N) were significantly correlated (r=0.81, p<0.05). In addition, CritF and AIC presented significant correlations with all time-trials. In summary, this study demonstrates that CritF and AIC can be used to evaluate AnTLAC and ANF and to predict 100, 200, and 400-m free swimming. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart . New York.

Search for supersymmetry in events with photons and low missing transverse energy in pp collisions at √s=7TeV

Many models of new physics, including versions of supersymmetry (SUSY), predict production of events with low missing transverse energy, electroweak gauge bosons, and many energetic final-state particles. The stealth SUSY model yields this signature while conserving R-parity by means of a new hidden sector in which SUSY is approximately conserved. The results of a general search for new physics, with no requirement on missing transverse energy, in events with two photons and four or more hadronic jets are reported. The study is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions at s=7TeV corresponding to 4.96fb-1 of integrated luminosity collected with the CMS detector in 2011. Based on good agreement between the data and the standard model expectation, the data are used to determine model-independent cross-section limits and a limit on the squark mass in the framework of stealth SUSY. With this first study of its kind, squark masses less than 1430 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level. © 2012 CERN.

Recovery of pulmonary structure and exercise capacity by treatment with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in a mouse model of emphysema

Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized abnormal dilatation of alveolar spaces, which impairs alveolar gas exchange, compromising the physical capacity of a patient due to airflow limitations. Here we tested the effects of G-CSF administration in pulmonary tissue and exercise capacity in emphysematous mice. C57Bl/6 female mice were treated with elastase intratracheally to induce emphysema. Their exercise capacities were evaluated in a treadmill. Lung histological sections were prepared to evaluate mean linear intercept measurement. Emphysematous mice were treated with G-CSF (3 cycles of 200 μg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days, with 7-day intervals) or saline and submitted to a third evaluation 8 weeks after treatment. Values of run distance and linear intercept measurement were expressed as mean ± SD and compared applying a paired t-test. Effects of treatment on these parameters were analyzed applying a Repeated Measures ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc analysis. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Twenty eight days later, animals ran significantly less in a treadmill compared to normal mice (549.7 ± 181.2 m and 821.7 ± 131.3 m, respectively; p < 0.01). Treatment with G-CSF significantly increased the exercise capacity of emphysematous mice (719.6 ± 200.5 m), whereas saline treatment had no effect on distance run (595.8 ± 178.5 m). The PCR cytokines genes analysis did not detect difference between experimental groups. Morphometric analyses in the lung showed that saline-treated mice had a mean linear intercept significantly higher (p < 0.01) when compared to mice treated with G-CSF, which did not significantly differ from that of normal mice. Treatment with G-CSF promoted the recovery of exercise capacity and regeneration of alveolar structural alterations in emphysematous mice. © 2013.

Evaluation of lines of boron, phosphorus and sulfur by high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry for plant analysis

The wavelength-integrated absorbance (WIA) and summation of absorbance (∑ lines) of different lines were evaluated to enhance sensitivity and determine B, P and S in medicinal plants by HR-CS FAAS. The lowest LOD for B (0.5mgL-1) and P (13.7mgL-1) was obtained by integration of lines 249.773nm (3pixels) and 247.620nm (5pixels), respectively. The ∑ lines for CS at 257.595nm and 257.958nm furnished LOD=30.5mgL-1, ca. 10% lower than the LOD obtained for the WIA using 257.595nm and 5pixels. Data showed the advantage of WIA over ∑ lines to improve sensitivity for all analytes. Under optimized conditions, calibration curves in the 1.0-100mgL-1 B and 50.0-2000mgL-1 P, S ranges were consistently obtained. Results obtained with the HR-CS FAAS method were in agreement at 98% and 95% confidence level with certified values for B and P, respectively. And results for S were in accordance to non-certified values. Concentrations of B, P, and S in 12 medicinal plants analyzed by the proposed method varied within the 19.4-34.5mgkg-1 B, 719-3910mgkg-1 P and 1469-7653mgkg-1 S ranges. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.