Grafting of adipic anhydride to carbon nanotubes through a Diels-Alder cycloaddition/oxidation cascade reaction

Accepted Manuscript

Analytical and numerical study of the electro-osmotic annular flow of viscoelastic fluids

In this work we present semi-analytical solutions for the electro-osmotic annular flow of viscoelastic fluids modeled by the Linear and Exponential PTT models. The viscoelastic fluid flows in the axial direction between two concentric cylinders under the combined influences of electrokinetic and pressure forcings. The analysis invokes the Debye-Hückel approximation and includes the limit case of pure electro-osmotic flow. The solution is valid for both no slip and slip velocity at the walls and the chosen slip boundary condition is the linear Navier slip velocity model. The combined effects of fluid rheology, electro-osmotic and pressure gradient forcings on the fluid velocity distribution are also discussed.

Engineering of fatty acid production and secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências - Especialidade em Biologia

Simultaneous detection of cyclopiazonic acid and aflatoxin B1 by HPLC in methanol/water mobile phase

A simple procedure for the simultaneous detection of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and aflatoxin B1 from fungal extracts is presented, using a methanol and water mobile phase and fluorescence detection. This methodology has been tested with standard solutions of both mycotoxins CPA and Aflatoxin B1 and with methanolic extracts of Aspergillus section Flavi strains, previously characterized for their mycotoxin production profile. Previously available methodology required the use of two different chromatographic runs for these mycotoxins, with distinct columns and detectors (fluorescence detection with a post-column photochemical derivatization (PHRED) for aflatoxin B1 and UV detection for CPA). The proposed method detects both mycotoxins in a single run. Data from these assays will be presented and discussed.

Anaerobic oxidation of methane associated with sulfate reduction in a natural freshwater gas source

The occurrence of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and trace methane oxidation (TMO) was investigated in a freshwater natural gas source. Sediment samples were taken and analyzed for potential electron acceptors coupled to AOM. Long-term incubations with 13C-labeled CH4 (13CH4) and different electron acceptors showed that both AOM and TMO occurred. In most conditions, 13C-labeled CO2 (13CO2) simultaneously increased with methane formation, which is typical for TMO. In the presence of nitrate, neither methane formation nor methane oxidation occurred. Net AOM was measured only with sulfate as electron acceptor. Here, sulfide production occurred simultaneously with 13CO2 production and no methanogenesis occurred, excluding TMO as a possible source for 13CO2 production from 13CH4. Archaeal 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the highest presence of ANME-2a/b (ANaerobic MEthane oxidizing archaea) and AAA (AOM Associated Archaea) sequences in the incubations with methane and sulfate as compared with only methane addition. Higher abundance of ANME-2a/b in incubations with methane and sulfate as compared with only sulfate addition was shown by qPCR analysis. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria belonging to SEEP-SRB1. This is the first report that explicitly shows that AOM is associated with sulfate reduction in an enrichment culture of ANME-2a/b and AAA methanotrophs and SEEP-SRB1 sulfate reducers from a low-saline environment.

Comparison of the effect of two HMG CoA reductase inhibitors on LDL susceptibility to oxidation

OBJECTIVE: To study the differences between fluvastatin and pravastatin regarding LDL susceptibility to oxidation, plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C and triglycerides (TG) in hypercholesterolemic patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: A double-blind randomized parallel study was conducted that included 41 hypercholesterolemic outpatients with CHD treated at the Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul. The inclusion criteria were LDL-C above 100 mg/dL and triglycerides below 400 mg/dL based on 2 measures. After 4 weeks on a low cholesterol diet, those patients that fullfilled the inclusion criteria were randomized into 2 groups: the fluvastatin group (fluvastatin 40 mg/day) and the pravastatin group (pravastatin 20 mg/day), for 24 weeks of treatment. LDL susceptibility to oxidation was analyzed with copper-induced production of conjugated dienes (Cu2+) and water-soluble free radical initiator azo-bis (2'-2'amidinopropanil) HCl (AAPH). Spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance was used for determination of lipids. RESULTS: After 24 weeks of drug therapy, fluvastatin and pravastatin significantly reduced LDL susceptibility to oxidation as demonstrated by the reduced rate of oxidation (azo and Cu) and by prolonged azo-induced lag time (azo lag). The TC, LDL-C, and TG reduced significantly and HDL-C increased significantly. No differences between the drugs were observed. CONCLUSION: In hypercholesterolemic patients with CHD, both fluvastatin and pravastatin reduced LDL susceptibility to oxidation.

Determinación de isómeros ópticos de moléculas de interés farmacéutico mediante técnicas electro-químicas aplicadas a una interfase entre dos electrolitos no miscibles

Los métodos amperométricos aplicados a interfase formadas entre dos electrolitos no miscibles han sido desarrollados a partir de 1979 y desde entonces han adquirido gran importancia debido a sus múltiples aplicaciones en el estudio tanto de las propiedades fisicoquímicas de estas interfases como transporte de iones a través de ellas. Una de las técnicas electroquímicas más utilizadas es voltametría cíclica utilizando sistemas de cuatro electrodos (VCCE). Esta es una importante herramienta analítica ya que permite identificar y cuantificar iones inorgánicos y orgánicos, macrociclos, antibiótico y diferentes moléculas de interés en la química biológica y farmacéutica en muy bajas concentraciones, con la única condición de que el analito tenga carga eléctrica o la pueda adquirir por protonación o por formación de complejos. En este caso, el analito no participa de reacciones de oxidación o reducción: el pasaje del mismo a través de la interfase líquido/líquido produce un pico de corriente voltamétrico cuya magnitud s proporcional a la concentración mientras que el potencial al cual aparece el pico depende de la hidrofobicidad de la sustancia transportadora. Una gran cantidad de especies con actividad farmacéutica ha sido analizada empleando esta técnica. Entre ellas se puede mencionar a antibióticos como monesina, valinomicina, tetraciclina y terramicina, anestésicos locales como procaína, drogas neurotrópicas como benzodiacepinas y neurotransmisores como acetilcolina. (...) Resulta intersante estudiar la factibilidad de aplicar la VCCE al análisis de los enantiómeros de fármacos. L-efedrina es un adrenérgico ampliamente utilizado, cuya eficacia farmacológica depende de la pureza enantiomérica. Por lo tanto, la resolución del par enetiomérico es importante tanto en la producción comercial como en el control de calidad. En términos generales, se intenta aplicar la VCCE al análisis de enantiómeros de ciertos fármacos, en lo que se refiere a la cuantificación y determinación de la actividad fisiológica. Los objetivos específicos son los siguientes: * Estudiar electroquímicamente la formación de complejos de ambos isómeros de efedrina con diferentes ligandos. * Estudiar electroquímicamente la formación de sales de efedrina con un determinado isómero óptico de distintos ácidos. * Analizar la factibilidad de distinguir los enantiómeros de estos fármacos a través de VCCE. * Analizar el pasaje de (D)-Efedrina y (L)-efedrina a través de una monocapa de (L) dibehenoil fosfatidil colina. Establecer diferencias y correlacionar estos hechos con la diferente actividad fisiológica de cada enantiómero.

Electro-physiology / by W. Biedermann ; translated by F. A. Welby.

Vol. 1

Electro-physiology / by W. Biedermann ; translated by F. A. Welby.

Vol. 2

Experimental and model-based analysis of the steady-state and dynamic operating behaviour of the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC)

Direct methanol fuel cell, DMFC, model, mass transport, Maxwell-Stefan, Flory-Huggins, crossover, polymer electrolyte membrane, Nafion

Experimental study on n-butane partial oxidation to maleic anhydride in a solid electrolyte membrane reactor

n-Butane, Partial oxidation, Maleic anhydride, electrochemical oxygen pumping, solid electrolyte membrane reactor

Spektroskopische in situ-Untersuchungen der katalytischen CO-Oxidation an oxidmodifizierten Platinmetalloberflächen

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Verfahrens- und Systemtechnik, Diss., 2010

Electrochemical oxidation of H 2, CO gas mixtures in polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cells

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Verfahrens- und Systemtechnik, Diss., 2014

Entwicklungsprojekt MCUI13 : Machbarkeitsstudie/ Konzept zum Bau und Betrieb einer „Power to Methanol“-Anlage

[s.c.]

A mathematical model to describe fat oxidation kinetics during graded exercise.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model (sine model, SIN) to describe fat oxidation kinetics as a function of the relative exercise intensity [% of maximal oxygen uptake (%VO2max)] during graded exercise and to determine the exercise intensity (Fatmax) that elicits maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and the intensity at which the fat oxidation becomes negligible (Fatmin). This model included three independent variables (dilatation, symmetry, and translation) that incorporated primary expected modulations of the curve because of training level or body composition. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy volunteers (17 women and 15 men) performed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer, with 3-min stages and 20-W increments. Substrate oxidation rates were determined using indirect calorimetry. SIN was compared with measured values (MV) and with other methods currently used [i.e., the RER method (MRER) and third polynomial curves (P3)]. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the fitting accuracy between SIN and P3 (P = 0.157), whereas MRER was less precise than SIN (P < 0.001). Fatmax (44 +/- 10% VO2max) and MFO (0.37 +/- 0.16 g x min(-1)) determined using SIN were significantly correlated with MV, P3, and MRER (P < 0.001). The variable of dilatation was correlated with Fatmax, Fatmin, and MFO (r = 0.79, r = 0.67, and r = 0.60, respectively, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The SIN model presents the same precision as other methods currently used in the determination of Fatmax and MFO but in addition allows calculation of Fatmin. Moreover, the three independent variables are directly related to the main expected modulations of the fat oxidation curve. SIN, therefore, seems to be an appropriate tool in analyzing fat oxidation kinetics obtained during graded exercise.