Determination of stresses around a cylindrical single pile caused by horizontal movements of soils with the finitive element method

This study was carried out with the aim of modeling in 2D, in plain strain, the movement of a soft cohesive soil around a pile, in order to enable the determination of stresses resulting along the pile, per unit length. The problem in study fits into the large deformations problem and can be due to landslide, be close of depth excavations, to be near of zones where big loads are applied in the soil, etc. In this study is used an constitutive Elasto-Plastic model with the failure criterion of Mohr-Coulomb to model the soil behavior. The analysis is developed considering the soil in undrained conditions. To the modeling is used the finite element program PLAXIS, which use the Updated Lagrangian - Finite Element Method (UL-FEM). In this work, special attention is given to the soil-pile interaction, where is presented with some detail the formulation of the interface elements and some studies for a better understand of his behavior. It is developed a 2-D model that simulates the effect of depth allowing the study of his influence in the stress distribution around the pile. The results obtained give an important base about how behaves the movement of the soil around a pile, about how work the finite element program PLAXIS and how is the stress distribution around the pile. The analysis demonstrate that the soil-structure interaction modeled with the UL-FEM and interface elements is more appropriate to small deformations problems.

O ‘heróico cinema português’: 1930-1950

As décadas de trinta e quarenta do século XX português constituem, dentro da trajectória bastante irregular do cinema nacional, a época de maior regularidade. Com efeito, foi neste período que se verificou um considerável desenvolvimento do meio cinematográfico nacional. Este revelou-se um tempo dinâmico, quer a nível da produção, com o aparecimento dos filmes sonoros e das produtoras nacionais e respectivos estúdios, quer no que ao consumo diz respeito, com a multiplicação de salas de cinema; traduziu-se ainda no advento de revistas da especialidade, como a Kino, a Imagem ou o Cinéfilo, e no aparecimento de importantes realizadores portugueses – António Lopes Ribeiro, Leitão de Barros, Jorge Brum do Canto, Chianca Garcia –, produzindo-se relevantes trabalhos cinematográficos. Desta forma, neste artigo pretende-se apresentar o projecto cinematográfico nacional da época em estudo, possibilitando uma compreensão mais clara da evolução cinematográfica portuguesa no período de edificação do Estado Novo.

Qualidade da atenção ao parto em maternidades do Rio de Janeiro

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade da atenção durante o processo de trabalho de parto de acordo com normas da Organização Mundial de Saúde. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo do tipo caso-controle, realizado em duas maternidades: pública e conveniada com o Sistema Único de Saúde, no Município do Rio de Janeiro. A amostra foi composta por 461 mulheres na maternidade pública (230 partos vaginais e 231 cesáreas) e por 448 mulheres na maternidade conveniada (224 partos vaginais e 224 cesáreas). De outubro de 1998 a março de 1999, foram realizadas entrevistas com puérperas e revisão de prontuários. Foi construído escore sumarizador da qualidade do atendimento. RESULTADOS: Observou-se baixa freqüência de algumas práticas que devem ser encorajadas, como presença de acompanhante (1% na maternidade conveniada, em ambos os tipos de parto), deambulação durante o trabalho de parto (9,6% das cesáreas na maternidade pública e 9,9% dos partos vaginais na conveniada) e aleitamento na sala de parto (6,9% das cesáreas na maternidade pública e 8,0% das cesáreas na conveniada). Práticas comprovadamente danosas e que devem ser eliminadas como uso de enema (38,4%), tricotomia, hidratação venosa de rotina (88,8%), uso rotineiro de ocitocina (64,4%), restrição ao leito durante o trabalho de parto (90,1%) e posição de litotomia (98,7%) para parto vaginal apresentaram alta freqüência. Os melhores resultados do escore sumarizador foram obtidos na maternidade pública. CONCLUSÕES: As duas maternidades apresentam freqüência elevada de intervenções durante a assistência ao parto. A maternidade pública, apesar de atender clientela com maior risco gestacional, apresenta perfil menos intervencionista que maternidade conveniada. Procedimentos realizados de maneira rotineira merecem ser discutidos à luz de evidências de seus benefícios.

Cost of schizophrenia: direct costs and use of resources in the State of São Paulo

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the direct costs of schizophrenia for the public sector. METHODS: A study was carried out in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, during 1998. Data from the medical literature and governmental research bodies were gathered for estimating the total number of schizophrenia patients covered by the Brazilian Unified Health System. A decision tree was built based on an estimated distribution of patients under different types of psychiatric care. Medical charts from public hospitals and outpatient services were used to estimate the resources used over a one-year period. Direct costs were calculated by attributing monetary values for each resource used. RESULTS: Of all patients, 81.5% were covered by the public sector and distributed as follows: 6.0% in psychiatric hospital admissions, 23.0% in outpatient care, and 71.0% without regular treatment. The total direct cost of schizophrenia was US$191,781,327 (2.2% of the total health care expenditure in the state). Of this total, 11.0% was spent on outpatient care and 79.2% went for inpatient care. CONCLUSIONS: Most schizophrenia patients in the state of São Paulo receive no regular treatment. The study findings point out to the importance of investing in research aimed at improving the resource allocation for the treatment of mental disorders in Brazil.

Sobre dois filmes : Tabu de Miguel Gomes e Deste lado da ressurreição de Joaquim Sapinho ; Entrevista com António Reis e Margarida Cordeiro

Reúnem-se aqui dois textos sobre os filmes “Tabu”, de Miguel Gomes, e “Deste lado da ressurreição”, de Joaquim Sapinho, e recupera-se um entrevista com António Reis e Margarida Cordeiro publicada no “Diário de Lisboa” em 1985, quando da estreia em Lisboa do seu filme “Ana”.

Remoção hierárquica de geometria por oclusão em simulações em tempo real

Mestrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

Remoção de metais usando casca de amendoim

Mestrado em Engenharia Química

Solução doméstica para televisão digital

Mestrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

Recursos hidrominerais dos Açores: hidrogeologia e avaliação do potencial sócioeconómico

Tese de Doutoramento, Geologia (Hidrogeologia), 17 de Dezembro de 2013, Universidade dos Açores.

Mas que rica toalha!

O termo padrão quando empregue no dia a dia pode assumir diferentes significados. Em geral, está associado à identificação de algum tipo de regularidade. A Matemática, enquanto ciência dos padrões, fornece ferramentas que permitem classificar de forma rigorosa e exaustiva os padrões que encontramos, sejam eles numéricos, geométricos ou de outra natureza qualquer. Esta é a missão de um matemático: identificar regularidades para que, no meio da desordem e de um volume considerável de informação, se possa extrair algum tipo de invariância que conduza à caracterização das propriedades comuns aos diferentes casos analisados. (...) Dedicamos este artigo à caracterização de outro padrão bidimensional, desta vez proveniente do artesanato: analisamos as simetrias de uma toalha feita em renda tradicional ou croché de arte, com diferentes tipos de pontos (laça, amora, escadinha, ponto de serrilha, entre outros). A foto analisada foi enviada pela Dona Maria Freitas, da freguesia de Castelo Branco, que agradeço pela disponibilidade e simpatia. A peça foi executada pela sua mãe, Filomena Correia, há 8 anos quando tinha 80 anos! (...) Verificamos, de seguida, que a toalha apresenta os quatro tipos possíveis de simetria. (...) Destaca-se outro aspeto relevante que pode facilmente ser comprovado com recurso a um espelho: por cada centro de ordem 4 passam quatro eixos de simetria (representados por linhas contínuas em C) e por cada centro de ordem 2 passam dois eixos de simetria. Ficam, assim, caracterizadas as simetrias de reflexão. Resta identificar as simetrias de reflexão deslizante. Ora, estas estão associadas aos eixos de deslocamento representados a tracejado em C: por cada centro de rotação de ordem 2 passam dois eixos de deslocamento. Identifica-se em D um desses eixos de deslocamento: há uma reflexão seguida de uma translação de vetor paralelo ao eixo. Ao fixar o olhar ao longo do eixo de deslocamento, é possível verificar que os losangos alternam sucessivamente de posição, algo semelhante às marcas das nossas pegadas quando caminhamos descalços na areia. (...)

Besnoitia besnoiti protein disulfide isomerase (BbPDI): molecular characterization, expression and in silico modelling

Besnoitia besnoiti is an apicomplexan parasite responsible for bovine besnoitiosis, a disease with a high prevalence in tropical and subtropical regions and re-emerging in Europe. Despite the great economical losses associated with besnoitiosis, this disease has been underestimated and poorly studied, and neither an effective therapy nor an efficacious vaccine is available. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an essential enzyme for the acquisition of the correct three-dimensional structure of proteins. Current evidence suggests that in Neosporacaninum and Toxoplasmagondii, which are closely related to B. besnoiti, PDI play an important role in host cell invasion, is a relevant target for the host immune response, and represents a promising drug target and/or vaccine candidate. In this work, we present the nucleotide sequence of the B. besnoiti PDI gene. BbPDI belongs to the thioredoxin-like superfamily (cluster 00388) and is included in the PDI_a family (cluster defined cd02961) and the PDI_a_PDI_a'_c subfamily (cd02995). A 3D theoretical model was built by comparative homology using Swiss-Model server, using as a template the crystallographic deduced model of Tapasin-ERp57 (PDB code 3F8U chain C). Analysis of the phylogenetic tree for PDI within the phylum apicomplexa reinforces the close relationship among B. besnoiti, N. caninum and T. gondii. When subjected to a PDI-assay based on the polymerisation of reduced insulin, recombinant BbPDI expressed in E. coli exhibited enzymatic activity, which was inhibited by bacitracin. Antiserum directed against recombinant BbPDI reacted with PDI in Western blots and by immunofluorescence with B. besnoiti tachyzoites and bradyzoites.

Risk of colorectal cancer associated with the C677T polymorphism in 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase in Portuguese patients depends on the intake of methyl-donor nutrients

Background: Polymorphisms located in genes involved in the metabolism of folate and some methyl-related nutrients are implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC). Objective: We evaluated the association of 3 genetic polymorphisms [C677T MTHFR (methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase), A2756G MTR (methionine synthase), and C1420T SHMT (serine hydroxymethyltransferase)] with the intake of methyl-donor nutrients in CRC risk. Design: Patients withCRC(n 196) and healthy controls (n 200) matched for age and sex were evaluated for intake of methyl-donor nutrients and the 3 polymorphisms. Results: Except for folate intake, which was significantly lower in patients (P 0.02), no differences were observed in the dietary intake of other methyl-donor nutrients between groups. High intake of folate ( 406.7 g/d) was associated with a significantly lower risk of CRC (odds ratio: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.99). The A2756G MTR polymorphism was not associated with the risk of developing CRC. In contrast, homozygosity for the C677TMTHFRvariant (TT) presented a 3.0-fold increased risk of CRC (95% CI: 1.3, 6.7). Similarly, homozygosity for the C1420T SHMT polymorphism also had a 2.6-fold increased risk (95% CI: 1.1, 5.9) of developing CRC. When interactions between variables were studied, low intake of all methyl-donor nutrients was associated with an increased risk ofCRC in homozygous participants for the C677T MTHFR polymorphism, but a statistically significant interaction was only observed for folate (odds ratio: 14.0; 95% CI: 1.8, 108.5). No significant associations were seen for MTR or SHMT polymorphisms. Conclusion: These results show an association between the C677T MTHFR variant and different folate intakes on risk of CRC.

A comprehensive approach to evaluate nutritional status in Crohn's patients in the era of biologic therapy: a case-control study

Objectives - Evaluate the nutritional status of patients with inactive or mildly active Crohn's disease (CD), and identify possible causes for potential deficiencies. Methods - A total of 78 CD patients and 80 healthy controls were evaluated in respect of nutritional status, dietary intake, and life styles factors. Results - These 73/78 CD patients were on immunomodulating therapies. Mean body mass index (BMI) was lower in patients as compared to controls (P= 0.006) but 32% of CD patients and 33.8% of controls had a BMI > 25, whereas 8% and 23.8% in each group, respectively, were obese (BMI > 30Kg/m(2)). Fat free mass was significantly decreased in both genders (P < 0.05) whereas fat mass was decreased only in males (P= 0.01). Energy intake was significantly lower in CD patients (P < 0.0001) and we observed significantly lower adjusted mean daily intakes of carbohydrates, monounsaturated fat, fiber, calcium, and vitamins C, D, E, and K (P < 0.05). 29% of patients had excluded grains from their usual diet, 28% milk, 18% vegetables, and 11% fruits. Milk exclusion resulted in a significantly lower consumption of calcium and vitamin K (P < 0.001) and the exclusion of vegetables was associated to a lower consumption of vitamins C and E (P < 0.05). Physical activity was significantly lower in CD patients (P= 0.01) and this lack of physical activity was inversely correlated with increased fat mass percentage (r=-0.315, P= 0.001). Conclusions - Results showed that the most prevalent form of malnutrition in CD patients was an excess of body weight, which was concomitant with an inadequate dietary intake, namely micronutrients, clearly related to dietary exclusion of certain foods.

5' and 3' UTR thymidylate synthase polymorphisms modulate the risk of colorectal cancer independently of the intake of methyl group donors

Thymidylate synthase, as a rate-limiting step in DNA synthesis, catalyses the conversion of dUMP into dTMP using 5,10-methylenotetrahydrofolate as the methyl donor. Two polymorphisms have been described in this gene: a repeat polymorphism in the 5' promoter enhancer region (3R versus 2R) and a 6 bp deletion in the 3' unstranslated region. Both of these may affect protein levels. The present case control study was aimed at investigating the influence of these two polymorphisms on the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as their potential interaction with folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 intake. A total of 196 cases and 200 controls, matched for age and sex distribution, were included in the study. No association was found between CRC and the 28 bp repeat polymorphism, but it was observed that individuals with the 6 bp/del and del/del genotypes had a significantly lower risk of developing the disease (OR=0.47; 95% CI 0.30-0.72). A combined genotype (2R/2R; 6 bp/del+del/del) was also found, which was associated with an even lower risk of developing of the disease (OR=0.42; 95% CI 0.26-0.69). No significant interaction between these polymorphisms and vitamin intake was observed. These results indicate for the first time that the 6 bp/del allele might be a protective factor in the development of CRC, independent of the intake of methyl group donors.

The D1822V APC polymorphism interacts with fat, calcium, and fiber intakes in modulating the risk of colorectal cancer in Portuguese persons

Background - Both genetic and environmental factors affect the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Objective - We aimed to examine the interaction between the D1822V polymorphism of the APC gene and dietary intake in persons with CRC. Design - Persons with CRC (n = 196) and 200 healthy volunteers, matched for age and sex in a case-control study, were evaluated with respect to nutritional status and lifestyle factors and for the D1822V polymorphism. Results - No significant differences were observed in energy and macronutrient intakes. Cases had significantly (P < 0.05) lower intakes of carotenes, vitamins C and E, folate, and calcium than did controls. Fiber intake was significantly (P = 0.004) lower in cases than in controls, whereas alcohol consumption was associated with a 2-fold risk of CRC. In addition, cases were significantly (P = 0.001) more likely than were controls to be sedentary. The homozygous variant for the APC gene (VV) was found in 4.6% of cases and in 3.5% of controls. Examination of the potential interactions between diet and genotype found that a high cholesterol intake was associated with a greater risk of colorectal cancer only in noncarriers (DD) of the D1822V APC allele (odds ratio: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.76). In contrast, high fiber and calcium intakes were more markedly associated with a lower risk of CRC in patients carrying the polymorphic allele (DV/VV) (odds ratio: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.94 for fiber; odds ratio: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.93 for calcium) than in those without that allele. Conclusion - These results suggest a significant interaction between the D1822V polymorphism and the dietary intakes of cholesterol, calcium, and fiber for CRC risk.