Identitat diversa. Conflicte identitari en persones vinculades a diferents cultures

Aquest treball de Final de Grau es centra en investigar un fenomen personal i social experimentat per persones d’origen immigrat al plantejar-se la seva identitat vinculada a dues o més cultures. Aquesta recerca pretén apropar-se a les vivències, pensaments, sentiments, etc. de persones que han viscut un conflicte identitari i esbrinar si han experimentat una certa pressió social per definir la seva identitat en una o altra cultura i com ho han viscut. La investigació compta amb la participació de sis persones d’origen marroquí, algunes nascudes al territori i altres no, les quals expliquen las seva experiència i perspectiva sobre aquest fenomen.

Cyclosporine A kinetics in brain cell cultures and its potential of crossing the blood-brain barrier.

There is an increasing need to develop improved systems for predicting the safety of xenobiotics. However, to move beyond hazard identification the available concentration of the test compounds needs to be incorporated. In this study cyclosporine A (CsA) was used as a model compound to assess the kinetic profiles in two rodent brain cell cultures after single and repeated exposures. CsA induced-cyclophilin B (Cyp-B) secretion was also determined as CsA-specific pharmacodynamic endpoint. Since CsA is a potent p-glycoprotein substrate, the ability of this compound to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was also investigated using an in vitro bovine model with repeated exposures up to 14days. Finally, CsA uptake mechanisms were studied using a parallel artificial membrane assay (PAMPA) in combination with a Caco-2 model. Kinetic results indicate a low intracellular CsA uptake, with no marked bioaccumulation or biotransformation. In addition, only low CsA amounts crossed the BBB. PAMPA and Caco-2 experiments revealed that CsA is mostly trapped to lipophilic compartments and exits the cell apically via active transport. Thus, although CsA is unlikely to enter the brain at cytotoxic concentrations, it may cause alterations in electrical activity and is likely to increase the CNS concentration of other compounds by occupying the BBBs extrusion capacity. Such an integrated testing system, incorporating BBB, brain culture models and kinetics could be applied for assessing neurotoxicity potential of compounds.

Amiodarone biokinetics, the formation of its major oxidative metabolite and neurotoxicity after acute and repeated exposure of brain cell cultures.

The difficulty in mimicking nervous system complexity and cell-cell interactions as well as the lack of kinetics information has limited the use of in vitro neurotoxicity data. Here, we assessed the biokinetic profile as well as the neurotoxicity of Amiodarone after acute and repeated exposure in two advanced rodent brain cell culture models, consisting of both neurons and glial cells organized in 2 or 3 dimensions to mimic the brain histiotypic structure and function. A strategy was applied to evidence the abiotic processes possibly affecting Amiodarone in vitro bioavailability, showing its ability to adsorb to the plastic devices. At clinically relevant Amiodarone concentrations, known to induce neurotoxicity in some patients during therapeutic treatment, a complete uptake was observed in both models in 24h, after single exposure. After repeated treatments, bioaccumulation was observed, especially in the 3D cell model, together with a greater alteration of neurotoxicity markers. After 14days, Amiodarone major oxidative metabolite (mono-N-desethylamiodarone) was detected at limited levels, indicating the presence of active drug metabolism enzymes (i.e. cytochrome P450) in both models. The assessment of biokinetics provides useful information on the relevance of in vitro toxicity data and should be considered in the design of an Integrated Testing Strategy aimed to identify specific neurotoxic alerts, and to improve the neurotoxicity assay predictivity for human acute and repeated exposure.

Reframing video gaming and internet use addiction : empirical cross-national comparison of heavy use over time and addiction scales among young users

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Evidence-based and reliable measures of addictive disorders are needed in general population-based assessments. One study suggested that heavy use over time (UOT) should be used instead of self-reported addiction scales (AS). This study compared UOT and AS regarding video gaming and internet use empirically, using associations with comorbid factors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data from the 2011 French Survey on Health and Consumption on Call-up and Preparation for Defence-Day (ESCAPAD), cross-sectional data from the 2012 Swiss ado@internet.ch study and two waves of longitudinal data (2010-13) of the Swiss Longitudinal Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF). SETTING: Three representative samples from the general population of French and Swiss adolescents and young Swiss men, aged approximately 17, 14 and 20 years, respectively. PARTICIPANTS: ESCAPAD: n =22 945 (47.4% men); ado@internet.ch: n =3049 (50% men); C-SURF: n =4813 (baseline + follow-up, 100% men). MEASUREMENTS: We assessed video gaming/internet UOT ESCAPAD and ado@internet.ch: number of hours spent online per week, C-SURF: latent score of time spent gaming/using internet] and AS (ESCAPAD: Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire, ado@internet.ch: Internet Addiction Test, C-SURF: Gaming AS). Comorbidities were assessed with health outcomes (ESCAPAD: physical health evaluation with a single item, suicidal thoughts, and appointment with a psychiatrist; ado@internet.ch: WHO-5 and somatic health problems; C-SURF: Short Form 12 (SF-12 Health Survey) and Major Depression Inventory (MDI). FINDINGS: UOT and AS were correlated moderately (ESCAPAD: r = 0.40, ado@internet.ch: r = 0.53 and C-SURF: r = 0.51). Associations of AS with comorbidity factors were higher than those of UOT in cross-sectional (AS: .005 ≤ |b| ≤ 2.500, UOT: 0.001 ≤ |b| ≤ 1.000) and longitudinal analyses (AS: 0.093 ≤ |b| ≤ 1.079, UOT: 0.020 ≤ |b| ≤ 0.329). The results were similar across gender in ESCAPAD and ado@internet.ch (men: AS: 0.006 ≤ |b| ≤ 0.211, UOT: 0.001 ≤ |b| ≤ 0.061; women: AS: 0.004 ≤ |b| ≤ 0.155, UOT: 0.001 ≤ |b| ≤ 0.094). CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of heavy use over time captures part of addictive video gaming/internet use without overlapping to a large extent with the results of measuring by self-reported addiction scales (AS). Measuring addictive video gaming/internet use via self-reported addiction scales relates more strongly to comorbidity factors than heavy use over time.

Courts and Courtly Cultures in Early Modern Italy and Europe: Models and Languages

This volume deals with the forms of propaganda and self-representation, through words and images, during the rise of the 'civiltà delle corti' and through processes typical of the time, such as confrontation, adaptation, competition and rivalry. This period, which marked the passage of Italian and European culture from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, is fundamental in the development of Modern Europe, and it lasted up to the XVIII century and beyond. At the heart of many matters debated here lies the relationship between culture and politics. The formation of a 'Lombard identity', central to the Sinergia project which was the frame of the whole research and its conferences, is closely linked to this broad general context. It places the so called 'questione milanese' - above the traditional hierarchies 'Toscana oriented' - at the centre of many questions regarding Northern Italy as a whole, starting from the dissolution of the Medieval communes, through to the rise of the signorie, from the end of the XIII century and the beginning of the XIV century up to the early XVI century.

Identification des dermatophytes en cultures sur la base de leurs critères macroscopiques et microscopiques

Contexte : Les dermatophytes sont des champignons filamenteux parasites spécialisés qui dégradent les tissus kératinisés. Ils sont responsables de la plupart des mycoses de la peau, du cuir chevelu et des cheveux, et des ongles. Le choix du traitement des dermatophytoses dépend des symptômes et du dermatophyte incriminé parmi une quinzaine d'espèces possibles. L'identification des dermatophytes se fait en général sur la base des caractères macroscopiques et microscopiques des cultures. L'identification est parfois difficile ou reste incertaine car il peut y avoir des variations d'un isolat à l'autre au sein d'une même espèce. Cependant, les espèces sont facilement identifiées sur la base de séquences d'ADN. En pratique, des séquences d'ADN ribosomique suffisamment polymorphes sont le plus souvent utilisées pour discriminer les espèces de dermatophytes. Des méthodes spécialisées et sophistiquées telles que les séquences d'ADN et la spectrométrie de masse sont de plus en plus proposées dans la littérature pour identifier les dermatophytes. Toutefois, ces méthodes ne peuvent pas être utilisées directement par un médecin dans un cabinet médical. C'est pourquoi des méthodes plus simples basées sur l'observation de caractères phénotypiques des champignons en culture ne devraient pas être abandonnées. Objectif : Etablir une clé d'identification dichotomique se basant sur des caractères macroscopiques et microscopiques permettant une identification fiable du dermatophyte par la culture. Des clés d'identification des espèces seront élaborées et testées pour leur validation en parallèle avec leur identification par des méthodes de Biologie Moléculaire. Créer un outil simple qui pourra être utilisé au laboratoire par des médecins ou des biologistes non spécialisés en mycologie pour identifier les dermatophytes sans avoir recours à une technologie sophistiquée. Méthodes : Inventaire des espèces isolées de 2001 à 2012 au laboratoire de dermatologie du CHUV. Inventaire des caractères phénotypiques permettant de caractériser chaque espèce. Création d'un système dichotomique sur la base des caractères phénotypiques pour séparer et identifier les espèces (clé d'identification des espèces). Résultats attendus : Les résultats attendus sont définis au niveau des objectifs. L'outil doit être accessible pour des personnes inexpérimentées qui pourront alors identifier les dermatophytes. Plus-value : Les dermatophytoses sont fréquemment diagnostiquées. Cet outil est destiné à tous les dermatologues installés et au personnel de laboratoire qui ne sont pas nécessairement spécialisés en la matière.

Faire fondre la banquise : la difficile ouverture des villes suisses aux cultures jeunes

L'année 1980 représente une année charnière pour le développement des grandes villes de Suisse. Jusqu'alors marquées par une offre culturelle extrêmement pauvre et peu diversifiée, l'apparition et l'activité des scènes musicales jeunes vont les obliger à changer de politique. Cette arrivée soudaine des scènes de musique va d'abord passer par une phase conflictuelle. Pour faire fondre la banquise conservatrice qui recouvre alors les différentes villes, les jeunes acteurs de ces scènes vont devoir se mobiliser pour conquérir des territoires urbains. Mais par la suite, les autorités vont engager des réformes prenant en compte les revendications des scènes musicales quant à leur existence dans le paysage urbain. En s'intéressant aux cinq plus grandes villes de Suisse (Zurich, Bâle, Genève, Berne et Lausanne), cet article souhaite démontrer comment les scènes musicales ont permis de moderniser ces villes, en en renouvelant l'identité et en s'inscrivant concrètement dans leur territoire. Dans une perspective socio-historique, cette étude croisera analyse d'archives, témoignages d'individus membres de ces scènes, données quantitatives sur l'offre culturelle et études des politiques gouvernementales. Il s'agira à la fois d'observer l'impact concret des scènes musicales sur ces villes et de se demander si cette intégration implique des formes de récupération ou de transformation de ce ses scènes.

Enhanced triterpene production in Tabernaemontana catharinensis cell suspension cultures in response to biotic elicitors

Cell suspension cultures of Tabernaemontana catharinensis were treated with autoclaved homogenates of Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium avelanium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The effects caused by the concentration, exposure time and the type of elicitor on the accumulation of pentacyclic triterpenes were monitored. When exposed to biotic elicitors for longer periods, some cell lines redoubled the production of those triterpenes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae homogenate was the best elicitor of triterpenes in all cell lines investigated.

Les cultures en contacte

L’evidència de la multiplicitat de cultures a l’escola planteja molts interrogants sobre la manera com han de ser-hi presents aquestes cultures. Si volem que contribueixin a construir una cultura comuna plenament inserida en el nostre país, com podem convertir les dificultats d’aquest objectiu en clau d’oportunitat?

Leaf and root volatiles produced by tissue cultures of Alpinia zerumbet (pers.) Burtt & Smith under the influence of different plant growth regulators

Volatiles produced by plantlets of Alpinia zerumbet were obtained by means of simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE). The effects of indole-3-acetic acid, kinetin, thidiazuron and 6-benzylaminopurine on leaf and root volatile composition obtained by tissue cultures were investigated. A higher content of b-pinene and a lower content of sabinene were observed in leaf volatile of plantlets cultured in control, IAA and IAA+ TDZ media, as compared with those of donor plants. In vitro conditions were favorable to increase caryophyllene content. Volatile compounds from the root were characterized mainly by camphene, fenchyl-acetate and bornyl acetate; which constitute about 60% of total volatile.

Media in the Ubiquitous Era: Ambient, Social and Gaming Media

http://www.igi-global.com/book/media-ubiquitous-era/49581

Rheological behavior of Chlorella sp. e Scenedesmus sp. cultures in different biomass concentrations

Studies involving the use of microalgae are increasingly intensifying for the potential they present to produce biofuels, because they are a renewable energy source that does not compete directly with food production, and because they enable the obtaining of a fuel with less environmental impact when compared to fossil fuel. In this context, the use of microalgae is directly associated to its capacity to be produced on a large scale and to be extracted from the culture medium. Rheological studies are important for obtaining the information needed in the elaboration of projects and equipment that will be used in various operations existing in systems of production and extraction of algal biomass. In the evaluation of different levels of dry biomass concentration, studies have been conducted of the rheological behavior of cultures of Chlorella sp. BR001 and Scenedesmus sp. BR003. The Power Law model adjusted well to the data of shear stress as a function of strain rate. In all concentrations the cultures showed non-Newtonian behavior. It was observed to Scenedesmus sp. BR003 little effect of biomass concentration on the apparent viscosity and shear stress.