Osmotic Stress Induces Expression of Choline Monooxygenase in Sugar Beet and Amaranth1

Choline monooxygenase (CMO) catalyzes the committing step in the synthesis of glycine betaine, an osmoprotectant accumulated by many plants in response to salinity and drought. To investigate how these stresses affect CMO expression, a spinach (Spinacia oleracea L., Chenopodiaceae) probe was used to isolate CMO cDNAs from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L., Chenopodiaceae), a salt- and drought-tolerant crop. The deduced beet CMO amino acid sequence comprised a transit peptide and a 381-residue mature peptide that was 84% identical (97% similar) to that of spinach and that showed the same consensus motif for coordinating a Rieske-type [2Fe-2S] cluster. A mononuclear Fe-binding motif was also present. When water was withheld, leaf relative water content declined to 59% and the levels of CMO mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity rose 3- to 5-fold; rewatering reversed these changes. After gradual salinization (NaCl:CaCl2 = 5.7:1, mol/mol), CMO mRNA, protein, and enzyme levels in leaves increased 3- to 7-fold at 400 mm salt, and returned to uninduced levels when salt was removed. Beet roots also expressed CMO, most strongly when salinized. Salt-inducible CMO mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity were readily detected in leaves of Amaranthus caudatus L. (Amaranthaceae). These data show that CMO most probably has a mononuclear Fe center, is inducibly expressed in roots as well as in leaves of Chenopodiaceae, and is not unique to this family.

Migration and Integration. Common Challenges and Responses from Europe and Asia

With the signing of the ASEAN Framework Agreement for the Integration of Priority Sectors (FA) in 2004, migration and integration issues gained significance on the agenda. Primarily concerned with increasing economic growth, this framework excludes the integration of low and unskilled migrant workers; instead, ASEAN efforts to address migration and integration issues have been limited to Mutual Recognition Agreements for skilled labour and professionals. After an analysis of migration policy in the region, we highlight specific barriers to the integration of labour migrants in two priority sectors – nursing, which is highly regulated by the state, and Information, Communications and Technology (ICT), which is typically selfregulated and privately run. Despite a MRA for nursing allowing registered nurses to practice in another ASEAN country under supervision of local nurses without registering with the host country’s nursing regulatory authority, in practice, there are major barriers to the free movement of nurses within ASEAN in terms of skills recognition, licensure requirements and other protectionist measures. Although regulations governing the inflow of ICT professionals are not as stringent as those for healthcare professionals, private costs associated with job search and gaining foreign employment are higher in the ICT sector, largely due to limited information on international mobility within the industry. Three sets of barriers to greater integration are discussed. First, the economic and political diversity within ASEAN makes integration more problematic than in the European Union. Second, the primary concern with value-adding economic growth means that regional agreements are focused on skilled and professional labour migration only. Third, the “ASEAN way” of doing things – via a strong emphasis on consensus and non-interference with domestic policies – often means that the FA provision for the free movement of labour is usually trumped by domestic policies that do not reflect the same desire for labour integration.

Information Guide: Shqipëria. December 2014

Kjo Është një udhëzues për burimet e informacionit mbi Republikën e Shqipërisë, me lidhje (hyperlinks) për informacion brenda në ‘Burimet Europiane Online’ (ESO) dhe në faqet e interneti jasht rrjetit ESO [A guide to information sources on the Republic of Albania, with hyperlinks to information within European Sources Online and on external websites.]

U-M Softball Team, 1978

Front Row: Manager Debbie Snyder, Diane Mettelman, Tammy Herremans, Debbie Allor, Anna Bullard, Theresa Gardocki, Head Coach Gloria Soluk

Second Row: Shelly Piilo, Evelyn Edgecombe, Ann Slade, Kathy VanDeusen, Katy Brady, Sheryl Tominac, Trainer Laura Pieri

Top Row: Brenda Venhuizen, Mary Hibbard, Terry Conlin, Theresa Wyckoff, Roberta Zald, Fran Wiecha, Ass't. Coach Mina Sonda

University of Michigan Field Hockey Team, 1994

Back Row: Amy Helber, Jamie Robbins, Brie Derr, Julie Flachs, Asleya Koreishi, Meredith Weinstein, Sandra Cabrera, Nancy Irvine, Rachel Geisthardt

Front Row: Michelle Smulders, Meredith Franden, Selna Harris, Aimee Remigo, Jennifer Lupinski, Sherene Smith, Carolyn Schwarz, Gia Biagi, Brenda Beaudry

1977/78 UM Women's Basketball Team

Back Row: ass't coach Margo Plotzke, Sara Smolenski, Teresa Wyckoff, Natasha Cender, Kenda Scheele, Abby Currier, Brenda Venhuizen

Middle Row: student trainer Lynn Squanda, student manager Pat Muthart, Deb Allor, Marilyn Best, Denise Cameron, Sheila Butler, Mary Donovan, head coach Gloria Soluk, head trainer Rose Snyder, student manager Ledora Scott

Front Row: Michelle Barrett, Jan Stevens, Terry Conlin, Linda Gardener, Karen Gilhooly, Jeanne Otto

1979 UM Women's Basketball Team

Back Row: assistant coach Margo Plotzke, Brenda Venhuizen, Terri Conlin, Diane McNamara, Jill Smith, Kris Hansen, Yvette Harris, Diane Dietz, Tammie Sanders, Penny Neer, ? coach, coach Gloria Soluk,

Front Row: ?, Deb Allor, Jeanne White, Terry Schevers, Abby Courier, Monique Bernoudy, Michelle Grier, coach

UM Women's Track Team, 1980

Front Row (left to right): Cathy Sharpe, Brenda Kazinec, Renee Turner, Lorrie Thornton, Dawn Woodruff, Sue Frederick, Julie Clifford.

Middle Row: Coach Ken Simmons, Kathy Kampen, Tina Smith, Cornelia Kaufmann, Nanette Feleccia, Maureen Miner, Dana Loesche, Kathy Benner, Sheila Mayberry.

Back Row: Assistant Coach Scott Hubbard, Deb Williams, Janet Hallfriach, Karen Perry, Joanna Bullard, Melanie Weaver, Sheila Shatter

Missing: Lynn Fudala, Dede Key, Sherrie King, Penny Neer, Sharon Wigglesworth.

UM Women's Track Team, 1980

Front Row: Julie Clifford, Dawn Woodruff, Dana Loesch, Sheila Mayberry, Lisa Larsen, Melanie Weaver, Brenda Kazinec

Middle Row: DeDe Key, Kathy Kampen, Tina Smith, Carolyn Clymer, Catherine Sharpe, Sue Frederick, Sherrie King, Maureen Miner

Back Row: asst. coach Sheila Shetter, Debbie Williams, Lynn Fudala, Joanna Bullard, Renee Turner, Penny Neer, Lorrie Thornton, head coach Ken "Red" Simmons

UM Women's Track Team, 1981

Front Row: assistant coach James Henry, Lorrie Thornton, Josie Von Voightlander, Brenda Kazinec, Cathy Sharpe, Lynn Fudala, Jane Hallfritsch, Maureen Miner,

Middle Row: Coach Red Simmons, Dawn Woodruff, Debbie Williams, Laurie Schafer, Julie Clifford, Joanna Bullard, Renee Turner, Jan Schindler, Carol Lam, trainer Donna Huelke

Back Row: Martha Gray, Tina Smith, Kathy Kampen, Ingrid, Rader, Cathy Guise, Melanie Weaver, Lisa Larsen, Hope Weisman, Karen Perry, assistant coach Mark Timmons

UM Women's Track Team, 1982

Front Row: Brenda Kazinec, Carol Lam, Suzanne Frederick, Maureen Miner, Judy Yuhn, Cindy Cook, Mary Evans, Catherine Sharpe, Lena Kasper.

Middle Row: Lisa Kozak, Maria Adnos, Martha Gray, Dina Zarin, Lisa Sims, Melanie Weaver, Lisa Larsen, Cindy Curlett, Catherine Guise.

Back Row: Asst. Coach James Henry, Lorrie Thornton, Dawn Rich, Teraisa Logan, Renee Turner, Joanna Bullard, Debra Williams, Hope Weisman, Julie Clifford, Melody Middleton, Head Coach Francie Goodridge.

Missing from photo: Kathy Kampen, Janet Schindler, Jamie Wainer, Dawn Woodruff, Patrice(?) Shanahan

UM Women's Track Team, 1983

Front Row: Lisa Larsen, Brenda Kazinec, Carol Lamb, Sue Foster, Patti Shanahan, Kari Manns, Lisa Sims, Lynn Fisher

Middle Row: Sue Schroeder, Cathy Smith, Melanie Weaver, Judy Yuhn, Kelly Bert, Melody Middleton, Maureen Miner, Maria Andos, Dawn Rich

Back Row: assistant coach James Henry, Hope Weisman, Darlene Fortman, Martha Gray, Joanna Bullard, Joyce Wilson, ?, Angie Hafner, head coach Francie Goodridge

Missing: Dana Loesche, Bonnie McDonald, Lorie Thornton

Vedda music /

"Reprinted from The Veddas by C.G. Seligmann and Brenda Z. Seligmann. Published by the Cambridge University Press"--Cover.

A guide to the use of United Nations documents, including reference to the specialized agencies and special U.N. bodies /

Bibliography: p. 268-269.

A guide to environmental benefits assessment in economic impact studies : report of the Environmental Management Program at Governors State University /

Bibliography: p. [439]-450.