Anales eclesiásticos y seculares de la muy noble y muy leal ciudad de Sevilla, metrópoli de la Andalucia, que contienen sus mas principales memorias desde el año de 1246, en que emprendió conquistarla del poder de los Moros el gloriosísimo Rey S. Fernando III de Castilla y Leon, hasta el de 1671 en que la Católica Iglesia le concedió el culto y titulo de Bienaventurado /

Spine title: Anales de Sevilla.

Noticia histórica de la República de Venezuela. Obra de política, moral y costumbres americanas. Escrita en Carácas en 1872,

Mode of access: Internet.

Revista política de las diversas administraciones que la república Mexicana ha tenido hasta 1873 [i.e. 1837] /

Spine title: Revista política.

Estudios críticos sobre literatura, política y costumbres de nuestros días.

Vols. 2-3 have imprint: Madrid, F. Álvarez.

Historia de las persecuciones políticas y religiosas occuridas en Europa desde la Edad Media hasta nuestros dias : obra única en su género /

"Galeria política filosófica y humanitaria imparcial y concienzudamente escrita; recopilada de las historias de todas las naciones de Europa, de las religiones, sectas, escuelas y partidos, revoluciones, reacciones, procesos y tribunales célebres, publicadas por los mas sabios filósofos, estadistas, é historiadores de todas las épocas, y de los documentos que se encuentran en las principales bibliotecas de Europa."

Historia de España en el siglo XIX : sucesos políticos, económicos, sociales y artísicos /

Mode of access: Internet.

Fantasías y devaneos : (política, literatura, naturaleza)

Author's pseud., Azorín, at head of title.

El político : (con un epílogo futurista)

Author's pseud., Azorín, at head of title.

Consideraciones políticas y económicas en la actualidad de Bolivia : dedicado a la juventud boliviana.

Mode of access: Internet.

El Tachira físico, político e ilustrado,

Mode of access: Internet.

Política de buen humor : colección de artículos que pintan una época reciente de la historia venezolana /

Mode of access: Internet.

Olózaga. 1808-1863. Estudio político y biográfico encargado por la Tertulia Progresista de Madrid à Don Angel Fernandez de los Rios. Discursos que pronunció en el Congreso de los Diputados el excmo. señor don Salustiano de Olózaga, los dias 11 y 12 de diciembe de 1861. Opinion que sobre ellos emitió la prensa.

Mode of access: Internet.

Poli︠a︡rnai︠a︡ zvi︠e︡zda.

Editors: Iskander (pseud. A.I. Herzen), N.P. Ogarev.

Desenvolvimento de bionanocompósitos: nano e microcristais de celulose com poli (álcool vinílico) e poli (ácido lático)

This work has the main objective to obtain nano and microcrystals of cellulose, extracted from the pineapple leaf fibres (PALF), as reinforcement for the manufacture of biocomposite films with polymeric matrices of Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and Poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The polymer matrices and the nano and microcrystals of cellulose were characterised by means of TGA, FTIR and DSC. The analysis was performed on the pineapple leaves to identify the macro and micronutrients. The fibers of the leaves of the pineapple were extracted in a desfibradeira mechanical. The PALF extracted were washed to remove washable impurities and subsequently treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) in the removal of impurities, such as fat, grease, pectates, pectin and lignin. The processed PALF fibers were hydrolysed in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at a concentration of 13.5 %, to obtain nano and microcrystals of cellulose. In the manufacture of biocomposite films, concentrations of cellulose, 0 %, 1 %, 3 %, 6 %, 9% and 12% were used as reinforcement to the matrices of PVA and PLA. The PVA was dissolved in distilled water at 80 ± 5 oC and the PLA was dissolved in dichloromethane at room temperature. The manufacture of biocompósitos in the form of films was carried out by "casting". Tests were carried out to study the water absorption by the films and mechanical test of resistance to traction according to ASTM D638-10 with a velocity of 50 mm/min.. Chi-square statistical test was used to check for the existence of significant differences in the level of 0.05: the lengths of the PALF, lengths of the nano and microcrystals of cellulose and the procedures used for the filtration using filter syringe of 0.2 μm or filtration and centrifugation. The hydrophilicity of biocompósitos was analysed by measuring the contact angle and the thickness of biocompósitos were compared as well as the results of tests of traction. Statistical T test - Student was also applied with the significance level (0.05). In biodegradation, Sturm test of standard D5209 was used. Nano and microcrystals of cellulose with lengths ranging from 7.33 nm to 186.17 nm were found. The PVA films showed average thicknesses of 0.153 μm and PLA 0.210 μm. There is a strong linear correlation directly proportional between the traction of the films of PVA and the concentration of cellulose in the films (composite) (0,7336), while the thickness of the film was correlated in 0.1404. Nano and microcrystals of cellulose and thickness together, correlated to 0.8740. While the correlation between the cellulose content and tensile strength was weak and inversely proportional (- 0,0057) and thickness in -0.2602, totaling -0,2659 in PLA films. This can be attributed to the nano and microcrystals of cellulose not fully adsorbed to the PLA matrix. In the comparison of the results of the traction of the two polymer matrices, the nano and microcrystals have helped in reducing the traction of the films (composite) of PLA. There was still the degradation of the film of PVA, within a period of 20 days, which was not seen in the PLA film, on the other hand, the observations made in the literature, the average time to start the degradation is above 60 days. What can be said that the films are biodegradable composites, with hydrophilicity and the nano and microcrystals of cellulose, contribute positively in the improvement of the results of polymer matrices used.

Nanopartículas catiônicas de poli (ácido lático) para liberação modificada de peptídios da peçonha do escorpião Tityus serrulatus

Reported accidents involving the poisoning scorpions are still frequent in Brazil, mainly caused by Tityus serrulatus, known as yellow scorpion. Although antivenom sera are produced routinely by various government laboratories, the effectiveness of its use depends on how quickly treatment is initiated and efficiency in the production of antibodies by the immunized animals. In this study, the development of cationic polymeric nanoparticles of poly(lactic acid) aimed to create a modified delivery system for peptides and proteins of T. serrulatus venom, able to enhance the production of serum antibodies against the scorpion toxins. The cationic nanoparticles were obtained by a low energy nanoprecipitation, after study of the parameters’ variations effects over the physicochemical properties of the particles. The surface functionalization of the nanoparticles with the hyperbranched polyethyleneimine was proved by zeta potential analysis and enabled the adsorption by electrostatic interaction of different types of proteins. The protein loading efficiency of 40-80 % to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 100 % to scorpion venom peptides evaluated by spectrophotometry and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed the success of the selected parameters established for obtainment of nanoparticles, produced with size between 100 to 250 nm. The atomic force microscopy analysis and in vitro release showed that the spherical nanoparticles provided a sustained release profile of proteins by diffusion mechanism, demonstrating the potential for application of the nanoparticles in vivo.