Composto orgânico de agroindústrias na produção de feijão de inverno e milho no sistema plantio direto

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Liberação de nutrientes da palhada de forrageiras consorciadas com milho e sucessão com soja

In tropical regions there is rapid decomposition of plant material deposited on the soil, and the ability to recycle nutrients through this decomposition is one of the most important aspects of cover crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield and nutrient release from forage crops intercropped with maize for silage, and soybean in succession. The study was conducted in the experimental area of Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira campus, Brazil. The experiment consisted of maize for silage intercropped with four forage species (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, Urochloa ruziziensis, Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania, and Panicum maximum cv. Aries) sown in three modalities: in the maize row, together with fertilizer; broadcast at maize sowing; and broadcast in the V4 stage of maize, in a randomized block design in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement with four replications. The evaluation of nutrient release was performed during the soybean cropping that followed the intercropping by the litter bag method at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after sowing of soybean. Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania showed higher dry matter yield when sown by broadcasting at maize sowing. Sowing of forages in the maize row, and through broadcasting at maize sowing led to greater dry matter yield for straw formation. Intercropping of maize with forages in the autumn is an alternative for increasing the amount of straw and cycling of macronutrients in a no-till system. Potassium was the nutrient with the greatest accumulation in the forage straws (up to 150 kg ha(-1)), with 100 % release at 90 days after sowing soybean. The forage straws are thus an excellent alternative for cycling of this nutrient. Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania sown by broadcasting at the time of maize sowing showed greater phosphorus cycling (13 kg ha(-1)). Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania broadcast in the V4 stage of maize is the option with least potential for straw production and nutrient cycling, while the other options (forages and sowing modalities) have higher potential for use, at the criteria of machine availability for setting up intercropping with corn.

Efeito da aplicação de biocarvão, cama de frango e formulado NPK no estado nutricional de laranjeira em Terra Mulata

Growing in orange on Terra Mulata has been submitted nutrient limitation requiring correction in agricultural areas. The application of biochar associated with another source of nutrients can be a viable alternative to increase the efficiency of fertilizers and reduce losses in the areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of biochar, poultry litter and NPK in the nutritional status of orange trees grown in an Oxisol with anthropogenic A horizon (Terra Mulata). The study was conducted in a rural property landfall in Manacapuru (AM) in a randomized block design with eight treatments using biochar, poultry litter and NPK (4-14-8) applied in isolation and associates. To review two samples were taken at different periods of sheets to determine the nutritional status. Fertilizers applied did not increase the efficiency in the availability of contents of N, P, Fe and Zn, being the latter below the range of suitable content. As for the K, compost chicken manure and their combinations increased their availability, and the highest levels of Mg were found in the control treatment.

Rentabilidade na semeadura cruzada da cultura da soja

Soybean cross-seeding tillage came from better spatial arrangement of plants per area, so some producers have opted for this tillage system, which consists in seeding the area in two steps, forming a chessboard with perpendicular lines of tillage. This study aims to analyse the soybean productivity and production costs when it planted in different dispositions of crossed tillage. The experiment was conducted during the harvests 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 at Lageado Farm of the FCA/UNESP, Botucatu-SP, in an area cultivated under no-tillage. The experimental design was in randomized block with five treatments and eight replications. The treatments were: seeding in parallel rows with recommended fertilization and recommended plant population (conventional); cross-seeding with doubled fertilization and doubled plant population; cross-seeding with recommended plant population and doubled fertilization; cross-seeding with doubled plant population and recommended fertilization; cross-seeding with fertilization and recommended plant population. The results showed statistical difference among the treatments, with increased productivity for the cross-seeding with doubled plant population and recommended fertilization. However the conventional tillage with parallel lines shows higher net earnings than soybean cross-seeding, being more profitable for producer.

Alterações na estabilidade de agregados de latossolo e argissolo em função do manejo, na entrelinha da seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis)

A trial was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the effect of different management systems applied between the rows of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) on the aggregate stability in water of Dark Red Latosol, with clayey texture from the Municipality of Jaboticabal (SP) and Yellow Red Podzolic, sandy/medium texture fromthe Municipality of Tabapua (SP). The treatments consisted of disk harrowing, Pueraria phaseoloides and mowing. The soil samples were withdrawn after seven years of application of these management systems from depths of 0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, and 0.3-0.4 m. The stability of the aggregates was obtained in sieves with size classes of 8-4, 4-2, 2-1, 1-0.5, 0.5-0.125, and < 0.125 mm. The Pueraria phaseoloides gave a significant difference regarding the distribution of the aggregates on the superficial layer (10 cm) when compared to the other management systems, presenting a higher distribution of larger sized aggregates on the Dark Red Latosol. The tillage management for this same depth presented higher values of small sized aggregates on both soils. The organic matter on the soils showed a direct and significant relation to the stability of the larger sized aggregates and an inverse relation with the stability of the smaller sized aggregates.

Desempenho agronômico do milho e do trigo em função da inoculação com azospirillum brasilense e doses e fontes de nitrogênio

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Efeito da adubação biológica em cana-de-açúcar associada a doses crescentes de fertilização mineral

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ammonia volatilization losses in Tanzania grass fertilized with urea

Gaseous losses are the main factors affecting the efficiency of nitrogenous fertilizers in pastures. To evaluate NH3-N volatilization losses in Tanzania grass fertilized with urea in autumn, spring and summer, a completely randomized design with repeated measurements over time and fifteen replicates was used. Plots were represented by urea levels (50; 100 and 150 kg ha-1 N) and subplots by time after fertilization (1; 2; 3; 6; 9; 12 and 15 days). The interaction between fertilization leveland time after urea application was significant for the accumulated NH3-N volatilization. Urea application leads to higher percentage N losses in the first three days after application. The average cumulative NH3- N loss for the three occasions (different seasons of the year) was 28%, 20% and 16% of N applied for fertilizer doses of 50; 100 and 150 kg ha-1 of N, respectively. The season of the year influenced NH3-N loss pattern and volume, with the lowest values recorded in spring, followed by summer and autumn. The cumulative NH3-N volatilization loss varies from 78 to 90% up to the third day after application of the total NNH3 loss.

Níveis de carboidratos e lipídios em dietas para juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum): variáveis produtivas, fisiológicas e turnover isotópico

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Greenhouse gas emissions and N2o mitigation in beef cattle production on tropical pasture

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cinética do 15N em frangos de corte

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Adubação orgânica e fertirrigação potássica em videira Syrah no Semiárido

Apesar da grande importância da adubação na qualidade das uvas, ainda existem poucos estudos sobre a fertirrigação em videira de vinho no Vale do Submédio São Francisco. Com o objetivo de avaliar a produção de uvas sob a influência de doses de potássio e de adubo orgânico, um experimento foi realizado na Embrapa Semiárido, em Petrolina-PE, com videiras (Vitis vinifera L.), ‘Syrah’, enxertadas sobre o porta-enxerto ‘Paulsen’ 1103 e cultivadas no espaçamento 3 x 1 m. As plantas foram irrigadas por um sistema de gotejamento, com um emissor por planta, com vazão de 2 L h¹. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de cinco doses de potássio (0, 20, 40, 80 e 160 kg ha¹) e duas doses de adubo orgânico (0 e 7,5 m³ qual o adubo orgânico constituiu as parcelas e as doses de potássio as subparcelas. Foram avaliados na colheita o número de cachos por planta, a produção total por planta, o peso médio dos cachos e o rendimento total das plantas. As diferentes doses de potássio aplicadas pelo sistema de irrigação e de adubo orgânico aplicados via solo não influenciaram significativamente as características avaliadas.

Emissão de gases de efeito estufa e estoque de carbono no sistema solo-planta em função do sistema de produção e da aplicação superficial de corretivo da acidez

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Lodo de esgoto compostado na produção de tapetes de grama esmeralda e na manutenção de água no solo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Qualidade física e química do solo em função do sistema de produção e da aplicação superficial de silicato e calcário em experimento de longa duração

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)