Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

The chronic obstructive lung disease is reviewed with emphasys on its epidemiology and risk factors. The diagnosis, clinical aspects pulmonary, functional alterations and laboratorial findings are discussed. The treatment is also reviewed, based on the actual consensus, considering the following classes of approaches: bronchodilators, inhaled β-agonists, corticoids, methilxanthines, prolonged domiciliar-orygen therapy.

Comparison of xylazine and medotomidine as premedicants for cats being anaesthetised with propofol-sevoflurane

The effects of premedicating cats with saline, xylazine or medetomidine before anaesthetising them with propofol-sevoflurane were compared. Twenty-four cats were randomly assigned to three groups of eight to receive either 0.25 ml of saline, 0.50 mg/kg of xylazine or 0.02 mg/kg of medetomidine intravenously, and anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane. Medetomidine produced a greater reduction in the induction dose of propofol and fewer adverse postoperative effects than saline or xylazine. Hypoxaemia was observed after induction with propofol in the cats premedicated with saline and xylazine, but not in the cats given medetomidine. The cats treated with medetomidine and xylazine developed profound bradycardia. The blood pressure of the cats premedicated with saline and xylazine decreased, but the blood pressure of the cats premedicated with medetomidine was maintained. The cats premedicated with saline took longer to recover from anaesthesia than the other two groups.

Efeito sinérgico entre a dexmedetomidina e a ropivacaína 0,75% na anestesia peridural

BACKGROUND. This study aimed to evaluate clinical characteristics of epidural anesthesia performed with 0.75% ropivacaine associated with dexmedetomidine. METHODS. Forty patients scheduled for hernia repair or varicose vein surgeries under epidural anesthesia participated in this study. They were assigned to: Control Group (n = 20), 0.75% ropivacaine, 20 ml (150 mg); and Dexmedetomidine Group (n = 20), 0.75% ropivacaine, 20 ml (150 mg), plus dexmedetomidine, 1 μg.kg -1. The following variables were studied: total analgesic block onset time, upper level of analgesia, analgesic and motor block duration time, intensity of motor block, state of consciousness, hemodynamics, postoperative analgesia and incidence of side-effects. RESULTS. Epidural dexmedetomidine did not affect onset time or upper level of anesthesia (p > 0.05) however it prolonged sensory and motor block duration time (p < 0.05) and postoperative analgesia (p < 0.05), and also resulted in a more intense motor block, 1 (p < 0.05). Values of bispectral index were lower in Dexmedetomidine Group (p < 0.05). There was no difference in incidence of hypotension and bradycardia (p > 0.05). Occurrence of side-effects (shivering, vomiting and SpO 2 < 90%) was low and similar between groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION. There is clear synergism between epidural dexmedetomidine and ropivacaine, further this drug association does not bring about additional morbidity.

Adjuvant therapy with GnRH agonists/tamoxifen in breast cancer should be a good council for patients with hormone receptor-positive tumours and wish to preserve fertility

Infertility represents one of the main long-term consequences of combination chemotherapy used for the treatment of breast cancer. Approximately 60%-65% of breast cancers express the nuclear hormone receptor in premenopausal women. Adjuvant endocrine therapy is an integral component of care for patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) tumours. The GnRH agonist (GnRHa) alone or in combination with tamoxifen produces results at least similar to those obtained with the different chemotherapy protocols in patients with HR+ tumors with respect to recurrence-free survival and overall survival, Presentation of the hypothesis: It is time to indicate adjuvant therapy with GnRHa associated with tamoxifen for patients with breast cancer (HR+ tumours) if they want to preserve their reproductive function. Testing the hypothesis: Assessment of ovarian reserve tests: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), inhibin B, antral follicle count (AFC) and ovarian volume 6 months, and 1 year after the end of therapy with GnRHa/tamoxifen. The recurrence-free survival and overall survival should be analysed. Implications of the hypothesis: The major implication will be to avoid adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with breast cancer (HR+ tumours) that request fertility preservation. It is expected that ovarian function should not be altered in almost all cases. © Todos os direitos reservados a SBRA - Sociedade Brasileira de Reprodução Assistida.

VEGF-C expression in oral cancer by neurotransmitter-induced activation of beta-adrenergic receptors

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor type C (VEGF-C) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines through norepinephrine-induced activation of beta-adrenergic receptors. Human OSCC cell lines (SCC-9 and SCC-25) expressing beta-adrenergic receptors were stimulated with different concentrations of norepinephrine (0.1, 1, and 10 μM) and 1 μM of propranolol, and analyzed after 1, 6, and 24 h. VEGF-C gene expression and VEGF-C production in the cell supernatant were evaluated by real-time PCR and by ELISA, respectively. The results showed that beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation by different concentrations of norepinephrine or blocking by propranolol did not markedly alter VEGF-C expression by SCC-9 and SCC-25 cells. VEGF-C protein levels produced by oral malignant cell lines after stimulation with different norepinephrine concentrations or blocking with propranolol was statistically similar (p > 0.05) to those of the control group (nonstimulated OSCC cell lines). Our findings suggest that stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors by means of norepinephrine does not seem to modulate the VEGF-C expression in OSCC cell lines. These findings reinforce the need for further studies in order to understand the responsiveness of oral cancer to beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation or blockage, especially with regard to VEGF-C production. © 2012 International Society of Oncology and BioMarkers (ISOBM).

Differential phosphorylation, desensitization, and internalization of α1A-adrenoceptors activated by norepinephrine and oxymetazoline

Loss of response on repetitive drug exposure (i.e., tachyphylaxis) is a particular problem for the vasoconstrictor effects of medications containing oxymetazoline (OXY), an α1-adrenoceptor (AR) agonist of the imidazoline class. One cause of tachyphylaxis is receptor desensitization, usually accompanied by phosphorylation and internalization. It is well established that a1A-ARs are less phosphorylated, desensitized, and internalized on exposure to the phenethylamines norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine, or phenylephrine (PE) than are the a1B and a1D subtypes. However, here we show in human embryonic kidney-293 cells that the low-efficacy agonist OXY induces G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2-dependent a1A-AR phosphorylation, followed by rapid desensitization and internalization (∼40% internalization after 5 minutes of stimulation), whereas phosphorylation of α1A-ARs exposed to NE depends to a large extent on protein kinase C activity and is not followed by desensitization, and the receptors undergo delayed internalization (∼35% after 60 minutes of stimulation). Native α1A-ARs from rat tail artery and vas deferens are also desensitized by OXY, but not by NE or PE, indicating that thisproperty of OXY is not limited to recombinant receptors expressed in cell systems. The results of the present study are clearly indicative of agonist-directed a1A-AR regulation. OXY shows functional selectivity relative to NE and PE at a1A-ARs, leading to significant receptor desensitization and internalization, which is important in view of the therapeutic vasoconstrictor effects of this drug and the varied biologic process regulated by α1A-ARs. Copyright © 2013 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

Efeito do pré-tratamento com amitraz sobre a febre induzida por lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) de E. coli ou interleucina-1beta (IL-1beta), em coelhos

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Efeitos da administração peridural de neostigmina associada ou não a clonidina sobre a concentração alveolar mínima do isoflurano em cães

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos da dexmedetomidina sobre o aparelho cardiovascular e a concentração plasmática da vasopressina em cães submeidos à isquemia e reperfusão renais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estresse Isolado ou Associado ao Etanol Libera Prostanóides em Aorta de Ratos via ?2-Adrenoceptores

Fundamento: Estresse e etanol são ambos, independentemente, importantes fatores de risco cardiovascular. Objetivo: avaliar o risco cardiovascular do consumo de etanol e exposição ao estresse, isolados e em associação, em ratos machos adultos. Métodos: Os ratos foram separados em quatro grupos: controle, etanol (20% na água de beber durante seis semanas), estresse (imobilização 1h dia/5 dias por semana/ 6 semanas) e estresse/etanol. As curvas de concentração-resposta à noradrenalina - na ausência e na presença de ioimbina, L-NAME ou indometacina - ou fenilefrina foram determinadas em aortas torácicas com e sem endotélio. EC50 e resposta máxima (n = 8-12) foram comparadas através de ANOVA de dois fatores (two-way) / método de Bonferroni. Resultados: Estresse ou estresse em associação com o consumo de etanol aumentaram as respostas máximas de noradrenalina em aortas intactas. Essa hiper-reatividade foi eliminada pela remoção do endotélio, ou pela presença da indometacina ou ioimbina, mas não foi alterada pela presença de L-NAME. Enquanto isso, o consumo de etanol não alterou a reatividade à noradrenalina. As respostas da fenilefrina em aortas com e sem endotélio também permaneceram inalteradas independentemente do protocolo. Conclusão: O estresse crônico aumentou as respostas aórticas dos ratos à noradrenalina. Esse efeito é dependente do endotélio vascular e envolve a liberação de prostanóides vasoconstritores através da estimulação de α-2 adrenoceptores endoteliais. Além disso, o consumo crônico de etanol pareceu não influenciar as respostas de noradrenalina em aorta de rato, nem modificar o aumento de tais respostas observadas em consequência da exposição ao estresse.

Effects of catecholamines on volemic replacement with saline solution and the impact on heart rate variability in rabbits subjected to hemorrhage. A study by spectral analysis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Gabaergic and opioid receptors mediate the facilitation of NaCl intake induced by α₂-adrenergic activation in the lateral parabrachial nucleus

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Gabaergic and opioid receptors mediate the facilitation of NaCl intake induced by alpha(2)-adrenergic activation in the lateral parabrachial nucleus

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Polymorphisms in Oxytocin and alpha(1a) Adrenergic Receptor Genes and Their Effects on Production Traits in Dairy Buffaloes

The use of molecular markers may auxiliary the buffalo breeding. The oxytocin (OXT) and the adrenergic receptor alpha(1A) (ADRA1A) may be involved in milk ejection in ruminants. The aim of this study was to verify the existence of polymorphisms in the OXT and ADRA1A genes and their associations with milk production traits. A total of 220 buffaloes were genotyped using PCR-RFLP for both genes. The SNP identified in the ADRA1A gene was associated with protein percentage in dairy buffaloes. This is the first report of such association in the literature, which has not been studied in other species.