489 resultados para Yunnan.
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采用样方方法对栖息于云南省哀牢山平河(E 101°17′16.1″,N 24°20′09.5″,海拔2 600 m)的黑长臂猿(Nomascus concolor)栖息地乔木层结构进行了调查.调查中共记录到乔木57种隶属于23科37属;木质藤本植物9种隶属于6科8属.优势科主要为杜鹃花科(Ericaceae)、木兰科(Magnoliaceae)、山茶科(Theaceae)和壳斗科(Fagaceae)植物.主要树种重要值排序表明,露珠杜鹃(Rhododendron irroratum)为该地区最主要的优势种,在各坡位中均有广泛分布.乔木的多样性指数、均匀度指数在沟底明显降低,而乔木1层和2层所占的比例以及木质藤本的平均多度均随着坡位的下降而升高.与其他地区的长臂猿相比,哀牢山黑长臂猿的活动程度较低(10-22 m),果实性食物种类较少.
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无量山是黑长臂猿景东亚种的唯一分布区,现栖息着98群500余只黑长臂猿。长臂猿是典型的树栖性灵长类动物,通过对无量山西坡大寨子地区250个样方的调查,分析了随海拔梯度升高,黑长臂猿栖息地植被乔木层物种多样性和结构的变化情况。共记录乔木111种,隶属于33科;木质藤本23种,隶属于18科。其中优势科主要有樟科(Lauraceae)、木兰科(Magnoliaceae)、壳斗科(Fagaceae)、山茶科(Theaceae)和杜鹃花科(Ericaceae)。根据不同海拔乔木层物种组成的差异,该区可划分为半湿润常绿阔叶林(2100~2300m)和中山湿性常绿阔叶林(2400~2600m)两种植被类型。多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener指数)随海拔升高在两种植被类型中均呈下降趋势;均匀度指数(Pielou指数)在半湿润常绿阔叶林中呈下降趋势,在中山湿性常绿阔叶林中无明显变化。半湿润常绿阔叶林中,阳坡的乔木物种多样性低于阴坡;而阳坡物种多样性在两种植被类型间差异显著。随着海拔的升高,乔木层的平均高度和上层乔木(Ⅰ层)的比例均逐渐降低,但下层乔木却呈上升趋势。6种优势乔木树种的种群年龄结构分析表明,该区植被的乔木层呈...
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:"))) 年( * ’ 月对云南省思茅菜阳河省级自然保护区两栖爬行动物多样性进行了调查。调查结果表明:菜 阳河自然保护区共有两栖爬行动物+, 种。其中,两栖类#, 种,隶属于" 目’ 科!+ 属;爬行类() 种,隶属于# 目!- 科$! 属。属于国家!级重点保护的种类有" 种;"级重点保护的种类有( 种;云南省省级保护动物# 种; 列入云南省“三有”动物的!) 种。结合调查结果,对菜阳河自然保护区提出了进行功能区划,分区管理,以及 严格管理农药的使用等两方面的建议。
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Fea's tree rat (Chiromyscus chiropus) is a very rare species which there are only a few specimens in the world. The chromosomes of two male specimens, collected from Xishuanbanna, Yunnan, are analysed by several banding technique (G-, C-bands, as well as Ag-staining). The diploid chromosome number is 22, and autosomes comprise 5 pairs of metacentrics, 2 pairs of subacrocentrics, and 3 pairs of acrocentrics. The X chromosome is a acrocentric, and Y is a micro-chromosome, almost a point, which could be a marker chromosome of the species and the genus. The centromeric C-bands are very faint, and C-bands of Nos. 1, 2, 9 and Y chromosome are negative. Only one pair Ag-NORs was found on No. 10 in the silver-stained karyotype. The relationship between morphologic and chromosomal features was discussed, and C-banded karyotype evolutionary trend has also been discussed. Moreover, the conventional karyotype of Niviventer confucianus was described.
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Phylogenetic relationships among 15 species of wood mice (genus Apodemus) were reconstructed to explore some long-standing taxonomic problems. The results provided support for the monophyly of the genus Apodemus, but could not reject the hypothesis of paraphyly for this genus. Our data divided the 15 species into four major groups: (1) the Sylvaemus group (A. sylvaticus, A. flavicollis, A. alpicola, and A. uralensis), (2) the Apodemus group (A. peninsulae, A. chevreri, A. agrarius, A. speciosus, A. draco, A. ilex, A. semotus, A. latronum, and A. mystacinus), (3) A. argenteus, and (4) A. gurkha. Our results also suggested that orestes should be a valid subspecies of A. draco rather than an independent species; in contrast, A. ilex from Yunnan may be regarded as a separate species rather than a synonym of orestes or draco. The species level status of A. latronum, tscherga as synonyms of A. uralensis, and A. chevrieri as a valid species and the closest sibling species of A. agrarius were further corroborated by our data. Applying a molecular clock with the divergences of Mus and Rattus set at 12 million years ago (Mya) as a calibration point, it was estimated that five old lineages (A. mystacinus and four major groups above) diverged in the late Miocene (7.82-12.74 Mya). Then the Apodemus group (excluding A. mystacinus) split into two subgroups: agrarius and draco, at about 7.17-9.95 Mya. Four species of the Sylvaemus group were estimated to diverge at about 2.92-5.21 Mya. The Hengduan Mountains Region was hypothesized to have played important roles in Apodemus evolutionary histories since the Pleistocene. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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A new species of Amolops is described from a mountainous area of southern Yunnan Province, China. The species is unique in having a dark purple dorsum with small light yellow spots. The spots are smaller than the smallest finger disk. Other characters tha
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Geographic variation of Chevrier's field mouse (Apodemus chevrieri) (Milne-Edwards, 1868) (Muridae: Murinae) from southwestern China based on cranial morphometric variables. Zoological Studies 47(4): 393-401. A sample of 134 specimens of Apodemus chevrieri was investigated in the present study. Individuals were divided into male and female groups, and these were respectively subjected to multivariate analysis. Results indicated that 3 geographic populations of A. chevrieri inhabit southwestern China: a Sichuan population in western Sichuan Province; a northwestern Yunnan population ranging from northwestern Yunnan Province eastward to southern Sichuan Province; and a central Yunnan population in central Yunnan Province. In addition, a coefficient of difference analysis was performed among these 3 geographic populations. The results suggested that these 3 geographical populations of A. chevrieri belonged to 2 subspecies. Furthermore, we discuss the relationships of the subspecific differentiation of A. chevneri with changes in latitude in southwestern China.
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The Nangunhe Nature Reserve in Southwest Yunnan (PRC) has long been presumed to be the last stronghold of lar (or white-handed) gibbons (Hylobates lar) in China and the likely last place of occurrence of Hylobates lar yunnanensis. We conducted a comprehen
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鱇鱼良白鱼(Anabarilius grahami)、大头鲤(Cyprinus pellegrini)均隶 属于鲤形目(Cypriniformes)鲤科(Cyprinidae),是中国特有鱼类之一,仅在 云南省分布,是抚仙湖和星云湖各自的主要经济鱼类。 本研究首先基于线粒体控制区全序列来研究我国抚仙湖鱇鱼良白鱼自然种群 及人工驯养种群的遗传多样性,发现鱇鱼良白鱼人工驯养种群遗传多样性较高,种 群复壮程度良好;自然种群遗传多样性匮乏,可能种群经历过“建群者效应”和 “瓶颈效应”;并且各自然地理居群具有广泛的基因交流,不存在遗传分化,建 议应被当成一个管理单元进行整体保护;同时,对照其他已报道的鱼类控制区结 构,对鱇鱼良白鱼控制区结构进行了分析,识别了其终止序列区、中央保守区和保 守序列区,找到了终止相关的序列TAS 以及保守序列(CSB-F、CSB-D、CSB-1、 CSB-2、CSB-3)。 其次,采用主成分分析方法对大头鲤及与其相关的三个鲤鱼类群——杞麓鲤 (Cyprinus chilia)、华南鲤(Cyprinus rubrofuscus)及柏元鲤(Cyprinus carpio var. yuankiang×Cyprinus pellegrini)进行了可量性状分析,了解了 不同类群的外部差异;依据主成分分析结果,运用逐步判别方法从37 个可量性 状中筛选出能有效鉴定大头鲤的10 项形态指标:头长、吻长、吻宽、眼间距、 尾柄高、头背部末端到腹鳍起点距离、背鳍起点到腹鳍起点距离、背鳍起点到臀 鳍起点距离、背鳍末端到尾鳍背部起点距离、尾鳍背部起点到臀鳍起点距离,这 些形态指标可以简单易行的从不同鲤鱼群体中筛选出大头鲤个体;同时通过60 年代、80 年代及2007 年大头鲤的对比,发现大头鲤的外部形态已经发生了很大 变化总体趋势是头部更加宽大,身体更加延长。 最后,利用线粒体控制区序列,并结合Genbank 上的已发布的鲤鱼线粒体控 制区序列,对从星云湖采集的62 尾个体进行了分子系统学研究。结果显示:星 云湖土著鲤鱼已经被大规模非土著鲤鱼入侵,大头鲤仅以杂交品系存在,星云湖 土著鲤鱼面临严重危机,迫切需要进行有效保护。
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2006年10月2007年5月,在云南省西北部纳帕海,采用路线调查结合瞬时扫描行为取样法,对越冬黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)种群的时间分配及其与年龄、集群和时间的关系进行了观察.结果说明,黑颈鹤越冬活动主要足以觅食为主,占日间时间的(76.81±9.1)%.越冬期间黑颈鹤日间行为的节律性较为明显,具有适应高寒气候的特点.集群形式对成鹤的行为有着显著影响,集群和家庭中活动的成鹤红觅食、警戒和争斗中存在显著差异(F1.76=0.27、0.77,U=2779,P=0.001-0.000).年龄是影响鹤群行为的因素之一.幼鹤相比成鹤有较多的觅食时间和休息时间,警戒行为比例较低(F1.76=0.04-2.59,U=188-2779,P=0.006-0.000),且小受集群形式的影响.随着越冬期间的早、中、晚3个时期的环境变化,黑颁鹤的时间分配有显著变化(F2.36=4.63-26.54,x22=5.29-13.68,P=0.0016-0.000).不同越冬地的黑颈鹤行为存在差异.气候、食物资源和人为影响可能是造成这些差异的主要因素.
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运用多变量形态度量学和框架结构形态学的方法,测量了采自滇池流域6个不同地点的149尾滇池金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus grahami)的标本.应用多变量形态度量学分析,选择了20个框架结构性状和19个常规性状,进行主成成分分析.主成成分分析结果的散布图显示,6个不同地点的标本聚在一起没有分开,表明滇池金线鲃的各居群之间在可数性状和可量性状上均未表现出明显的差异,说明滇池金线鲃在形态上还未发生明显的种下分化.
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2007-09-05-2007-11-05和2008-09-03-2008-11-07期间,在云南省新平县哀牢山金山丫口(23°57′N,101°30′E)对影响秋季夜间网捕鸟类组成因素进行了调查.主要利用温湿度表和定性观察对各因素进行判断.其研究结果表明,地理特点是影响夜间刚捕鸟类种类的主要因素:气象条件是影响夜间网捕鸟类种类和数量的重要因素.气象条件中的风向、风力、雾以及月相周期对夜间网捕鸟类数量和种类的影响极其显著(P<0.01).风向的影响比风力大,其中,在西南风大雾新月或者存西南风大雾残月期间,夜间网捕鸟类数量和种类最多:光也是夜间网捕鸟类的必要条件.然而,温湿度对夜间网捕鸟类数量和种类影响不显著.
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2007-09-05-2007-11-05和2008-09-03-2008-11-07期间,在云南省新平县哀牢山金山丫口用灯光诱捕对秋季夜间迁徙鸟类组成进行了调查.共捕获鸟类129种,7943只,分属于14日23科.雀形目鸟类为网捕主要鸟类,占总网捕数量的58.9%.其中红尾伯劳(Lanius cristatus)、小杜鹃(Cuculus poliocephalus)和红喉歌鸲(Luscinia calliope)3种是该地夜间网捕优势种鸟类,三者数量皆超过网捕岛类总数的5%.每天夜间20:00-22:00和次日凌晨04:00-4)6:00是捕获鸟类数最的高峰时段.网捕期间,早期Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数最低,优势指数C最高;中期Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数最高,优势度指数C最低.2008与2007年相比,优势指数C和G-F指数较低.但Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数较高.云南省不同"打雀山"仪问捕获鸟类的种类和数量存在差异.地理和气候可能是造成这些差异的主要因素.
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记述了采自云南省沾益县德泽乡牛栏江水域的平鳍鳅科爬岩鳅属鱼类1新种,牛栏爬岩鳅 Beaufortia niulanensis Chen,Huang et Yang,sp.nov..其特征:背鳍分支鳍条7,腹鳍分支鳍条21,侧线鳞90~95,胸鳍起点相对于鼻孔和眼前缘之间,背鳍起点相对于腹鳍起点至其基部后缘的中点稍后,肛门位于腹鳍基后缘至臀鳍起点间的中点,腹鳍末端接近肛门,这些特征组合可以将新种与同属的其他2个相近种,即四川爬岩鳅B.szechuanensis(Fang)和中间爬岩鳅B.intermedia Tang et Wang区别开来.
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下载PDF阅读器分别于2008年1月和5-6月对位于中国西南边陲的中缅界河--南拉河进行了鱼类资源调查.从野外调查结果及文献资料得知,南拉河共有鱼类42种,隶属4目14科34属.鲤形目的鱼类最多,共有27种,占总种数的64.3%;鲇形目和鲈形目均为6种,占总种数的14.3%;合鳃鱼目2种,占总种数的4.8%.其中,丝尾(鱼蒦)(Hemibagrus wyckioides)被列入<中国物种红色名录>.疑似分布种类--长丝(鱼芒)(Pangasius sanitwangsei)被列入<中国濒危动物红皮节>和<中国物种红色名录>.南拉河鱼类区系是以喜温的"老第三纪类群"中的热带河平原鱼类为主要成分的,为典型的东南亚热带鱼类区系类型;以底栖鱼类和杂食性鱼类居多.导致南拉河鱼类现状的原因主要为水质污染、过度捕捞、外来种的影响.