Ecological niche modeling and geographical distribution of pollinator and plants: A case study of Peponapis fervens (Smith, 1879) (Eucerini: Apidae) and Cucurbita species (Cucurbitaceae)

The bees of the Peponapes genus (Eucerini, Apidae) have a Neotropical distribution with the center of species diversity located in Mexico and are specialized in Cucurbita plants. which have many species of economic importance. such as squashes and pumpkins Peponapis fervens is the only species of the genus known from southern South America The Cucurbita species occurring in the same area as P fervens Include four domesticated species (C ficifolia, C maxima maxima, C moschata and C pepo) and one non-domesticated species (Cucurbita maxima andreana) It was suggested that C. in andreana was the original pollen source to P fervens, and this bee expanded its geographical range due to the domestication of Cucurbita The potential geographical areas of these species were determined and compared using ecological niche modeling that was performed with the computational system openModeller and GARP with best subsets algorithm The climatic variables obtained through modeling were compared using Cluster Analysis Results show that the potential areas of domesticated species practically spread all over South America The potential area of P fervens Includes the areas of C m andreana but reaches a larger area, where the domesticated species of Cucurbita also Occur The Cluster Analysis shows a high climatic similarity between P fervens and C. m. andreana Nevertheless. P fervens presents the ability to occupy areas with wider ranges of climatic variables and to exploit resources provided by domesticated species (C) 2009 Elsevier B V All rights reserved

Biologia termal das tartarugas Trachemys dorbigni (Duméril & Bibron, 1835) e Trachemys scripta elegans (Wied, 1839) dos lagos de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Testudines, Emydidae)

Nos lagos artificiais dos parques de Porto Alegre, pode-se observar um número muito grande de tartarugas, tanto a nativa Trachemys dorbigni quanto a norte-americana Trachemys scripta elegans estando abundantemente presentes nos mesmos. Este trabalho realizou-se nos lagos do Parque Moinhos de Vento e Jardim Botânico com o objetivo de se obter dados a respeito do comportamento de assoalhamento, interações agressivas realizadas durante esta atividade e biologia termal desses quelônios. Nessas coletas, os exemplares foram marcados, suas temperaturas cloacais registradas e dados morfométricos foram medidos. Realizou-se amostragens no período de setembro de 2003 a outubro de 2004, com coletas de dados para comportamento de assoalhamento e biologia termal ocorrendo quinzenalmente em ambos lagos. As amostragens a respeito das interações agressivas ocorreram durante quatro dias por estação do ano somente no Parque Moinhos de Vento. O padrão de comportamento de assoalhamento encontrado para ambas as espécies foi basicamente do tipo unimodal simétrico para os dois locais de coleta, sendo T. scripta elegans a espécie que ocupou previamente os locais disponíveis para esta atividade. As temperaturas corpóreas de ambas espécies coletadas dentro d’água, foram altamente relacionadas com a temperatura da água, enquanto indivíduos coletados em assoalhamento, apresentaram temperaturas cloacais mais relacionadas com as temperaturas do substrato que estava sendo utilizado, do que com as temperaturas do ar. Foi obtida uma taxa de 2,3 interações agressivas por hora observada, considerando-se esta atividade como bastante freqüente entre as espécies observadas. T. scripta elegans demonstrou-se mais agressiva que T. dorbigni causando, assim, uma interferência no comportamento de assoalhamento da mesma, e apresentando um perfil muito semelhante às características termorregulatórias que possui em seu hábitat natural.

Análise da dieta de Trachemys dorbigni (duméril & Bibron, 1835) no sul do Rio Grande do Sul (Testudines : Emydidae)

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A sonoridade do violão na execução musical : um estudo sobre os seus aspectos formadores e análise de duas gravações das Quatro Peças Breves de Frank Martin

A sonoridade é um aspecto importante para a execução violonística. Esse trabalho tem por objetivo estudar a sonoridade com um elemento da execução musical, entender os seus aspectos formadores dentro do âmbito técnico, textual e perceptivo, utilizando-se como exemplo duas gravações das Quatro Peças Breves de Frank Martin. Os resultado são discutidos à luz do embasamento teórico, fazendo-se considerações a respeito das possibilidades de execução musical e como a sonoridade do violão atua nesse contexto.

Assessing Dodd Frank Effects on banking capital structure and Banker´s Pay structure

The systemic financial crisis that started in 2008 in the United States had some severe effects in the economic activity and required the bailout of financial institutions with the use of taxpayer’s money. It also originated claims for stronger regulatory framework in order to avoid another threat in the financial market. The Dodd Frank Act was proposed and approved in the United States in the aftermath of the crisis and brought, among many other features, the creation of the Financial Stability Oversight Council and the tougher inspection of financial institutions with asset above 50 billion dollars. The objective of this work is to study the causal effect of the Dodd Frank Act on the behavior of the treatment group subject to monitoring by the Financial Stability Oversight Council (financial institutions with assets above 50 billion dollars) regarding capital and compensation structure in comparison to the group that was not treated. We use data from Compustat and our empirical strategy is the Regression Discontinuity Design, not usually applied to the banking literature, but very useful for the present work since it allows us to compare the treatment group and the non-treatment group in the year of the enactment of the law (2010). No change of behavior was observed for the Capital Structure. In the Compensation Schemes, however, a decrease was found in the item other compensation for CEOs and CFOs. We also performed a robustness check by running a placebo test on the variables in the year before the law was enacted. No significance was found, which supports the conclusion that our main results were caused by the enactment of the DFA.

Dodd Frank act and the Brazilian capital market: extraterritorial effects of regulation to the over-the-counter derivatives market

This paper aims to describe the chief alterations proposed by the Dodd Frank Act to the American over-the-counter derivatives market and, at the same time, understand the extraterritorial reach of this law compared to the regulatory framework of the Brazilian derivative market. In order to do so, I will study the extraterritorial effects of the law, particularly in reference to the international nature of Title II of the Dodd Frank, which deals with the over-the-counter derivatives, in order to evaluate its reach to foreign markets, especially the Brazilian market.