Estudo sobre aproveitamento de resíduos sólidos dispostos em aterros sanitários visando seu aproveitamento energético

Equacionar a problemática do aumento da geração de resíduos sólidos é tarefa complexa, que envolve entre outras, questões de ordem ambiental, de saúde pública e econômica. Quando se trata de disposição final de resíduos sólidos, o aterro sanitário é a única técnica utilizada ambientalmente correta, porém ainda são poucas as cidades que a emprega. Espera-se que nos próximos anos, aumente o número de municípios com aterro sanitário e deste modo, surge um outro problema de cunho ambiental, e em nível mais global, que se refere aos gases liberados pelos aterros sanitários, durante a decomposição anaeróbia da parte orgânica dos resíduos. Estão entre estes gases, o dióxido de carbono e o metano, que contribuem para o efeito estufa. Se por um lado o metano é prejudicial, quando se trata de efeito estufa, por outro lado, pode ser utilizado para fins energéticos como fonte de energia renovável e justamente substituindo os combustíveis fósseis, que representam a maior fonte dos chamados gases de efeito estufa. O presente trabalho, tem como objetivo inicial, levantar as alternativas para o uso de gases de aterro sanitário como fonte de energia, em um segundo momento do trabalho, relacionar as fases da digestão anaeróbia com a produção de metano, através da análise de amostras coletadas em diferentes pontos e profundidades do aterro do município de Piracicaba/SP.

Review of Desalination and Concentrate Management Issues for Increasing Drinking Water Supplies

Water quantity and quality issues worldwide are causing nations to consider alternate sources for drinking water. Desalination and other membrane processes for treatment of seawater and brackish inland waters have been in use for the past quarter century and are growing in use worldwide. These treatment processes create a highly concentrated waste stream in which the principal constituents are dissolved solids. This report provides an overview of desalination methods and the methods available to dispose of this waste stream. Innovative technologies being studied for possible future use are also discussed.

Biogas from MSW landfill: Composition and determination of chlorine content with the AOX (adsorbable organically bound halogens) technique

An exhaustive characterization of the biogas from some waste disposal facilities has been carried out. The analysis includes the main components (methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen) as well as trace components such as hydrogen sulphide, ammonia and VOCs (volatile organic compounds) including siloxanes and halogenated compounds. VOCs were measured by GC/MS (Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry) using two different procedures: thermal desorption of the Tenax TA and Carbotrap 349 tubes and SPME (Solid Phase Micro-Extraction). A method has been established to measure the total halogen content of the biogas with the AOX (adsorbable organically bound halogens) technique. The equipment used to analyze the samples was a Total Organic Halogen Analyzer (TOX-100). Similar results were obtained when comparing the TOX (Total Organic Halogen) values with those obtained by GC/MS. The halogen content in all the samples was under 22 mg Cl/Nm3 which is below the limit of 150 mg/Nm3 proposed in the Spanish Regulations for any use of the biogas. The low chlorine content in the biogas studied, as well as the low content of other trace compounds, makes it suitable for use as a fuel for electricity generating engines.

Natural Pectin Polysaccharides as Edible Coatings

The most fashionable trends in food packaging research are targeted towards improvements in food quality and safety by increasing the use of environmentally-friendly materials, ideally those able to be obtained from bio-based resources and presenting biodegradable characteristics. Edible films represent a key area of development in new multifunctional materials by their character and properties to effectively protect food with no waste production. The use of edible films should be considered as a clean and elegant solution to problems related with waste disposal in packaging materials. In particular, pectin has been reported as one of the main raw materials to obtain edible films by its natural abundance, low cost and renewable character. The latest innovations in food packaging by the use of pectin-based edible films are reviewed in this paper, with special focus on the use of pectin as base material for edible coatings. The structure, properties related to the intended use in food packaging and main applications of pectins are herein reported.

Transport and fate of contaminants in the subsurface.

Mode of access: Internet.

Closing open dumps /

Mode of access: Internet.

Ogden circulating bed combustor at the McColl Superfund Site. /

Mode of access: Internet.

Chemfix Technologies, Inc. solidification/stabilization process : applications analysis report.

Mode of access: Internet.

Safety evaluation of renovated wastewater from a poultry processing plant /

"Grant nos. R804286 & S803325."

National priorities list : 786 current and proposed sites in order of ranking and by state, October 1984.

Mode of access: Internet.

Sourcebook on transit-related environmental regulations: requirements affecting the acquisition and maintenance of transit vehicles and facilities. Final report.

Federal Transit Administration, Washington, D.C.

Consumer behavior towards fuel efficient vehicles. Volume IV: operating instructions and programs documentation for the CS Vehicle Choice Simulation Model. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Technology Assessment Division, Washington, D.C.

The demand for light duty trucks: the Wharton EFA Motor Vehicle Demand Model (Mark II). Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.

Hearing on H.R. 2504 [microform] : to withdraw certain public lands in Eddy County, New Mexico : before the Procurement and Military Nuclear Systems Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, hearing held September 8, 1988.

At head of title: H.A.S.C. no. 100-85.

An analysis of the automobile market: modeling of the long-run determinants of the demand for automobiles. Volume III: appendices to the Wharton E.F.A. Automobile Demand Model. Final report.

Transportation Department, Washington, D.C.