Otimização da Gestão de Laboratórios LOPP com Vista à Acreditação

Atualmente os consumidores exigem garantias da qualidade dos produtos e serviços, o que leva as organizações a orientar os seus esforços para a satisfação dos seus clientes, ao mesmo tempo a garantia da qualidade tornou-se numa tarefa complexa. Para a satisfação das necessidades, expectativas e exigências dos clientes de laboratórios é necessário a implementação da norma de gestão da qualidade dos laboratórios, a ISO/IEC 17025, para posterior acreditação, evidenciando deste modo a garantia da qualidade dos resultados que produzem através da demostração da competência técnica. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o atual cumprimento dos requisitos de gestão e técnicos da norma ISO/IEC 17025 por parte do LOPP e identificar as áreas onde não cumpre estes requisitos e que carecem de melhorias, de modo a otimizar o sistema de gestão da qualidade para tornar adequado e em conformidade com a norma de referência, melhorando as atuais competências de gestão e capacidades analíticas para as análises de produtos da pesca e águas. Após a otimização do sistema da qualidade pretende-se delinear um plano de ações para a solicitação da acreditação de acordo com a norma ISO/IEC 17025 por parte de um organismo de acreditação reconhecido internacionalmente para a acreditação de laboratórios tendo em vista garantir a avaliação de conformidade nas atividades de ensaio. Para além da demostração da competência técnica, o LOPP necessita acreditar as suas análises para apoio à Direção Geral dos Recursos Marinhos de modo a evidenciar o cumprimento dos requisitos de higiene e segurança da União Europeia para exportação de produtos da pesca. Por outo lado pretende-se com este trabalho criar um plano estratégico e de competitividade para o laboratório que permita a sua sustentabilidade financeira e uma boa gestão do seu trabalho no dia-a-dia.

The role of incidental variables of time in mood assessment

Determining what influences mood is important for theories of emotion and research onsubjective well-being. We consider three sets of factors: activities in which people areengaged; individual differences; and incidental variables that capture when mood ismeasured, e.g., time-of-day. These three factors were investigated simultaneously in a studyinvolving 168 part-time students who each responded 30 times in an experience samplingstudy conducted over 10 working days. Respondents assessed mood on a simple bipolarscale from 1 (very negative) to 10 (very positive). Activities had significant effects but,with the possible exception of variability in the expression of mood, no systematicindividual differences were detected. Diurnal effects, similar to those already reported inthe literature, were found as was an overall Friday effect. However, these effects weresmall. Lastly, the weather had little or no influence. We conclude that simple measures ofoverall mood are not greatly affected by incidental variables.

Perceptual mapping of practical ethics along the value chain: A multiple correspondence analysis with industry and cultural indices as supplementary variables

This paper presents findings from a study investigating a firm s ethical practices along the value chain. In so doing we attempt to better understand potential relationships between a firm s ethical stance with its customers and those of its suppliers within a supply chain and identify particular sectoral and cultural influences that might impinge on this. Drawing upon a database comprising of 667 industrial firms from 27 different countries, we found that ethical practices begin with the firm s relationship with its customers, the characteristics of which then influence the ethical stance with the firm s suppliers within the supply chain. Importantly, market structure along with some key cultural characteristics were also found to exert significant influence on the implementation of ethical policies in these firms.

Comparison of potential adjustment variables representing primary intellectual level in epidemiological studies on neurotoxicity

BACKGROUND: Primary intellectual abilities (PIA) are a confounder in epidemiological studies on neurotoxicity. A good measure of this confounder should be independent of age as PIA is an intrinsic ability. Furthermore, as PIA is related to health endpoints, any measure of PIA should reveal this association. This study is aimed at comparing vocabulary test, diploma and age at end of schooling properties as measures of PIA in a non-exposed population of workers. METHODS: The design was a cross-sectional study of 413 non-exposed workers (203 women and 210 men) selected from a health check-up center. The effect of age on the vocabulary score was assessed using an analysis of covariance adjusted for diploma. Relationships between neuropsychological performances and vocabulary score, diploma and end of schooling age were, respectively, assessed using multiple linear regressions adjusted for age and gender. RESULTS: Vocabulary score increased significantly with age, both for men and women. The increase was 0.14 word per year for women, and 0.18 word per year for men. The explained variance of the models evaluating the relationships between age at end of schooling, diploma, vocabulary test, and neuropsychological performances was quite similar for the three measures of PIA. CONCLUSIONS: Vocabulary score was found to be age-related, even after adjustment for diploma. No difference was found between these three variables in terms of their relationship to neuropsychological endpoints. Moreover, the literature shows that vocabulary test performances are influenced by exposure to neurotoxic agents. These results suggest that vocabulary score could be of interest for participants of similar ages and similar diplomas. Otherwise, the other two variables would be better PIA measures in neurotoxicology studies.

Ignoring information in binary choice with continuous variables: When is less 'more'?

When can a single variable be more accurate in binary choice than multiple sources of information? We derive analytically the probability that a single variable (SV) will correctly predict one of two choices when both criterion and predictor are continuous variables. We further provide analogous derivations for multiple regression (MR) and equal weighting (EW) and specify the conditions under which the models differ in expected predictive ability. Key factors include variability in cue validities, intercorrelation between predictors, and the ratio of predictors to observations in MR. Theory and simulations are used to illustrate the differential effects of these factors. Results directly address why and when one-reason decision making can be more effective than analyses that use more information. We thus provide analytical backing to intriguing empirical results that, to date, have lacked theoretical justification. There are predictable conditions for which one should expect less to be more.

O Papel do CITI-Habitat no desenvolvimento local e no empoderamento de grupos vulneráveis: Estudo de caso das comunidades de Bela Vista e Tinca Dobe, ilha de Santiago

Em Cabo Verde, ainda existe uma percentagem significativa de pobreza, tendo o índice da pobreza humana (IPH) no país, sido calculado em 15,8%, em 2006, pelo Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Assinala-se igualmente uma fraca capacidade de produção de riquezas e de empregos capazes de garantir melhores condições de vida à maior parte de sua população, (FMI, 2010: 36). Os últimos dados referentes à pobreza no país do QUIBB 2007 (Questionário Unificado de Indicadores Básicos de Bem Estar Social), referem que a incidência da pobreza diminuiu de 36,7% na população residente em 2001, para 26,6% da população em 2007, ou seja, um total de 32.000 pessoas deixaram de integrar o nível considerado de pobreza neste intervalo. De acordo com os mesmos dados, o concelho da Praia possui uma incidência de pobreza de 11,6% e São Domingos de 37,8%, concelhos esses, onde pertencem as duas comunidades em estudo, (UNICEF, 2011:36). Apesar dos esforços envidados para a melhoria das condições de vida da população e dos ganhos resultantes da implementação de várias políticas sociais e programas de desenvolvimento, constata-se que alguns grupos e categorias sociais continuam a enfrentar um conjunto de situações de precariedade de natureza económica e social que condicionam a sua qualidade de vida. Neste contexto, assinala-se o surgimento de várias ONG´s, como é o caso do CITI-Habitat, que foi criado como forma de dar resposta ao contexto de ajuda ao desenvolvimento das comunidades locais, visando reduzir e prevenir situações de desigualdade e exclusão social ainda existentes, atingindo particularmente os mais vulneráveis. Pretende-se, assim, com este trabalho analisar o papel do Citi Habitat no desenvolvimento local e no empoderamento desses grupos vulneráveis, das duas comunidades em estudo. Para a realização e concretização deste trabalho, utilizou-se a metodologia qualitativa bem como a quantitativa e, para a análise dos inquéritos aplicados aos sujeitos de pesquisa, foi feito o tratamento dos dados no programa informático, SPSS.

Variables geoambientales en el Plan General de Ordenación Urbana de Cassá de la Selva

Se presentan de forma resumida los resultados geoambientales obtenidos en el estudio de un término municipal motivado más por sistemática de planteamiento por parte del responsable del Plan General, que por cuestión concreta planteada sobre este ámbito en aquel término municipal. Así y todo, la información obtenida influye sobre el Plan y pone de manifiesto circunstancias qenerales que sin ser aqudas son persistentes en el tiempo, por razones obvias del ámbito terrestre, al que pertenecen

Impacto de la captura ilegal en la pesquería del recurso ‘loco’ (Concholepas concholepas) en Áreas de Manejo y Explotación de Recursos Bentónicos: el caso de la Isla Mocha

En Chile, el gastrópodo Concholepas concholepas conocido popularmente como ‘loco’, es un importante recurso bentónico de las pesquerías artesanales, con el que el Estado introdujo en la segunda mitad de los 90s un régimen de co-manejo denominado Áreas de Manejo y Explotación de Recursos Bentónicos (AMERB). En él se asignan a pescadores artesanales formalmente organizados, derechos exclusivos de acceso a stocks de recursos bentónicos en áreas marino costeras geográficamente delimitadas, para su explotación y manejo. Actualmente, 758 AMERB decretadas se extienden en 38º latitudinales de la línea costera chilena, con un total de más de 124.000Ha asignadas, y más de 31.000 pescadores artesanales participantes; siendo consideradas por la comunidad académica internacional como uno de los más grandes experimentos de comanejo a escala global. A pesar de los importantes avances logrados con las AMERB, el régimen enfrenta todavía retos y amenazas, entre los que la captura Ilegal y/o No Declarada (captura IND), a pesar de ser considerada especialmente grave por los pescadores usuarios del sistema, es omitida por la administración central, que establece Capturas Totales Permisibles (CTPs) suponiendo niveles de captura IND nulos, lo que conlleva a arriesgar la sustentabilidad tanto económica como biológica del sistema, además de distorsionar y devaluar la información proveniente del sector formal. En la presente Tesis, se evalúa el impacto de la captura ilegal (robos) del recurso ‘loco’ sobre la sustentabilidad biológica y económica de un sistema AMERB en la Isla Mocha. Con tal propósito se realizaron, consultas formales a las principales entidades públicas fiscalizadoras, una evaluación socio-económica extractiva con los usuarios de AMERB de la Isla Mocha, además de la recopilación de data secundaria. En vista de la escasa respuesta obtenida con las consultas formales, basamos el estudio principalmente en la evaluación socio-económica extractiva. Ésta consistió en la aplicación de entrevistas semi-estructuradas, dirigidas a caracterizar al sector extractivo ilegal, a reconstruir una serie histórica de capturas ilegales intra-AMERB de ‘loco’ en Isla Mocha, y a sistematizar las percepciones de los pescadores sobre los factores causales y las propuestas de solución en torno al problema. Adicionalmente, se desarrolló un modelo bioeconómico simple para analizar el impacto de diferentes niveles de captura ilegal (robo) de ‘loco’, sobre la sustentabilidad económica y ecológica de una AMERB particular. El modelo supone un único stock cerrado, cuya abundancia mensual, es afectada positivamente por un reclutamiento. denso-dependiente y negativamente por la captura formal y la captura ilegal; y además incorpora aspectos económicos resultantes de calcular los costos asociados al despliegue del esfuerzo pesquero formal, los ingresos brutos asociados a la venta de las capturas formales, y los consiguientes beneficios netos obtenidos. Se evaluaron los impactos en 48 diferentes escenarios de simulación (combinación de 4 niveles de Robo, 3 Reglas de Cosecha, y 4 Precios en playa de ‘loco’), mediante el análisis de 4 variables anuales además de 4 indicadores descriptivos de las dinámicas bio-pesquera y económica del sistema en un lapso de simulación de 12 años, generándose 100 salidas por año, cuyos estadígrafos se compararon mediante ANOVA y Pruebas de Tukey. Los resultados indican que los factores más explicativos de la varianza de las salidas de simulación para los 4 indicadores propuestos, son el ‘Robo’, la ‘Regla-Cosecha’, seguidos de la interacción ‘Robo-Regla-Cosecha’; mientras que las proyecciones de abundancia a enero, reclutamiento, y capturas anuales formal e ilegal, muestran que el reclutamiento y dinámica poblacional del stock simulado de ‘loco’, serían resilientes en todos los escenarios, excepto en aquellos resultantes de combinar el nivel de ‘Robo Descontrolado’ con cualquier nivel de ‘Regla-Cosecha’, donde la pesquería formal colapsa. En un escenario “idóneo” para los usuarios del AMERB (ausencia de robos, una elevada tasa de cosecha formal, y buen precio del recurso), el indicador económico generaría promedios de hasta $8,8 millones/año por embarcación formal participante, sin afectar la sostenibilidad del stock simulado. En cuanto a las percepciones, los usuarios de AMERB de Isla Mocha consideran más grave y más compleja la problemática asociada a la captura ilegal de ‘loco’ intra-AMERB imputada a foráneos con respecto a aquella imputada a isleños; no obstante, identifican causas comunes a ambas, agrupadas en los componentes ‘distorsiones socioeconómicas’, ‘ineficacia del régimen de manejo pesquero’, ‘debilidades internas a la organización’, y ‘productividad pesquera artesanal reducida’. Dentro de las ‘distorsiones socioeconómicas’, el ítem “necesidad económica” es considerado como el principal incentivo para la captura ilegal de ‘loco’. En el componente ‘ineficacia del régimen manejo pesquero’, para el robo de infractores foráneos se considera como principal ítem causal a una “fiscalización ineficaz de la Armada”; mientras que para el robo de infractores isleños se consideran como principal ítem causal a una “fiscalización interna ineficaz”. Los ítems de solución propuestos para afrontar a los infractores foráneos, expresan que las acciones deben provenir más del lado institucional normativo público, identificando principalmente a la Armada como infractor protagónico de acción. Asimismo, las propuestas para afrontar a los infractores isleños, expresan que la mayor expectativa de solución de los usuarios de AMERB está puesta en mejoras de la sanción y vigilancia de sus propias organizaciones, algunas de ellas apoyadas por la Armada.

Current variables, definitions and endpoints of the European cardiovascular magnetic resonance registry.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is increasingly used in daily clinical practice. However, little is known about its clinical utility such as image quality, safety and impact on patient management. In addition, there is limited information about the potential of CMR to acquire prognostic information. METHODS: The European Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Registry (EuroCMR Registry) will consist of two parts: 1) Multicenter registry with consecutive enrolment of patients scanned in all participating European CMR centres using web based online case record forms. 2) Prospective clinical follow up of patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) every 12 months after enrolment to assess prognostic data. CONCLUSION: The EuroCMR Registry offers an opportunity to provide information about the clinical utility of routine CMR in a large number of cases and a diverse population. Furthermore it has the potential to gather information about the prognostic value of CMR in specific patient populations.

Homeostatic and circadian contribution to EEG and molecular state variables of sleep regulation.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Besides their well-established role in circadian rhythms, our findings that the forebrain expression of the clock-genes Per2 and Dbp increases and decreases, respectively, in relation to time spent awake suggest they also play a role in the homeostatic aspect of sleep regulation. Here, we determined whether time of day modulates the effects of elevated sleep pressure on clock-gene expression. Time of day effects were assessed also for recognized electrophysiological (EEG delta power) and molecular (Homer1a) markers of sleep homeostasis. DESIGN: EEG and qPCR data were obtained for baseline and recovery from 6-h sleep deprivation starting at ZT0, -6, -12, or -18. SETTING: Mouse sleep laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Male mice. INTERVENTIONS: Sleep deprivation. RESULTS: The sleep-deprivation induced changes in Per2 and Dbp expression importantly varied with time of day, such that Per2 could even decrease during sleep deprivations occurring at the decreasing phase in baseline. Dbp showed similar, albeit opposite dynamics. These unexpected results could be reliably predicted assuming that these transcripts behave according to a driven damped harmonic oscillator. As expected, the sleep-wake distribution accounted for a large degree of the changes in EEG delta power and Homer1a. Nevertheless, the sleep deprivation-induced increase in delta power varied also with time of day with higher than expected levels when recovery sleep started at dark onset. CONCLUSIONS: Per2 and delta power are widely used as exclusive state variables of the circadian and homeostatic process, respectively. Our findings demonstrate a considerable cross-talk between these two processes. As Per2 in the brain responds to both sleep loss and time of day, this molecule is well positioned to keep track of and to anticipate homeostatic sleep need. CITATION: Curie T; Mongrain V; Dorsaz S; Mang GM; Emmenegger Y; Franken P. Homeostatic and circadian contribution to EEG and molecular state variables of sleep regulation. SLEEP 2013;36(3):311-323.

Biases of the ordinary least squares and instrumental variables estimators of the intergenerational earnings elasticity : revisited in the light of panel data

The OLS estimator of the intergenerational earnings correlation is biased towards zero, while the instrumental variables estimator is biased upwards. The first of these results arises because of measurement error, while the latter rests on the presumption that the education of the parent family is an invalid instrument. We propose a panel data framework for quantifying the asymptotic biases of these estimators, as well as a mis-specification test for the IV estimator. [Author]

Improving the prediction of plant species distribution and community composition by adding edaphic to topo-climatic variables

Questions Soil properties have been widely shown to influence plant growth and distribution. However, the degree to which edaphic variables can improve models based on topo-climatic variables is still unclear. In this study, we tested the roles of seven edaphic variables, namely (1) pH; (2) the content of nitrogen and of (3) phosphorus; (4) silt; (5) sand; (6) clay and (7) carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, as predictors of species distribution models in an edaphically heterogeneous landscape. We also tested how the respective influence of these variables in the models is linked to different ecological and functional species characteristics. Location The Western Alps, Switzerland. Methods With four different modelling techniques, we built models for 115 plant species using topo-climatic variables alone and then topo-climatic variables plus each of the seven edaphic variables, one at a time. We evaluated the contribution of each edaphic variable by assessing the change in predictive power of the model. In a second step, we evaluated the importance of the two edaphic variables that yielded the largest increase in predictive power in one final set of models for each species. Third, we explored the change in predictive power and the importance of variables across plant functional groups. Finally, we assessed the influence of the edaphic predictors on the prediction of community composition by stacking the models for all species and comparing the predicted communities with the observed community. Results Among the set of edaphic variables studied, pH and nitrogen content showed the highest contributions to improvement of the predictive power of the models, as well as the predictions of community composition. When considering all topo-climatic and edaphic variables together, pH was the second most important variable after degree-days. The changes in model results caused by edaphic predictors were dependent on species characteristics. The predictions for the species that have a low specific leaf area, and acidophilic preferences, tolerating low soil pH and high humus content, showed the largest improvement by the addition of pH and nitrogen in the model. Conclusions pH was an important predictor variable for explaining species distribution and community composition of the mountain plants considered in our study. pH allowed more precise predictions for acidophilic species. This variable should not be neglected in the construction of species distribution models in areas with contrasting edaphic conditions.