917 resultados para Usages of trade
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CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 89 H381-57
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Item 231-B-1
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Report year ends Mar. 31.
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Vols. for 1869-1920 issued in the series of parliamentary papers as Papers by command.
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At head of title: April 1917-March 1918, Dominion of Canada. Dept. of Trade and Commerce. Census and Statistics Bureau; April 1918- Dominion Bureau of Statistics (June 1921- adds External Trade Branch).
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Mode of access: Internet.
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The two reports reprinted in this volume were framed by the Earl of Liverpool, President of the Committee on Trade and Foreign Plantations. cf. Introd. p.xiii.
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"Presented to both houses of Parliament by command of Her Majesty."
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Carl A. Hatch, Chairman of Subcommittee.
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Item 1038-A, 1038-B (microfiche)
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1886/94-1886/96 ed. by Willoughby Maycock. 1898/99-19 ed. in the Commercial Intelligence of the Board of Trade.
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Title is followed by year of issue.
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By engaging in trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) with foreign partners, a country can access the R&D and related knowledge stocks of other countries (by accident or by design) and so benefit from those stocks of knowledge at a cost lower than that which would be incurred by developing the knowledge internally. This should lead to beneficial ‘spillover’ effects on the productivity of domestic firms. However, the literature on technology spillovers from trade and FDI is ambiguous in its findings. This may in part be because of the assumption in much of the work that trade and FDI flows are homogeneous in their determinants and thus in their effects. We develop a taxonomy of trade and FDI determinants based on R&D intensity and unit labour cost differentials, and test for the presence of spillovers from inward investment and imports on an extensive sample of UK manufacturing plants. We find that both trade and FDI have measurable spillover effects, but the size of these effects varies depending on the technological and labour cost differentials between the UK and its trading partners. There is therefore an identifiable link between the determinants and effects of trade and FDI which the previous literature has not explored. We also find that absorptive capacity matters for spillovers from FDI, but not from trade. Overall, these findings suggest that the productivity effects of FDI are largely restricted to plants with high absorptive capacity, while the productivity effects of imports occur largely among higher-technology plants regardless of their absorptive capacity.