367 resultados para Uˆnnepi kötet Honti László tiszteletére
Resumo:
A special class of preferences, given by a directed acyclic graph, is considered. They are represented by incomplete pairwise comparison matrices as only partial information is available: for some pairs no comparison is given in the graph. A weighting method satisfies the property linear order preservation if it always results in a ranking such that an alternative directly preferred to another does not have a lower rank. We study whether two procedures, the Eigenvector Method and the Logarithmic Least Squares Method meet this axiom. Both weighting methods break linear order preservation, moreover, the ranking according to the Eigenvector Method depends on the incomplete pairwise comparison representation chosen.
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The paper considers a general model of electoral systems combining district-based elections with a compensatory mechanism in order to implement any outcome between strictly majoritarian and purely proportional seat allocation. It contains vote transfer and allows for the application of three different correction formulas. Analysis in a two-party system shows that a trade-off exists for the dominant party between the expected seat share and the chance of obtaining majority. Vote transfer rules are also investigated by focusing on the possibility of manipulation. The model is applied to the 2014 Hungarian parliamentary election. Hypothetical results reveal that the vote transfer rule cannot be evaluated in itself, only together with the share of constituency seats. With an appropriate choice of the latter, the three mechanisms can be made functionally equivalent.
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In the past few years, several papers have been published in the international literature on the impact of the economic crisis on health and health care. However, there is limited knowledge on this topic regarding the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. The main aims of this study are to examine the effect of the financial crisis on health care spending in four CEE countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) in comparison with the OECD countries. In this paper we also revised the literature for economic crisis related impact on health and health care system in these countries. OECD data released in 2012 were used to examine the differences in growth rates before and after the financial crisis. We examined the ratio of the average yearly growth rates of health expenditure expressed in USD (PPP) between 20082010 and 20002008. The classification of the OECD countries regarding development and relative growth resulted in four clusters. A large diversity of relative growth was observed across the countries in austerity conditions, however the changes significantly correlate with the average drop of GDP from 2008 to 2010. To conclude, it is difficult to capture visible evidence regarding the impact of the recession on the health and health care systems in the CEE countries due to the absence of the necessary data. For the same reason, governments in this region might have a limited capability to minimize the possible negative effects of the recession on health and health care systems.
Resumo:
In the past few years, several papers have been published in the international literature on the impact of the economic crisis on health and health care. However, there is limited knowledge on this topic regarding the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. The main aims of this study are to examine the effect of the financial crisis on health care spending in four CEE countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) in comparison with the OECD countries. In this paper we also revised the literature for economic crisis related impact on health and health care system in these countries. OECD data released in 2012 were used to examine the differences in growth rates before and after the financial crisis. We examined the ratio of the average yearly growth rates of health expenditure expressed in USD (PPP) between 20082010 and 20002008. The classification of the OECD countries regarding development and relative growth resulted in four clusters. A large diversity of relative growth was observed across the countries in austerity conditions, however the changes significantly correlate with the average drop of GDP from 2008 to 2010. To conclude, it is difficult to capture visible evidence regarding the impact of the recession on the health and health care systems in the CEE countries due to the absence of the necessary data. For the same reason, governments in this region might have a limited capability to minimize the possible negative effects of the recession on health and health care systems.
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Beszllt, gyrt s vev vllalatok alkotnak egy elltsi lncot. Optimlis esetben a vllalatok integrlt rendszerben mkdnek, az egyttmkds bizal mi alapon nyugszik, gy a kzs stratgiai dntsek rvn versenykpes lesz a lnc. Az elltsi lncban lehet egy kulcsfontossg vllalat, amelyik dominns hatalmi pozcival rendelkezik. A kutats clja, hogy feltrja a hatalommal rendelkez vllalat szerept a partnercgek s az elltsi lnc versenykpessgnek alakulsban. A szakirodalom alapjn a hipotzis felttelezi, hogy van kapcsolat a versenykpessg s a dominns vllalat szerepvllalsa kztt. A szerzk elemzse primer kutatson alapul, a krdv vlaszait SPSS statisztikai kirtkelssel vgeztk. Az eredmnyek azt mutattk, hogy a dominns vllalat versenykpessgtl valban fgg a partnercgek versenykpessge. Szignifikns kapcsolat meglte bizonytja a hipotzist. A vizsglatok kiemelik, hogy a verseny mr egy szinttel feljebb, az elltsi lnc szintjn rtelmezhet: globlis elltsi lncok versenyeznek egymssal. _____ Supplier, producer and buyer companies make up a supply chain. In an optimal case the companies are integrated, partnership rests on trust which results in common strategic decisions leading to competitiveness. Each supply chain has a key company with dominant power position. The objective of the research is to analyse how the company with power affects competitiveness of partner firms and the supply chain as a whole. Based on theories hypothesis assumes a link between competitiveness and power position and its influence. Methodology of the analysis is based on primary research; the authors used SPSS statistical analysis to evaluate the answers of questionnaire. Findings include that partner firms competitiveness rely on competitiveness of the company with dominant power position. Significant connections prove that the hypothesis is true. Results show that competitiveness is being moved up to supply chain level. Global supply chains compete with each other.
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The official cooperation between the Hungarian and the Belarusian geography began to be outlined in a sunny afternoon of June 2010 in the Minsk building of the Geographic Faculty of the Belarusian State University, four years ago. Then we reviewed the potential frames of cooperation with Professor Ekaterina Antipova. It was supported by the academican Kroly Kocsis, member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, director of the Geographical Research Institute, and we could also win the support of the dean Ivan Pirozhnik and the academician Vladimir Loginov from the Belarusian State University and the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, respectively. This informal cooperation became official in the autumn of 2010 in the frame of the Academic Mobility Agreement Project between the Hungarian and the Belarusian academies of sciences. Since then several publications have appeared about Hungary and Belarus in the geographic journals of both countries, however, this is the first, long awaited, significant common publication. Besides the project-based co-operations like e. g. the EastMig (www.eastmig.mtafki.hu) and the ReSEP-CEE (www.mtafki.hu/ReSEP_CEE_Be.html) supported by the Visegrad Fund, a vivid student exchange program was also launched from the autumn of 2010 between the Geographic Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and the Geographic Faculty of the Belarusian State University with the scholarship program of the Visegrad Fund. Later the Department of Economic Geography of the Corvinus University of Budapest, headed by Istvn Tzsa became also an active partner of the cooperation. The publishing expenses of this book are also fully financed by the Department of Economic Geography.
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Hogyan juthat az ember helyes dntsekig egy adott terletre (mikroverzumra) vonatkoz mly, belsv tett tuds birtokban anlkl, hogy kvetkeztetne? Az abduktivits fogalmnak krljrsa utn t hvelykujjszablyt fogalmaz meg a szerz az abdukci mkdsrl, majd sszekapcsolja azt a vezeti munkval, tudskormnyzsi kontextusban. Ebbl kiindulva a globlis munkatrelmlet (Global Workspace Theory) alkalmazsval a vezetk vagy az organizmusknt felfogott szervezetek abduktv kapacitsnak fejlesztsi lehetsgeit vizsglja. Befejezsl egy hatlpses, a szervezeti szint abduktivitsra rkrdez specilis tudsaudit-mdszertan rvid kifejtsre vllalkozik, kt esettanulmny vzlatos bemutatsval. _____ How to make right decisions without any inferences, thanks to interiorized, deep knowledge on the given field (micro verse)? After defining the concept of abductivity, the author presents five thumbnail-like rules about the nature of abductivity, combining it with leadership aspects and knowledge governance approach. He introduces a method supporting the development of abductive capability of a leader or an organization as a whole, using the Global Works pace Theory. Finally, the author tries to briefly formulate six steps of an organization-level knowledge governance audit framework, illustrating its relevance with two short case studies.
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A vllalatok trsadalmi felelssgvllalsa vlaszt adhat a globlis problmk megoldsra. Azzal, hogy a krnyezeti s trsadalmi gyeket zleti kategriaknt kezeli, j lehetsgeket nyitott meg a megkzelts, azonban az alapvet vltozsok mg nem rezhetk. A szerz kutatsban e tmakrt vizsglja a szemlyes vlemnyek s attitdk oldalrl. A gazdasgi rdekek elsdlegessge mellett az ismerethiny az olyan tnyez, amely szakadkot kpez az elmlet s a gyakorlat kztt. Mivel a magatartsformk megvltoztatsa idignyes kihvs, a kzeljv eredmnyei azzal biztosthatk, ha a leend dntshozk sajtossgaikat megismerve a menedzsmenteszkzket igaztjk a lehetsgekhez. A tanulmny egy tfog, empirikus kutats eredmnyei alapjn mutatja be, hogy a felsoktatsban tanulk, mint a jv vezeti, hogyan viszonyulnak a fenntarthat fejlds s a CSR krdshez. _____ The tools of corporate social responsibility (CSR) may support the solving of global problems by handling them as a business category. This expands the possibilities, but the breakthrough is still missing. The authors research activity analyses the relations from the viewpoint of personal opinions and attitudes. There is a huge lack between the theories and the practical application that can be explained by the economic interest and the deficiencies of knowledge. Since changing the behaviour is a time-consuming challenge, the focus must be on discovering the present characteristics of the future decision makers and adjusting the management methods to the results. The paper summarises the results of an empiric research that opinions and attitudes of higher education students to sustainable development and CSR.
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A cikkben a szerzk elszr ttekintik a cafeteria-rendszer legfontosabb jellemzit (cljt, tipikus stakeholdereit s HR-stratgiai krdseit). Ezt kveten megvizsgljk, milyen talakulson ment t a bren kvli juttatsok rendszere 1996-tl az els ilyen rendszerek magyarorszgi megjelenstl napjainkig. ttekintik azt is, milyen mozgatrugk idztk el a fbb vltozsokat, s ezekhez a piaci szereplk hogyan alkalmazkodtak. Szintn vizsgljk a 2012-re vonatkoz legfbb vltozsokat, s ezek lehetsges kihatsait a cgek juttatsi politikjra, valamint elmutatnak nhny alternatvt az j felttelek kztti lehetsgekre s kihvsokra. Empirikus felmrseik tkrben kitrnek arra is, hogy fleg a szervezeti mret s kisebb rszben a tulajdonforma szignifiknsan befolysolja a cafeteria-rendszerek alkalmazst. _________ The authors review firstly the most important features of the cafeteria system (goals, typical stakeholders and strategic HR issues). Then they examine the evolution of the system of flexible benefits since 1996, the first appearance of such systems in Hungary. Authors also analyze how the main drivers caused the changes, and how the key players of the cafeteria systems adapted to these movements. The reader also can find insights about the major changes for 2012 and about the potential impact of these changes on benefit policies of Hungarian firms. The contribution shows some alternative opportunities and challenges driven by different influencing factors. They also touch upon the light of empirical surveys, that the cafeteria systems are significantly influenced to a lesser extent by the form of ownership and to a bigger extent by the organizational size.
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The paper attempts to develop a suitable accessibility index for networks where each link has a value such that a smaller number is preferred like distance, cost, or travel time. A measure called distance sum is characterized by three independent properties: anonymity, an appropriately chosen independence axiom, and dominance preservation, which requires that a node not far to any other is at least as accessible. We argue for the need of eliminating the independence property in certain applications. Therefore generalized distance sum, a family of accessibility indices, will be suggested. It is linear, considers the accessibility of vertices besides their distances and depends on a parameter in order to control its deviation from distance sum. Generalized distance sum is anonymous and satisfies dominance preservation if its parameter meets a sufficient condition. Two detailed examples demonstrate its ability to reflect the vulnerability of accessibility to link disruptions.
Resumo:
A komplex adaptv rendszerek tulajdonsgainak s mkdsnek vizsglata, illetve az ebbl szrmaztathat megllaptsok alkalmazhatsgi terleteinek kiterjesztse az utbbi vtizedben egyre nagyobb rdekldsnek rvend. Nincs ez msknt a menedzsmentben s a szervezetelmletben sem. Az j szemllet azaz a komplex mkdsi krnyezethez val tudatos szervezeti alkalmazkods tltetse s interpretcija rvn a tudsalap gazdasgban olyan vllalkozsok jhetnek ltre, amelyek a magasabb szint alkalmazkodsi s innovcis kpessgeik rvn hosszabb tvon is fenntarthat versenyelnyket s magas hozzadott rtket tudnak produklni. A szerzk tanulmnya alapveten arra keresi a vlaszt, hogy ez az j megkzelts integrlhat-e a kzssgi rtkteremtsbe klns tekintettel a szmvevszki mkds kontextusba. A versenyszfra s a kzszfra kztti hasonlsgot a komplexits kezelsben ltjk, fggetlenl attl, hogy az rtkteremts ms-ms koncepcikon nyugszik a kt emltett terleten.
Resumo:
A szmtgpes munkavgzs elterjedse szmos szempontbl s mdszerrel vizsglhat. A szerz kutatsai sorn az ember-gp-krnyezet sszhang megteremtsnek ignybl kiindulva arra keresi a vlaszt, hogy milyen tnyezk befolysoljk a szmtgppel vgzett tevkenysgek megszervezsnek s vgrehajtsnak hatkonysgt. Tanulmnyban a kutats indtfzisnak fbb eredmnyeirl, a szmtgp-hasznlati szoksokrl ad ttekintst, ami elengedhetetlen az irodai-adminisztratv jelleg tevkenysgekhez ktd kritikus tnyezk feltrshoz, tovbb a mrsi s fejlesztsi feladatok megalapozshoz. A szkebb rtelemben vett ergonmiai szempontok mellett a digitlis kompetencik krdskrt vonta be a munkba, amit relevns krdsnek tart a hatkonysg mrse szempontjbl, mivel a szmtgp megvlasztsa s a munkahely kialaktsa nem rtkelhet az emberi tnyez alkalmassga s az elvgzend feladat tartalma nlkl. __________ Office and administrative work, business corres-pondence, private contacts and learning are increasingly supported by computers. Moreover the technical possibilities of correspondence are wider than using a PC. It is accessible on the go by a cell phone. The author analysed the characteristics of the used devices, the working environment, satisfaction factors in connection with computer work and the digital competence by a survey. In his opinion development in an ergonomic approach is important not only to establish the technological novelties but to utilize the present possibilities of hardware and environment. The reason for this is that many people can not (or do not want) to follow the dynamic technological development of computers with buying the newest devices. The study compares the results of home and work characteristic of computer work. This research was carried out as part of the TAMOP-4.2.1.B-10/2/ KONV-2010-0001 project with support by the European Union, co-financed by the European Social Fund.
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Objective: The objective of the study is to explore preferences of gastroenterologists for biosimilar drugs in Crohns Disease and reveal trade-offs between the perceived risks and benefits related to biosimilar drugs. Method: Discrete choice experiment was carried out involving 51 Hungarian gastroenterologists in May, 2014. The following attributes were used to describe hypothetical choice sets: 1) type of the treatment (biosimilar/originator) 2) severity of disease 3) availability of continuous medicine supply 4) frequency of the efficacy check-ups. Multinomial logit model was used to differentiate between three attitude types: 1) always opting for the originator 2) willing to consider biosimilar for biological-nave patients only 3) willing to consider biosimilar treatment for both types of patients. Conditional logit model was used to estimate the probabilities of choosing a given profile. Results: Men, senior consultants, working in IBD center and treating more patients are more likely to willing to consider biosimilar for biological-nave patients only. Treatment type (originator/biosimilar) was the most important determinant of choice for patients already treated with biologicals, and the availability of continuous medicine supply in the case biological-nave patients. The probabilities of choosing the biosimilar with all the benefits offered over the originator under current reimbursement conditions are 89% vs 11% for new patients, and 44% vs 56% for patients already treated with biological. Conclusions: Gastroenterologists were willing to trade between perceived risks and benefits of biosimilars. The continuous medical supply would be one of the major benefits of biosimilars. However, benefits offered in the scenarios do not compensate for the change from the originator to the biosimilar treatment of patients already treated with biologicals.
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Jelen tanulmny a posztmodern kor fogyasztsi tendenciit s a posztmodern marketing sajtos fejldst elemzi, elssorban a turizmus pldjn. A szerzk a hazai s a nemzetkzi szakirodalom, illetve sajt kutatsaik s megfigyelseik alapjn tkztetik az ismert s elfogadott elveket, elmleteket a gyakorlattal, s felhvjk a figyelmet a marketingtevkenysg alkalmazkodsnak hazai problmira. A Vezetstudomny cm folyirat 2008/9. szmban rendkvl rdekes tanulmny jelent meg Mitev Ariel Zoltn s Horvth Dra tollbl A posztmodern marketing rzsaszirmai cmmel. A tanulmny elremutat, rdekfeszt s minden tekintetben konstruktv, jszer. Jelen tanulmny szerzire is nagy hatst gyakorolt a cikk, nagyrszt felsorolt ernyei miatt, de egyes esetekben kiegsztst kvnva. Mindenkppen inspirlta a tovbblpst, az jabb adalkok megfogalmazst, amire ezton e tanulmny szerzi ksrletet tettek. A cikk egyben szerves gondolati folytatsa a szerzpros korbbi kzs publikciinak, elssorban a Marketing & Menedzsment folyiratban megjelent cikknek. _______ In this article the author will analyze consumption tendencies of post-modern age, mainly using tourism marketing examples. Their analysis has been based on results of their own researches and researches published in Hungarian and international marketing literature. In this article they try to confront different theories of post-modern marketing and they will analyze problems of applicability of these theories in Hungarian marketing problem solving. An extremely interesting article was published in Vezetstudomny (2008/9), written by Zoltn Mitev Ariel and Dra Horvth, and this article, by its interesting, innovative and constructive aspect has largely influenced authors of present article to continue the path proposed in the abovementioned article. The article, in the same time, is an organic continuation of the earlier common publications of the authors, e.g. the recent article in Marketing & Menedzsment journal.
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A vllalkozv vls meghatroz tnyezinek kutatsa szakmai berkekben leginkbb a Szent Grl keressre emlkeztet: mr lassan azt sem tudjuk, hogy egyltaln lteznek-e ilyen tnyezk. A kutatst neheztik a tbbnyire nbevallsos krdsekre adott torztott vlaszok, a szba jhet tnyezk szmossga s a vllalkozi motivcik heterogenitsa a klnbz demogrfiai karakterisztikkkal rendelkez npessg krben. Az egyetemi hallgatk krben nmileg egyszerbb a vizsglat, hiszen ez egy relatve homogn minta. Ugyanakkor itt a leginkbb tttelesek a hatsok, s radsul nem a tnyleges vllalkozv vls, hanem tbbnyire csak a szndkok tesztelhetk. A vllalkozv vls szndkt Bandura trsadalmi megismers-elmlete, Shapero elmozdulselmlete s az Ajzen-fle tervezett magatarts elmlet alapjn fellltott koncepcionlis modell keretn bell vizsgljk s elemzik a szerzk. Arra keresik a vlaszt, hogy az egyes vllalkozi tulajdonsgok, az egyetemi krnyezeti tnyezk s a csaldi httr hogyan hatnak a vllalkozv vlsra. A tesztelshez a 21 orszgra kiterjed 2011-es GUESSS-felmrsbl a magyar egyetemi/ fiskolai hallgatk 5224-es erssg mintjt hasznltk fel. A multimonilis regresszis vizsglat eredmnyei megerstik, hogy a vllalkozi tulajdonsgok s a csaldban lev vllalkoz meglte mellett a vllalkozi oktats is pozitvan befolysoljk a vllalkozsindtsi szndkot. A klaszterelemzs rmutatott arra, hogy a vllalkozi szndkok, az erre hat tnyezk, tovbb a vlasztott szak s ms demogrfiai tnyezk szempontjbl a hallgatk meglehetsen heterognek. _______ The search for the determining factors to become an entrepreneur is something like searching for the Holy Grail: After many decades we do not even know if these factors exist or not. The research is difficult because the questionnaires are self esteem, the potential influential factors are numerous, and the motivations do vary across the different cohorts of population. It is easier to conduct a survey amongst university students since this sample is relatively homogenous. At the same times, the determining factors to become an entrepreneur cannot be really tested; the authors can examine mostly the attitudes and the intentions. The conceptual model of entrepreneurial intentions, developed in the paper, based on Bandura, Shaper and Ajzen. The paper is testing eight hypotheses about the influential factors of entrepreneurial intentions such as entrepreneurial traits, the university environment, and the family background. For testing the hypothesis they use a sample of 5224 Hungarian students from the GUESSS 2011 survey. According to the multinomial regression, entrepreneurial intentions are positively influenced by certain entrepreneurial traits, entrepreneur in the family, and entrepreneurship courses at the higher education institutions. The cluster analysis results underline the heterogeneity of the students in terms of entrepreneurial intentions, gender, and the major field of studies
