A escolha do teste estatístico – um tutorial em forma de apresentação em PowerPoint

A seleção de métodos apropriados para a análise estatística pode parecer complexa, principalmente para estudantes de pós-graduação e pesquisadores no início da carreira científica. Por outro lado, a apresentação em PowerPoint é uma ferramenta comum para estudantes e pesquisadores. Assim, um tutorial de Bioestatística desenvolvido em uma apresentação em PowerPoint poderia estreitar a distância entre ortodontistas e a Bioestatística. Esse guia proporciona informações úteis e objetivas a respeito de vários métodos estatísticos empregando exemplos relacionados à Odontologia e, mais especificamente, à Ortodontia. Esse tutorial deve ser empregado, principalmente, para o usuário obter algumas respostas a questões comuns relacionadas ao teste mais apropriado para executar comparações entre grupos, examinar correlações e regressões ou analisar o erro do método. Também pode ser obtido auxílio para checar a distribuição dos dados (normal ou anormal) e a escolha do gráfico mais adequado para a apresentação dos resultados. Esse guia pode ainda ser de bastante utilidade para revisores de periódicos examinarem, de forma rápida, a adequabilidade do método estatístico apresentado em um artigo submetido à publicação.

Deconvolução de Euler: passado, presente e futuro – um tutorial

Neste tutorial apresentamos uma revisão da deconvolução de Euler que consiste de três partes. Na primeira parte, recordamos o papel da clássica formulação da deconvolução de Euler 2D e 3D como um método para localizar automaticamente fontes de campos potenciais anômalas e apontamos as dificuldades desta formulação: a presença de uma indesejável nuvem de soluções, o critério empírico usado para determinar o índice estrutural (um parâmetro relacionado com a natureza da fonte anômala), a exeqüibilidade da aplicação da deconvolução de Euler a levantamentos magnéticos terrestres, e a determinação do mergulho e do contraste de susceptibilidade magnética de contatos geológicos (ou o produto do contraste de susceptibilidade e a espessura quando aplicado a dique fino). Na segunda parte, apresentamos as recentes melhorias objetivando minimizar algumas dificuldades apresentadas na primeira parte deste tutorial. Entre estas melhorias incluem-se: i) a seleção das soluções essencialmente associadas com observações apresentando alta razão sinal-ruído; ii) o uso da correlação entre a estimativa do nível de base da anomalia e a própria anomalia observada ou a combinação da deconvolução de Euler com o sinal analítico para determinação do índice estrutural; iii) a combinação dos resultados de (i) e (ii), permitindo estimar o índice estrutural independentemente do número de soluções; desta forma, um menor número de observações (tal como em levantamentos terrestres) pode ser usado; iv) a introdução de equações adicionais independentes da equação de Euler que permitem estimar o mergulho e o contraste de susceptibilidade das fontes magnéticas 2D. Na terceira parte apresentaremos um prognóstico sobre futuros desenvolvimentos a curto e médio prazo envolvendo a deconvolução de Euler. As principais perspectivas são: i) novos ataques aos problemas selecionados na segunda parte deste tutorial; ii) desenvolvimento de métodos que permitam considerar interferências de fontes localizadas ao lado ou acima da fonte principal, e iii) uso das estimativas de localização da fonte anômala produzidas pela deconvolução de Euler como vínculos em métodos de inversão para obter a delineação das fontes em um ambiente computacional amigável.

Programa de Educação Tutorial na escola: atuação do arquivista e do bibliotecário em ambientes escolares

The role of the librarian and archivist in school settings is shown, currently in the initial stages. Starting up this hypothesis, the PET of Librarianship of the FFC/UNESP prepared the design in PET at School with a view to submitting importance of these professionals this environment. Thus, it is expected that the performance of the stock of PET Librarianship in schools is another catalytic to the formation of responsible professionals and concerned with the society around them as idealized the political projects of pedagogical courses of Library and Archival of FFC/UNESP. Experiments of this nature bring the discussion of knowledge acquired in the classroom and the possibility of social transformation by information professional.

Produção de propagandas sociais radiofônicas e educação tutorial: uma proposta para a formação do profissional de comunicação

Produce radio advertisements to convey social UNESP FM Radio. This is the purpose of “Agência PropagAção”, extension project of the Faculty of Arts, Architecture and Communication Unesp, Bauru, SP, composed of 15 students of Communication and Design, coordinated by the teacher responsible. This extension project, however, over the four years of operation, has evolved from a manufacturing space of advertisements for a creative environment where teaching and learning are associated with teaching, research and extension. In this group, converge knowledge from different areas of social communication, resulting in scientific research initiation, completion of course work and professional practice with the provision of community services. Organized as an advertising agency, teachers and students experience education tutorial, extracurricular, adding, as a collective, integrated and interdisciplinary knowledge for the training of professionals with technical expertise, scientific, technological and academic.

Educação Tutorial como ferramenta no Ensino-Aprendizagem de Audiovisual

This paper aims to highlight the importance of Tutorial Education Program (TEP) for undergraduate courses in conjunction with the graduate programs, highlighting the relevance of the triad teaching, research and extension activities also present in the TEP Interdisciplinary in Radio and Television from the FAAC/UNESP.

Central catheter dressing in a simulator: the effects of tutor's assistance or self-learning tutorial

Aims: to compare the performance of undergraduate students concerning semi-implanted central venous catheter dressing in a simulator, with the assistance of a tutor or of a self-learning tutorial. Method: Randomized controlled trial. The sample consisted of 35 undergraduate nursing students, who were divided into two groups after attending an open dialogue presentation class and watching a video. One group undertook the procedure practice with a tutor and the other with the assistance of a self-learning tutorial. Results: in relation to cognitive knowledge, the two groups had lower performance in the pre-test than in the post-test. The group that received assistance from a tutor performed better in the practical assessment. Conclusion: the simulation undertaken with the assistance of a tutor showed to be the most effective learning strategy when compared to the simulation using a self-learning tutorial. Advances in nursing simulation technology are of upmost importance and the role of the tutor in the learning process should be highlighted, taking into consideration the role this professional plays in knowledge acquisition and in the development of critical-reflexive thoughts and attitudes. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT 01614314).

The implementation of the Medical Regulation Office and Mobile Emergency Attendance System and its impact on the gravity profile of non-traumatic afflictions treated in a University Hospital: a research study

Abstract Background The public health system of Brazil is structured by a network of increasing complexity, but the low resolution of emergency care at pre-hospital units and the lack of organization of patient flow overloaded the hospitals, mainly the ones of higher complexity. The knowledge of this phenomenon induced Ribeirão Preto to implement the Medical Regulation Office and the Mobile Emergency Attendance System. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of these services on the gravity profile of non-traumatic afflictions in a University Hospital. Methods The study conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 906 patients older than 13 years of age who entered the Emergency Care Unit of the Hospital of the University of São Paulo School of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto. All presented acute non-traumatic afflictions and were admitted to the Internal Medicine, Surgery or Neurology Departments during two study periods: May 1996 (prior to) and May 2001 (after the implementation of the Medical Regulation Office and Mobile Emergency Attendance System). Demographics and mortality risk levels calculated by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) were determined. Results From 1996 to 2001, the mean age increased from 49 ± 0.9 to 52 ± 0.9 (P = 0.021), as did the percentage of co-morbidities, from 66.6 to 77.0 (P = 0.0001), the number of in-hospital complications from 260 to 284 (P = 0.0001), the mean calculated APACHE II mortality risk increased from 12.0 ± 0.5 to 14.8 ± 0.6 (P = 0.0008) and mortality rate from 6.1 to 12.2 (P = 0.002). The differences were more significant for patients admitted to the Internal Medicine Department. Conclusion The implementation of the Medical Regulation and Mobile Emergency Attendance System contributed to directing patients with higher gravity scores to the Emergency Care Unit, demonstrating the potential of these services for hierarchical structuring of pre-hospital networks and referrals.

Tutorial Viola-Jones

Este tutorial pretende ser una guía para la elaboración de clasificadores basados en el esquema de Viola-Jones haciando uso de la biblioteca OpenCV

Propuesta de un Plan de Acción Tutorial en el ámbito de la Ingeniería

[ES]En el contexto de las universidades españolas el diseño, desarrollo y puesta en práctica de los Planes de Acción Tutorial (PAT) presenta una cierta diversidad de enfoque y de agentes actuantes, aunque con aspectos comunes. Basados en esa experiencia “global”, en la propia “local” y en los objetivos fundamentales que todo PAT debe observar, hemos diseñado un PAT de aplicación en las titulaciones de grado de la rama de Ingeniería y Arquitectura que cubre los cursos del título. Este PAT conjuga distintos planes anuales en función de las necesidades que en cada curso demanda el estudiante.

Can health beliefs help in explaining attendance to follow-up care? The Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study

Objective: Improved treatment has increased the survival of childhood cancer patients in recent decades, but follow-up care is recommended to detect and treat late effects. We investigated relationships between health beliefs and follow-up attendance in adult childhood cancer survivors. Methods: Childhood cancer survivors aged younger than 16 years when diagnosed between 1976 and 2003, who had survived for more than 5 years and were currently aged 201 years, received a postal questionnaire. We asked survivors whether they attended follow-up in the past year. Concepts from the Health Belief Model (perceived susceptibility and severity of future late effects, potential benefits and barriers to follow-up, general health value and cues to action) were assessed. Medical information was extracted from the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry. Results: Of 1075 survivors (response rate 72.3%), 250 (23.3%) still attended regular followup care. In unadjusted analyses, all health belief concepts were significantly associated with follow-up (po0.05). Adjusting for other health beliefs, demographic, and medical variables, only barriers (OR50.59; 95%CI: 0.43–0.82) remained significant. Younger survivors, those with lower educational background, diagnosed at an older age, treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or bone marrow transplantation and with a relapse were more likely to attend follow-up care. Conclusions: Our study showed that more survivors at high risk of cancer- and treatmentrelated late effects attend follow-up care in Switzerland. Patient-perceived barriers hinder attendance even after accounting for medical variables. Information about the potential effectiveness and value of follow-up needs to be available to increase the attendance among childhood cancer survivors.

Transfer Functions in Artificial Neural Networks - A Simulation-Based Tutorial

Artificial neural networks are based on computational units that resemble basic information processing properties of biological neurons in an abstract and simplified manner. Generally, these formal neurons model an input-output behaviour as it is also often used to characterize biological neurons. The neuron is treated as a black box; spatial extension and temporal dynamics present in biological neurons are most often neglected. Even though artificial neurons are simplified, they can show a variety of input-output relations, depending on the transfer functions they apply. This unit on transfer functions provides an overview of different transfer functions and offers a simulation that visualizes the input-output behaviour of an artificial neuron depending on the specific combination of transfer functions.

GENESIS Modeling Tutorial

This tutorial is intended to be a "quick start" to creating simulations with GENESIS. It should give you the tools and enough information to let you quickly begin creating cells and networks with GENESIS, making use of the provided example simulations. Advanced topics are covered by appropriate links to the Advanced Tutorials on Realistic Neural Modeling.

How Minds Work: A Cognitive Theory of Everything - a Tutorial on the IDA Model of Cognition

The IDA model of cognition is a fully integrated artificial cognitive system reaching across the full spectrum of cognition, from low-level perception/action to high-level reasoning. Extensively based on empirical data, it accurately reflects the full range of cognitive processes found in natural cognitive systems. As a source of plausible explanations for very many cognitive processes, the IDA model provides an ideal tool to think with about how minds work. This online tutorial offers a reasonably full account of the IDA conceptual model, including background material. It also provides a high-level account of the underlying computational “mechanisms of mind” that constitute the IDA computational model.

How Insecurity impacts on school attendance and school drop out among urban slum children in Nairobi

This paper discusses how perceptions of personal security can impact on school enrolment and attendance. It mainly focuses on threats to physical harm, crime, community and domestic violence. These security fears can include insecurity that children suffer from as they go to school, maybe through the use of unsafe routes; insecurity that children feel at school; and the insecurity they suffer from in their homes. Although poverty is an indicator of insecurity, this paper does not focus solely on poverty as it is well covered elsewhere in the literature. The paper relies on qualitative data collected in Korogocho and Viwandani slum areas in Nairobi, Kenya between October and November 2004. The paper analyses data from individual interviews and focus group interviews and focuses on the narrative of slum dwellers on how insecurity impacts on educational attainment. The conclusion in this paper is that insecure neighbourhoods may have a negative impact on schooling. As a result policies that address insecurity in slum neighbourhoods can also improve school attendance and performance.

A tutorial on data-driven methods for statistically assessing ERP topographies

Dynamic changes in ERP topographies can be conveniently analyzed by means of microstates, the so-called "atoms of thoughts", that represent brief periods of quasi-stable synchronized network activation. Comparing temporal microstate features such as on- and offset or duration between groups and conditions therefore allows a precise assessment of the timing of cognitive processes. So far, this has been achieved by assigning the individual time-varying ERP maps to spatially defined microstate templates obtained from clustering the grand mean data into predetermined numbers of topographies (microstate prototypes). Features obtained from these individual assignments were then statistically compared. This has the problem that the individual noise dilutes the match between individual topographies and templates leading to lower statistical power. We therefore propose a randomization-based procedure that works without assigning grand-mean microstate prototypes to individual data. In addition, we propose a new criterion to select the optimal number of microstate prototypes based on cross-validation across subjects. After a formal introduction, the method is applied to a sample data set of an N400 experiment and to simulated data with varying signal-to-noise ratios, and the results are compared to existing methods. In a first comparison with previously employed statistical procedures, the new method showed an increased robustness to noise, and a higher sensitivity for more subtle effects of microstate timing. We conclude that the proposed method is well-suited for the assessment of timing differences in cognitive processes. The increased statistical power allows identifying more subtle effects, which is particularly important in small and scarce patient populations.