Augmenting Static Source Views in IDEs with Dynamic Metrics

Mainstream IDEs such as Eclipse support developers in managing software projects mainly by offering static views of the source code. Such a static perspective neglects any information about runtime behavior. However, object-oriented programs heavily rely on polymorphism and late-binding, which makes them difficult to understand just based on their static structure. Developers thus resort to debuggers or profilers to study the system's dynamics. However, the information provided by these tools is volatile and hence cannot be exploited to ease the navigation of the source space. In this paper we present an approach to augment the static source perspective with dynamic metrics such as precise runtime type information, or memory and object allocation statistics. Dynamic metrics can leverage the understanding for the behavior and structure of a system. We rely on dynamic data gathering based on aspects to analyze running Java systems. By solving concrete use cases we illustrate how dynamic metrics directly available in the IDE are useful. We also comprehensively report on the efficiency of our approach to gather dynamic metrics.

Senseo: Enriching Eclipse's Static Source Views with Dynamic Metrics

Maintaining object-oriented systems that use inheritance and polymorphism is difficult, since runtime information, such as which methods are actually invoked at a call site, is not visible in the static source code. We have implemented Senseo, an Eclipse plugin enhancing Eclipse's static source views with various dynamic metrics, such as runtime types, the number of objects created, or the amount of memory allocated in particular methods.

Spatial audition in a static virtual environment : the role of auditory-visual interaction

The integration of the auditory modality in virtual reality environments is known to promote the sensations of immersion and presence. However it is also known from psychophysics studies that auditory-visual interaction obey to complex rules and that multisensory conflicts may disrupt the adhesion of the participant to the presented virtual scene. It is thus important to measure the accuracy of the auditory spatial cues reproduced by the auditory display and their consistency with the spatial visual cues. This study evaluates auditory localization performances under various unimodal and auditory-visual bimodal conditions in a virtual reality (VR) setup using a stereoscopic display and binaural reproduction over headphones in static conditions. The auditory localization performances observed in the present study are in line with those reported in real conditions, suggesting that VR gives rise to consistent auditory and visual spatial cues. These results validate the use of VR for future psychophysics experiments with auditory and visual stimuli. They also emphasize the importance of a spatially accurate auditory and visual rendering for VR setups.

A Stieltjes approach to static hedges

Static hedging of complicated payoff structures by standard instruments becomes increasingly popular in finance. The classical approach is developed for quite regular functions, while for less regular cases, generalized functions and approximation arguments are used. In this note, we discuss the regularity conditions in the classical decomposition formula due to P. Carr and D. Madan (in Jarrow ed, Volatility, pp. 417–427, Risk Publ., London, 1998) if the integrals in this formula are interpreted as Lebesgue integrals with respect to the Lebesgue measure. Furthermore, we show that if we replace these integrals by Lebesgue–Stieltjes integrals, the family of representable functions can be extended considerably with a direct approach.

REVIEW ON THE DETERMINATION OF α s FROM THE QCD STATIC ENERGY

We review the determination of the strong coupling αs from the comparison of the perturbative expression for the Quantum Chromodynamics static energy with lattice data. Here, we collect all the perturbative expressions needed to evaluate the static energy at the currently known accuracy.

Determination of α_{s} from the QCD static energy

We compare lattice data for the short-distance part of the static energy in 21 flavor quantum chromodynamics (QCD) with perturbative calculations, up to next-to-next-to-next-to leading-logarithmic accuracy. We show that perturbation theory describes very well the lattice data at short distances, and exploit this fact to obtain a determination of the product of the lattice scale r0 with the QCD scale ΛMS. With the input of the value of r0, this provides a determination of the strong coupling αs at the typical distance scale of the lattice data. We obtain αs1.5  GeV0.3260.019, which provides a novel determination of αs with three-loop accuracy (including resummation of the leading ultrasoft logarithms), and constitutes one of the few low-energy determinations of αs available. When this value is evolved to the Z-mass scale MZ, it corresponds to αsMZ0.11560.00220.0021.

Determination of the strong coupling alphas from the QCD static energy

We obtain a determination of the strong coupling as in quantum chromodynamics, by comparing perturbative calculations for the short-distance part of the static energy with lattice computations. Our result reads as (1.5GeV) = 0.326±0.019, and when evolved to the scale MZ (the Z-boson mass) it corresponds to as (MZ) = 0.1156+0.0021 −0.0022.

αs from the static energy in QCD

Comparing perturbative calculations with a lattice computation of the static energy in quantum chromodynamics at short distances, we obtain a determination of the strong coupling αS. Our determination is performed at a scale of around 1.5 GeV (the typical distance scale of the lattice data) and, when evolved to the Z-boson mass scale MZ, it corresponds to .

Synchronous Change of Atmospheric CO₂ and Antarctic Temperature During the Last Deglacial Warming

Understanding the role of atmospheric CO2 during past climate changes requires clear knowledge of how it varies in time relative to temperature. Antarctic ice cores preserve highly resolved records of atmospheric CO2 and Antarctic temperature for the past 800,000 years. Here we propose a revised relative age scale for the concentration of atmospheric CO2 and Antarctic temperature for the last deglacial warming, using data from five Antarctic ice cores. We infer the phasing between CO2 concentration and Antarctic temperature at four times when their trends change abruptly. We find no significant asynchrony between them, indicating that Antarctic temperature did not begin to rise hundreds of years before the concentration of atmospheric CO2, as has been suggested by earlier studies.

Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy with static field conformal and non coplanar arcs for pediatric patients with craniopharyngioma: analysis of long term visual outcome and endocrine toxicity

We assessed the efficacy and the toxicity for pediatric craniopharyngioma patients of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). Between May 2000 and May 2009, 9 patients (male to female ratio, 5:4) with craniopharyngiomas underwent FSRT (median dose, 54 Gy). Among the 9 patients, 6 received radiation therapy (RT) for recurrent tumors and 3 for residual disease as adjuvant therapy after incomplete surgery. Median tumor 3 volume was 2.3 cm (range, 0.1-5.8). The median target coverage was 93.7% (range 79.3-99.8%). The median conformity index was 0.94 (range, 0.6-1.4). Dose to the hippocampal region was assessed for all patients. After a median follow-up of 62.5 months (range, 32-127)the treated volume decreased in size in four of eight patients (50%). One patient was lost to follow-up. Local control and survival rates at 3 years were 100% and there were no marginal relapses. One patient, with a chronic bilateral papillary oedema after surgery, visual defect deteriorated after FSRT to a complete hemianopsia. One male patient with normal pituitary function before FSRT presented with precocious puberty at the age of 7.4 years, 24 months after FSRT. Four patients (50%) were severely obese at their last visit. FSRT is a safe treatment option for craniopharyngioma after incomplete resection.

Static and dynamic characteristics of cerebral blood flow during the resting state in schizophrenia

Background: The cerebral network that is active during rest and is deactivated during goal-oriented activity is called the default mode network (DMN). It appears to be involved in self-referential mental activity. Atypical functional connectivity in the DMN has been observed in schizophrenia. One hypothesis suggests that pathologically increased DMN connectivity in schizophrenia is linked with a main symptom of psychosis, namely, misattribution of thoughts. Methods: A resting-state pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (ASL) study was conducted to measure absolute cerebral blood flow (CBF) in 34 schizophrenia patients and 27 healthy controls. Using independent component analysis (ICA), the DMN was extracted from ASL data. Mean CBF and DMN connectivity were compared between groups using a 2-sample t test. Results: Schizophrenia patients showed decreased mean CBF in the frontal and temporal regions (P < .001). ICA demonstrated significantly increased DMN connectivity in the precuneus (x/y/z = -16/-64/38) in patients than in controls (P < .001). CBF was not elevated in the respective regions. DMN connectivity in the precuneus was significantly correlated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores (P < .01). Conclusions: In schizophrenia patients, the posterior hub-which is considered the strongest part of the DMN-showed increased DMN connectivity. We hypothesize that this increase hinders the deactivation of the DMN and, thus, the translation of cognitive processes from an internal to an external focus. This might explain symptoms related to defective self-monitoring, such as auditory verbal hallucinations or ego disturbances.

Sequential incoherence in a multi-party synchronous computer mediated communication for an introductory Health Informatics course.

Online courses will play a key role in the high-volume Informatics education required to train the personnel that will be necessary to fulfill the health IT needs of the country. Online courses can cause feelings of isolation in students. A common way to address these feelings is to hold synchronous online "chats" for students. Conventional chats, however, can be confusing and impose a high extrinsic cognitive load on their participants that hinders the learning process. In this paper we present a qualitative analysis that shows the causes of this high cognitive load and our solution through the use of a moderated chat system.

Static replications with traffic light options

It is well known that sufficiently regular, one-dimensional payoff functions have an explicit static hedge by bonds, forward contracts, and options in a continuum of strikes. An easy and natural extension of the corresponding representation leads to static hedges based on the same instruments along with traffic light options, which have recently been introduced in the market. It is well known that the second strike derivative of non-discounted prices of vanilla options is related to the risk-neutral density of the underlying asset price in the corresponding absolutely continuous settings. Similar statements hold for traffic light options in sufficiently regular, bivariate settings.