Climate Conundrums at High Altitude. EU Diplomacy Paper 01/2014, January 2014

The European Union (EU) was the frontrunner for the establishment of the world’s first multinational emissions trading scheme (ETS). Committed to combating climate change, the EU sought to overcome the multilateral paralysis within the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to mitigate aviation emissions. Unsuccessful in pushing for a global market-based measure (MBM) within the organisation, the EU was ready for take-off to include the sector in the EU emissions trading system (EU ETS). The geographical scope, however, including all flights from and to Europe in their entire trajectory, caused frictions with the international community about sovereignty issues. Ultimately, Climate Commissioner Connie Hedegaard announced a ‘stop-the-clock’ for international flights, a temporary derogation until the 2013 ICAO Assembly in order to find a global agreement. The ’stop-the-clock’ initiative provides ample opportunity to analyse EU leadership in curbing aviation emissions based on an analytical framework specifying different types of leadership. Its shows the global challenge to the EU’s claim of structural leadership on various levels in and beyond ICAO. The paper aims to analyse to what extent the EU is a global leader in mitigating aviation emissions and to identify the kind of EU leadership according to a threefold analytical framework. In addition, it will factor in the 'stop-the-clock' initiative and to what extent it altered the perception of EU leadership in the field. The paper comes to the conclusion that EU leadership in mitigating aviation emissions is not stalling. On the contrary, the EU, by pursuing the extension of the EU ETS, has put aviation emissions on everybody’s radar – and thus showed idea-based leadership. Proving the scheme’s feasibility further underlined EU leadership, in the form of directional leadership. The 'stop-the-clock' decision, however, already indicated what was later on confirmed in the 38th ICAO Assembly: Unilateral structural leadership of the EU in the field of aviation emissions is not credible at the moment.

Analysis and GC-MS characterization of toxaphene in fish and water /

Mode of access: Internet.

Chord-wise air load distribution : War Dept., Army Air Forces : Navy Dept., Bureau of Aeronautics : Dept. of Commerce, Civil Aeronautics ... /

Tables.

Fluid dynamics and applications,

Reproduced from typewritten copy.

Selected topics in fluid mechanics, Summer session 1946 [New York University?]

Reproduced from typewritten copy.

Investigation of the flow over simple bodies at Mach numbers of the order of 20 /

"It is shown that adequate means are available for calculating inviscid direct and induced pressures on simple axisymmetric bodies at zero angle of attack. The extent to which viscous effects can alter these predictions is indicated. It is also shown that inviscid induced pressures can significantly affect the stability of blunt, two-dimensional flat wings at low angles of attack. However, at high angles of attack, the inviscid induced pressure effects are negligible."

An investigation of the exact solutions of the linearized equations for the flow past conical bodies,

Reproduced from type-written copy.

NACA research memorandum.

Description based on: RM no. A6G24 (May 12, 1947); title from cover.

Kinetic study of the hypersonic flow past the leading edge of a flat plate.

Vita.

Wave superheater hypersonic tunnel; semiannual report,

"AEDC TDR-62-54. Program area 750A. AFSC project 4773. Contract no. AF40(600)-804."

The turbulent boundary layer with variable Prandtl number.

Mode of access: Internet.

An analytical and experimental study of the ionized flow field about a hemisphere cylinder and its effect on the radiation pattern of a slot antenna

Mode of access: Internet.

Airplane design; a textbook of airplane layout and stress analysis calculations with particular emphasis on economics of design.

"First three editions comprising 2400 copies were published between Dec. 1934 and June 1939."

Recirculation principle for ground effect machine two-dimensional tests.

"Task 9R99-01-005-04. Contract DA 44-177-TC-710."

The blunt-body problem in hypersonic flow at low Reynolds number.

"Contract no. Nonr 2653(00)"