Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos na população de milho CMS 35 no Estado de Sergipe

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar parâmetros genéticos da população CMS 35 submetida a três ciclos de seleção entre e dentro de progênies de meios-irmãos, em diferentes municípios do Estado de Sergipe, no período de 1998 a 2000. Foram avaliadas 196 progênies de meios-irmãos em cada ciclo de seleção, em látice simples 14x14, em dois locais, realizando-se as recombinações das progênies selecionadas dentro do mesmo ano agrícola, de modo a se obter um ciclo/ano. A variabilidade genética foi reduzida do ciclo I para o ciclo II, e aumentou do ciclo II para o ciclo III. Os valores das estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos associados às médias de produtividade de espigas e ao ganho médio esperado, por ciclo de seleção, evidenciam o potencial da população CMS 35 em responder à seleção para aumento da produtividade, o que possibilitará a obtenção de uma variedade melhor adaptada para divulgação na região.

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos na população de milho CPATC-3 em dois locais de Sergipe

No período de 1999 a 2001, a população de milho CPATC-3 foi submetida a três ciclos de seleção entre e dentro de progênies de meios-irmãos, em dois municípios de Sergipe, visando obter estimativas de parâmetros genéticos, para posterior verificação do comportamento da variabilidade genética em relação ao peso de espiga. Em cada ciclo foram avaliadas 196 progênies de meios-irmãos, em blocos ao acaso, com duas repetições, com recombinação das progênies superiores dentro do mesmo ano agrícola, de modo a se obter um ciclo/ano. Foram observadas diferenças altamente significativas entre as progênies que podem ser obtidas da população-base, em todos os ciclos de seleção, o que evidencia a presença de variabilidade genética entre elas. As magnitudes dos parâmetros genéticos mostraram que a população CPATC-3 possui variabilidade genética suficiente, a qual fornece perspectivas de aumentos subseqüentes de produção de espigas que, associadas ao bom rendimento apresentado, tornam essa variedade importante alternativa para a agricultura nordestina.

Seleção de rizóbios nativos para guandu, caupi e feijão-de-porco nos tabuleiros costeiros de Sergipe

A inoculação de estirpes de rizóbios em sementes de feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis), caupi (Vigna unguiculata) e guandu (Cajanus cajan), recomendadas para outras regiões do País, não tem resultado em incrementos nas taxas de fixação biológica de N2 nem no crescimento dessas leguminosas em solos dos tabuleiros costeiros de Sergipe. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a eficiência simbiótica de rizóbios nativos dos tabuleiros costeiros associados a essas leguminosas e a tolerância deles a estresses. Das 17 estirpes de rizóbios isoladas e analisadas em casa de vegetação, quatro foram selecionadas para o guandu, sete para o caupi e três para o feijão-de-porco. O número e a massa de nódulos secos por planta correlacionaram-se com a massa da parte aérea seca, a área foliar e o N total acumulado nas folhas das três leguminosas. Os mesmos rizóbios foram eficientes para o caupi e para o guandu. Três estirpes do guandu (R35, R43 e R45) e duas do caupi (R10 e R17) foram caracterizadas in vitro e todas apresentaram tolerância às concentrações elevadas de ácido nalidíxico, cloranfenicol e tetraciclina, porém, foram sensíveis à estreptomicina e à kanamicina. Todas as estirpes cresceram a 35ºC e, exceto a R17, toleraram o alumínio (10 mg L-1).

Propriedades de um Argissolo Amarelo fragipânico de Alagoas sob cultivo contínuo da cana-de-açúcar

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações nas propriedades morfológicas e físicas de um Argissolo Amarelo distrófico abrupto fragipânico sob cultivo contínuo de cana-de-açúcar. Três talhões foram selecionados, um coberto por vegetação de mata nativa e os outros dois cultivados com cana-de-açúcar, por períodos de dois e trinta anos. O cultivo da cana-de-açúcar alterou morfologicamente o horizonte superficial, desenvolvendo um horizonte Ap, e modificou a estrutura dos dois primeiros horizontes do perfil. As alterações morfológicas, entretanto, foram pouco expressivas em virtude dos baixos teores de argila destes horizontes. O manejo adotado causou diminuição da macroporosidade e, consequentemente, aumentou a água disponível. Por outro lado, o uso agrícola aumentou a microporosidade e reduziu significativamente a condutividade hidráulica dos horizontes superficiais. Não se observou variação significativa na densidade do solo, porosidade total, macroporosidade, ponto de murcha permanente ou no tamanho e distribuição dos agregados. Constatou-se desenvolvimento de compactação nos horizontes Ap e AB, em decorrência do cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, e a existência de adensamento (caráter coeso) no horizonte Bt de todos os perfis.

Climate and sea-level variations along the northwestern Tethyan margin during the Valanginian C-isotope excursion: Mineralogical evidence from the Vocontian Basin (SE France)

A high resolution mineralogical study (bulk-rock and clay-fraction) was carried out upon the hemipelagic strata of the Angles section (Vocontian Basin, SE France) in which the Valanginian positive C-isotope excursion occurs. To investigate sea-level fluctuations and climate change respectively, a Detrital Index (DI: (phyllosilicates and quartz)/calcite) and a Weathering Index (WI: kaolinite/(illite + chlorite)) were established and compared to second-order sea-level fluctuations. In addition, the mineralogical data were compared with the High Nutrient Index (HNI, based on calcareous nannofossil taxa) data obtained by Duchamp-Alphonse et al. (2007), in order to assess the link between the hydrolysis conditions recorded on the surrounding continents and the trophic conditions inferred for the Vocontian Basin. It appears that the mineralogical distribution along the northwestern Tethyan margin is mainly influenced by sea-level changes during the Early Valanginian (Pertransiens to Stephanophorus ammonite Zones) and by climate variations from the late Early Valanginian to the base of the Hauterivian (top of the Stephanophorus to the Radiatus ammonite Zones). The sea-level fall observed in the Pertransiens ammonite Zone (Early Valanginian) is well expressed by an increase in detrital inputs (an increase in the DI) associated with a more proximal source and a shallower marine environment, whereas the sea-level rise recorded in the Stephanophorus ammonite Zone corresponds to a decrease in detrital influx (a decrease in the DI) as the source becomes more distal and the environment deeper. Interpretation of both DI and WI, indicates that the positive C-isotope excursion (top of the Stephanophorus to the Verrucosum ammonite Zones) is associated with an increase of detrital inputs under a stable, warm and humid climate, probably related to greenhouse conditions, the strongest hydrolysis conditions being reached at the maximum of the positive C-isotope excursion. From the Verrucosum ammonite Zone to the base of the Hauterivian (Radiatus ammonite Zone) climatic conditions evolved from weak hydrolysis conditions and, most likely, a cooler climate (resulting in a decrease in detrital inputs) to a seasonal climate in which more humid seasons alternated with more arid ones. The comparison of the WI to the HNI shows that the nutrification recorded al: the Angles section from the top of the Stephanophorus to the Radiatus ammonite Zones (including the positive C-isotope shift), is associated with climatic changes in the source areas. At that time, increased nutrient inputs were generally triggered by increased weathering processes in the source areas due to acceleration in the hydrological cycle under greenhouse conditions This scenario accords with the widely questioned palaeoenvironmental model proposed by Lini et al., (1992) and suggests that increasing greenhouse conditions are the main factor that drove the palaeoenvironmental changes observed in the hemipelagic realm of the Vocontian Basin, during the Valanginian positive C-isotope shift. This high-resolution mineralogical study highlights short-term climatic changes during the Valanginian, probably associated to rapid changes in the C-cycle. Coeval Massive Parana-Etendeka flood basalt eruptions may explain such rapid perturbations. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Circulation of a Meaban-like virus in yellow-legged gulls and seabird ticks in the western Mediterranean Basin

In recent years, a number of zoonotic flaviviruses have emerged worldwide, and wild birds serve as their major reservoirs. Epidemiological surveys of bird populations at various geographical scales can clarify key aspects of the eco-epidemiology of these viruses. In this study, we aimed at exploring the presence of flaviviruses in the western Mediterranean by sampling breeding populations of the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis), a widely distributed, anthropophilic, and abundant seabird species. For 3 years, we sampled eggs from 19 breeding colonies in Spain, France, Algeria, and Tunisia. First, ELISAs were used to determine if the eggs contained antibodies against flaviviruses. Second, neutralization assays were used to identify the specific flaviviruses present. Finally, for colonies in which ELISA-positive eggs had been found, chick serum samples and potential vectors, culicid mosquitoes and soft ticks (Ornithodoros maritimus), were collected and analyzed using serology and PCR, respectively. The prevalence of flavivirus-specific antibodies in eggs was highly spatially heterogeneous. In northeastern Spain, on the Medes Islands and in the nearby village of L'Escala, 56% of eggs had antibodies against the flavivirus envelope protein, but were negative for neutralizing antibodies against three common flaviviruses: West Nile, Usutu, and tick-borne encephalitis viruses. Furthermore, little evidence of past flavivirus exposure was obtained for the other colonies. A subset of the Ornithodoros ticks from Medes screened for flaviviral RNA tested positive for a virus whose NS5 gene was 95% similar to that of Meaban virus, a flavivirus previously isolated from ticks of Larus argentatus in western France. All ELISA-positive samples subsequently tested positive for Meaban virus neutralizing antibodies. This study shows that gulls in the western Mediterranean Basin are exposed to a tick-borne Meaban-like virus, which underscores the need of exploring the spatial and temporal distribution of this flavivirus as well as its potential pathogenicity for animals and humans.

Floods in the Nishnabotna River Basin, Iowa, HR-140, 1991

Flood-elevation profiles and flood-peak discharges for floods during 1972, 1982, and 1987 in the Nishnabotna River basin are given in the report. The profiles are for the 1972 flood on the West and East Nishnabotna Rivers, the 1982 flood on Indian Creek, and the 1987 flood on the lower West Nishnabotna River. A flood history describes rainfall conditions and reported damages for floods occurring 1947, 1958, 1972, 1982, and 1987. Discharge for the 1982 flood on Indian Creek is 1.1 times larger than the 100-year recurrence interval discharge.

Diversidade genética de acessos do banco de germoplasma de mangaba em Sergipe

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a variabilidade genética de acessos de mangaba provenientes de populações naturais, de 11 localidades, com marcadores RAPD. Os acessos pertencem ao Banco Ativo de Mangaba da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, em Itaporanga d'Ajuda, SE. Foram utilizados 13 iniciadores, que geraram 82 fragmentos, dos quais 78 (95%) eram polimórficos. A análise genética entre localidades apresentou baixa diversidade genética; entretanto, a similaridade genética variou de 0,02 a 0,91, para os 55 acessos. Foi possível identificar grupos divergentes por meio dos agrupamentos UPGMA e ACoP. Os acessos menos similares foram provenientes de Ipiranguinha (Conde, PB) e Preguiça (Indiaroba, SE), e os mais semelhantes de Jandaíra (Costa Azul, BA). Do conjunto total, 49 acessos foram geneticamente distintos e seis semelhantes. Por meio dos marcadores RAPD, foi possível obter um perfil molecular único, além de estimar a variabilidade existente entre os acessos avaliados. O Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Mangaba da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros apresenta baixa diversidade genética entre as localidades.

Rapid and sudden advection of warm and dry air in the Mediterranean Basin

Rapid advection of extremely warm and dry air is studied during two events in the Mediterranean Basin. On 27 August 2010 a rapid advection of extremely warm and dry air affected the northeast Iberian Peninsula during a few hours. At the Barcelona city center, the temperature reached 39.3 ° C, which is the maximum temperature value recorded during 230 yr of daily data series. On 23 March 2008 a rapid increase of temperature and drop of relative humidity were recorded for a few hours in Heraklion (Crete). During the morning on that day, the recorded temperature reached 34 °C for several hours on the northern coastline of this island.According to the World Meteorological Organization none of these events can be classified as a heat wave, which requires at least two days of abnormally high temperatures; neither are they a heat burst as defined by the American Meteorological Society, where abnormal temperatures take place during a few minutes. For this reason, we suggest naming this type of event flash heat. By using data from automatic weather stations in the Barcelona and Heraklion area and WRF mesoscale numerical simulations, these events are analyzed. Additionally, the primary risks and possible impacts on several fields are presented.

High-precision dating and origin of synsedimentary volcanism in the Late Carboniferous Salvan-Dorenaz basin (Aiguilles-Rouges Massif, Western Alps)

Late Variscan volcanic activity is documented in the Late Carboniferous Salvan-Dorenaz sedimentary basin and in the neighboring basement units of the Aiguilles-Rouges and Mont-Blanc crystalline massifs (Western Alps). Precise U/Pb isotopic dating, zircon morphology and geochemical analyses indicate that volcanism occurred during short-lived pulses and that coexisting crustal and mantle sources were involved in the production of melts. Volcanic and subvolcanic products were emplaced along major N-S to NNE-SSW transtensional fracture zones, similar to the ones that governed intense basement exhumation and that favored the formation and filling of the Late Carboniferous Salvan-Dorenaz continental basin. In the Aiguilles-Rouges massif, dacitic flows outcropping at the base of the Salvan-Dorenaz basin erupted at 308 +/- 3 Ma; they represent the surface equivalent of the nearby Vallorcine peraluminous granite and associated rhyolitic dykes (311 +/- 17 Ma). In the Mont Blanc massif, calc-alkaline rhyolitic dykes were emplaced simultaneously (307 +/- 2 Ma) at shallow crustal levels, but they derive from deeper magma sources denoting enhanced mantellic activity. Recently identified tuffs and volcaniclastic layers embedded at different levels of the Salvan-Dorenaz stratigraphic record testify a 295 +3/-4 Ma old episode of highly explosive volcanism from distant volcanic centers, possibly located in the Aar-Gotthard massifs (Central Alps). Their zircon typology is highly heterogeneous. documenting wall-rock contamination of the melts and/or admixture of crustal sediments, whereas consistent subpopulations point to high-temperature magmas of deep-seated origin and alkaline affinity. The dated volcanic layers from the Salvan-Dorenaz basin set the beginning of the detrital sedimentation at 308 +/- 3 Ma and constrain the deposition of 1.5-1.7 km thick of elastic sediments within a time span of 10-15 Ma. These results infer minimum, long-term subsidence rates during basin evolution in the order of >0.1 mm/a, while in the surrounding basement units estimated exhumation rates are in the range of 1 mm/a. All dated rocks contain inherited zircon populations about 350, 450 or 600 Ma old.

The future of terrestrial mammals in the Mediterranean basin under climate change.

The Mediterranean basin is considered a hotspot of biological diversity with a long history of modification of natural ecosystems by human activities, and is one of the regions that will face extensive changes in climate. For 181 terrestrial mammals (68% of all Mediterranean mammals), we used an ensemble forecasting approach to model the future (approx. 2100) potential distribution under climate change considering five climate change model outputs for two climate scenarios. Overall, a substantial number of Mediterranean mammals will be severely threatened by future climate change, particularly endemic species. Moreover, we found important changes in potential species richness owing to climate change, with some areas (e.g. montane region in central Italy) gaining species, while most of the region will be losing species (mainly Spain and North Africa). Existing protected areas (PAs) will probably be strongly influenced by climate change, with most PAs in Africa, the Middle East and Spain losing a substantial number of species, and those PAs gaining species (e.g. central Italy and southern France) will experience a substantial shift in species composition.

Porta-enxertos promissores, alternativos ao limoeiro 'Cravo', nos Tabuleiros Costeiros de Sergipe

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar porta-enxertos alternativos ao limoeiro 'Cravo' comum, para produção de laranja 'Pêra', nas condições dos Tabuleiros Costeiros de Sergipe. Foram avaliados 43 porta-enxertos quanto a altura, copa, taxa fotossintética, teor de prolina, eficiência produtiva, produção e produtividade por planta. O limoeiro 'Cravo' comum foi considerado como padrão. Os porta-enxertos híbrido TSKC x (LCR x TR) - 059, citrandarim 'Riverside', limoeiro 'Cravo CNPMF - 03' e outros 12 superaram o limoeiro 'Cravo' comum na indução de eficiência produtiva à copa; limoeiro 'Rugoso Vermelho', citrandarim 'Indio' e mais quatro promoveram maior produtividade; TSKC x CTRK - 001 e TSKFL x CTC13 - 012 se destacaram pela magnitude da assimilação de CO2; e TSKC x (LCR x TR) - 040 e TSKC x CTRK - 001 apresentaram maior acúmulo de prolina. São considerados alternativas promissoras os seguintes porta-enxertos: híbrido TSKC x (LCR x TR) - 059; citrandarins 'Indio', 'Riverside' e 'San Diego'; limoeiros 'Rugoso Vermelho' e 'Cravo CNPMF - 03'; e híbridos TSKC x CTRK - 001, TSKFL x CTC13 - 012, TSKC x (LCR x TR) - 040, TSKC x LHA - 006, TSKC x CTQT1434 - 001, TSKC x CTSW - 058 e TSKFL x CTARG - 028.