Pasta secca e identità nazionale. Note di storia dell'alimentazione

In the wide range of data that the nutrition subject offers to the historical observation, this investigation focuses on one of the functions that food serves in the social context: that is, to signify cultural identity. In this context, we will analyse the ways in which industrially produced pasta has come to its status as one of the symbolic forms of twentieth-century Italian food, contributing to a sense of social identity that forms part of the process of nation-building developed during the XX century. The nature of the relationship between pasta and Italian food is analysed for a period of almost a century (1886-1984) through a variety of different sources: government enquiries, cookery books, gastronomic guides and menus of official dinners. The assemblage of such documents in one study allows investigation of certain themes throughout a wide range of gastronomical cultures active within the national borders. In this way, links are made between the production, adoption, reception and dissemination of the ingredients and Italian Unification.This method has made it possible to restore one possible form of historical knowledge of twentieth-century gastronomy and of the experiences by which it was influenced.

La lunga storia dell'idrovia Padova - Venezia

The present dissertation focuses on an unfinished project for the construction of an inland waterway between Padua and Venice, in northern Italy. The history of this channel is analysed in the context of the general debate for the development of a waterway network in the Padanian plain. The project of reconstructing and enlarging the existing ancient channels for the development of a modern river transport system was born at the beginning of the 20th century as an attempt to withstand the railway’s concurrency. The main project aimed at transforming the Po river and other small rivers and channels in a big waterway for the connection of the most important northern industrial cities with Venice’s harbour and the Adriatic sea. Even if the idea of restoring the historical channel between Padua and Venice arose at the end of the First World War, it was only during the years 50s that a new project was conceived and the waterway was included in a global project for the construction of a whole new channel from Venice to Milan. The new project, strongly supported by the local Christian Democratic Party, was managed for more than twenty years causing a huge expenditure of money. After a great investment by both the central State and the local bodies (more than 100 millions euro) the project was finally abandoned. This research reconstructs the historical process and the economical motivations that sustained that project until its failure. Moreover, with the aim of understanding the reasons and the differences of such a failure, the history of inland waterway transport in Italy is compared with contemporary developments in Germany.

Restauro tra Storia e Progetto

Il mio elaborato finale si chiama “Restauro tra storia e progetto”, in cui rimetto a sistema, quanto appreso nelle materie di restauro, partendo dal laboratorio di restauro, dove la Prof. Antonella Ranaldi ci ha fatto trattare il complesso monumentale dell’ex convento di Sant’ Agostino a Cesena. Partendo da una lunga ricerca bibliografica, abbiamo individuato gli interventi da effettuare sul prospetto lungo via delle Mura di Sant’ Agostino ed effettuato il rilievo che ci ha permesso l’elaborazione del progetto. Gli interventi realizzati nel corso dei secoli costituiscono un esempio inquietante perchè se pure con esiti diversi ed in parte anche positivi, hanno però complessivamente portato alla situazione attuale, ormai compromessa per la definitiva perdita di molte interessanti tracce storiche. Data l'impossibilità di restituire al prospetto la sua immagine originaria abbiamo deciso di effettuare la sagramatura, che ha cancellato le stratificazioni che si sono succedute nei vari periodi storici. Abbiamo dato al prospetto una nuova immagine, riportando il prospetto ad un periodo storico non esattamente datato. L'illuminazione di questa preziosa facciata ha voluto essere un elemento discreto, capace di porre in risalto gli elementi architettonici e consentire, anche al calare del sole, un'intensa esperienza emotiva. In ogni caso si vuole evitare una scenografia serale eccessiva o artificiosa , e illuminare la facciata in maniera uniforme. Per fare questo si sono scelti apparecchi di illuminazione dotati di ottica asimmetrica, in modo da indirizzare il fascio di luce solo sulle superfici da illuminare e di ridurre così al minimo l'inquinamento luminoso. L'illuminazione omogenea della facciata in mattoni avviene attraverso riflettori con ottica larga, vetro allungante in verticale e schermo antiabbagliamento, posizionati su appositi pali (due pezzi per palo, paralleli alla facciata) situati dall'altra parte della strada di via delle mura. Mentre le lesene e il basamento sono illuminati da riflettori con condensatore ottico incassati nel terreno o nascosti nella parte superiore della cornice, con distribuzione della luce per un'altezza di circa 7 metri. Si è scelto di utilizzare sorgenti a luce bianca per mettere in risalto i materiali della facciata, senza alterarne i colori già di per se saturi. Abbiamo previsto nonostante lo stato di degrado, di recuperare il portone e le porte. Le parti mancanti vengono integrate con parti in legno della stessa essenza. Tutte le forature verranno poi tamponate con adeguati stucchi. Si ritiene fondamentale, in termini di restauro conservativo, mantenere ogni elemento che ancora sia in grado di svolgere la sua funzione. E' evidente in facciata il filo dell'impianto elettrico. E' stato pensato di farlo scorrere all'interno di una canalina, di dimensioni 4,5 x 7 cm, posizionata sopra il cornicione, nascosta alla vista del prospetto. Le gronde e i pluviali sono stati sostituiti durante l'ultimo intervento di rifacimento delle coperture, tuttavia non è stato studiato un posizionamento adeguato dei pluviali. Infatti, alcuni di questi, sopratutto quelli del prospetto principale sono posizionati senza alcun ordine. In alcuni casi i pluviali risultano essere scarsi con conseguente allagamento delle gronde e colate di acqua piovana sul muro. Nel nostro progetto si prevede di posizionare gli scarichi delle gronde sui lati, in maniera tale da non ostruire la facciata, inoltre vengono aumentati i pluviali per la gronda più alta. La seconda parte riguarda il restauro del borgo di Castelleale, che abbiamo trattato con il Prof. Andrea Ugolini nel laboratorio di sintesi finale. Il tema del corso ha previsto una prima fase di studio comprendente la ricerca storica e bibliografica, l’inquadramento dell’oggetto nel contesto urbano, la redazione delle piante di fase e ricostruzioni planivolumetriche nelle varie fasi storiche. Nella seconda fase abbiamo effettuato il rilievo, fatto foto esterne e interne di dettaglio per l’inquadramento del tema e delle sue caratteristiche architettoniche, studiato le principali cause di degrado e alterazione dei materiali da costruzione redigendo le tavole del degrado e dello stato di conservazione. Nella fase progettuale abbiamo deciso di effettuare un minimo intervento sul rudere, ripristinando la copertura crollata attraverso una copertura moderna sostenuta da pilastri, che vanno a costituire una struttura staccata rispetto al rudere. La terza parte riguarda l’efficienza energetica, il tema che ho affrontato sotto la guida del Prof. Kristian Fabbri in occasione dell’elaborato finale.

Perceptual maps analysis for organic food consumers in China: a study on Shanghai consumers

Although in Europe and in the USA many studies focus on organic, little is known on the topic in China. This research provides an insight on Shanghai consumers’ perception of organic, aiming at understanding and representing in graphic form the network of mental associations that stems from the organic concept. To acquire, process and aggregate the individual networks it was used the “Brand concept mapping” methodology (Roedder et al., 2006), while the data analysis was carried out also using analytic procedures. The results achieved suggest that organic food is perceived as healthy, safe and costly. Although these attributes are pretty much consistent with the European perception, some relevant differences emerged. First, organic is not necessarily synonymous with natural product in China, also due to a poor translation of the term in the Chinese language that conveys the idea of a manufactured product. Secondly, the organic label has to deal with the competition with the green food label in terms of image and positioning on the market, since they are easily associated and often confused. “Environmental protection” also emerged as relevant association, while the ethical and social values were not mentioned. In conclusion, health care and security concerns are the factors that influence most the food consumption in China (many people are so concerned about food safety that they found it difficult to shop), and the associations “Safe”, “Pure and natural”, “without chemicals” and “healthy” have been identified as the best candidates for leveraging a sound image of organic food .

Le politiche giudiziarie inglesi degli anni 2000: mutamento di paradigma e rafforzamento dell'incisività politica dei giudici

The Ph.D. dissertation analyses the reasons for which political actors (governments, legislatures and political parties) decide consciously to give away a source of power by increasing the political significance of the courts. It focuses on a single case of particular significance: the passage of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 in the United Kingdom. This Act has deeply changed the governance and the organization of the English judicial system, has provided a much clearer separation of powers and a stronger independence of the judiciary from the executive and the legislative. What’s more, this strengthening of the judicial independence has been decided in a period in which the political role of the English judges was evidently increasing. I argue that the reform can be interpreted as a «paradigm shift» (Hall 1993), that has changed the way in which the judicial power is considered. The most diffused conceptions in the sub-system of the English judicial policies are shifted, and a new paradigm has become dominant. The new paradigm includes: (i) stronger separation of powers, (ii) collective (as well as individual) conception of the independence of the judiciary, (iii) reduction of the political accountability of the judges, (iv) formalization of the guarantees of judicial independence, (v) principle-driven (instead of pragmatic) approach to the reforms, and (vi) transformation of a non-codified constitution in a codified one. Judicialization through political decisions represent an important, but not fully explored, field of research. The literature, in particular, has focused on factors unable to explain the English case: the competitiveness of the party system (Ramseyer 1994), the political uncertainty at the time of constitutional design (Ginsburg 2003), the cultural divisions within the polity (Hirschl 2004), federal institutions and division of powers (Shapiro 2002). All these contributes link the decision to enhance the political relevance of the judges to some kind of diffusion of political power. In the contemporary England, characterized by a relative high concentration of power in the government, the reasons for such a reform should be located elsewhere. I argue that the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 can be interpreted as a result of three different kinds of reasons: (i) the social and demographical transformations of the English judiciary, which have made inefficient most of the precedent mechanism of governance, (ii) the role played by the judges in the policy process and (iii) the cognitive and normative influences originated from the European context, as a consequence of the membership of the United Kingdom to the European Union and the Council of Europe. My thesis is that only a full analysis of all these three aspects can explain the decision to reform the judicial system and the content of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005. Only the cultural influences come from the European legal complex, above all, can explain the paradigm shift previously described.

Roma, tra storia ed archeologia: religione, istituzioni, territorio nell'epoca delle origini

My research tells about the origins of Rome. I think that Rome became a civil community under king Tullus Hostilius who transformed a federation of villages in a city. Perhaps he retook a project of his grandfather, Hostus Hostilius. I think also that the tradition on the early Rome was elaborated by Servius Tullius’ court and his motivations must be researched in the relations between this king and Tarquin’s dynasty. Finally I formulated some particular theories on the comitia centuriata and their evolution and on the international politic of Servius Tullius.

Per una reinterpretazione della fuoriuscita di Dossetti dalla DC. Nuove fonti archivistiche sulle due vicesegreterie nazionali del partito(1945-46 E 1950-51)

Commento testuale e contestuale di circa duecento fonti inedite e sconosciute alla storiografia sul ruolo di vicesegretario politico della DC di Giuseppe Dossetti, in particolare con riferimento allo scioglimento dei CLN, del referendum istituzionale, della organizzazione del partito e infine, della sua rottura politica con De Gasperi.

La psicologia della Gestalt. Ricerche teoriche e sperimentali sulla percezione sonora e musicale (1890-1939)

The aim of the present work is a historical survey on Gestalt trends in psychological research between late 19th and the first half of 20th century with privileged reference to sound and musical perception by means of a reconsideration of experimental and theoretical literature. Ernst Mach and Christian von Ehrenfels gave rise to the debate about Gestaltqualität which notably grew thanks to the ‘Graz School’ (Alexius Meinong, Stephan Witasek, Anton Faist, Vittorio Benussi), where the object theory and the production theory of perception were worked out. Stumpf’s research on Tonpsychologie and Franz Brentano’s tradition of ‘act psychology’ were directly involved in this debate, opposing to Wilhelm Wundt’s conception of the discipline; this clearly came to light in Stumpf’s controversy with Carl Lorenz and Wundt on Tondistanzen. Stumpf’s concept of Verschmelzung and his views about consonance and concordance led him to some disputes with Theodor Lipps and Felix Krueger, lasting more than two decades. Carl Stumpf was responsible for education of a new generation of scholars during his teaching at the Berlin University: his pupils Wolfgang Köhler, Kurt Koffka and Max Wertheimer established the so-called ‘Berlin School’ and promoted the official Gestalt theory since the 1910s. After 1922 until 1938 they gave life and led together with other distinguished scientists the «Psychologische Forschung», a scientific journal in which ‘Gestalt laws’ and many other acoustical studies on different themes (such as sound localization, successive comparison, phonetic phenomena) were exposed. During the 1920s Erich Moritz von Hornbostel gave important contributions towards the definition of an organic Tonsystem in which sound phenomena could find adequate arrangement. Last section of the work contains descriptions of Albert Wellek’s studies, Kurt Huber’s vowel researches and aspects of melody perception, apparent movement and phi-phenomenon in acoustical field. The work contains also some considerations on the relationships among tone psychology, musical psychology, Gestalt psychology, musical aesthetics and musical theory. Finally, the way Gestalt psychology changed earlier interpretations is exemplified by the decisive renewal of perception theory, the abandon of Konstanzannahme, some repercussions on theory of meaning as organization and on feelings in musical experience.