935 resultados para Reading and Writing
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OBJETIVOS: caracterizar e comparar o desempenho de escolares com e sem dificuldades de aprendizagem no ensino particular em habilidades fonológicas, nomeação rápida, leitura e escrita. MÉTODOS: participaram desse estudo 60 escolares de 2ª a 4ª séries de escola de ensino particular, distribuídos em 6 grupos, sendo cada grupo composto por 10 escolares, sendo 3 grupos de escolares com dificuldades de aprendizagem e 3 grupos de escolares sem dificuldades de aprendizagem. Como procedimentos, foram realizadas a prova de nomeação automática rápida, a de consciência fonológica e a prova de leitura oral e escrita sob ditado. RESULTADOS: os resultados desse estudo evidenciaram desempenho superior dos escolares sem dificuldades de aprendizagem em relação àqueles com dificuldades. Os escolares com dificuldades de aprendizagem apresentaram maior relação velocidade/tempo em tarefas de nomeação e, conseqüentemente, desempenho inferior em tarefas de consciência fonológica e leitura e escrita de palavras isoladas quando comparados aos sem dificuldades de aprendizagem. CONCLUSÃO: os escolares com dificuldades de aprendizagem apresentaram comprometimento na relação entre as capacidades de nomeação e automatização dos estímulos apresentados com a capacidade de acesso lexical, discriminação visual, freqüência de uso dos estímulos e competição para a apresentação do menor tempo possível na nomeação dos códigos necessários para o estabelecimento do mecanismo de conversão fonema-grafema, exigido para a realização da leitura e escrita em um sistema alfabético como o português.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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No Brasil, a partir da última década do século XIX, com a organização republicana da instrução pública, observa-se o início de um movimento de escolarização das práticas de leitura e escrita e de identificação entre o processo de ensino inicial dessas práticas e a questão dos métodos. A partir de então, a cartilha vai-se consolidando como um imprescindível instrumento de concretização dos métodos propostos e, em decorrência, de configuração de determinado conteúdo de ensino, assim como de certas silenciosas, mas operantes, concepções de alfabetização, leitura, escrita e texto, cuja finalidade e utilidade se encerram nos limites da própria escola e cuja permanência se pode observar até os dias atuais. O objetivo deste artigo é, mediante análise dessas questões, problematizar a relação entre cartilha de alfabetização e cultura escolar e seus desdobramentos na história da educação e da alfabetização em nosso país.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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O transtorno fonológico ocorre quando há dificuldade quanto à aquisição e uso dos sons da fala. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o desempenho em leitura e escrita de escolares com transtorno fonológico. Participaram do estudo 28 escolares na faixa etária de 7 a 9 anos de idade com trocas na fala. A amostra foi composta de 70% do sexo masculino e 30% do feminino. Os resultados revelaram que entre 57% e 85% dos escolares da 1 a à 3 a séries apresentaram transtorno fonológico presente na oralidade e na escrita, enquanto que 100% dos escolares da 4 a série apresentaram transtorno fonológico evidenciado apenas na leitura e na escrita. Os achados deste estudo demonstraram que a linguagem oral está intrinsecamente relacionada com o desenvolvimento da leitura e da escrita e que alterações no processamento fonológico da criança podem desencadear alterações no desenvolvimento da leitura e escrita.
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BACKGROUND: Specific reading disability is caused by disruptions in the language abilities. AIM: To characterize the neurological, cognitive and phonological performances of scholars with specific reading disabilities pre and post a remediation program. METHOD: Group I consisted of ten scholars with specific reading disability who did not undergo the remediation program. Group II consisted of ten scholars with specific reading disabilities who took part in the proposed program. Neurological, psychological and phonological evaluations were made, as well as a test of scholastic performance and of reading and writing before and after the program. RESULTS: The scholars who underwent the remediation program demonstrated improvements in their neurological and cognitive performances and also in the processing of phonological information. CONCLUSION: Favoring of the emergence of phonological and syntactic awareness after the remediation program.
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Background: familial dyslexia. Aim: to characterize and compare the phonological awareness, working memory, reading and writing abilities of individuals whose family members are also affected. Method: in this study 10 familial nuclei of natural family relationship of individuals with dyslexia were analyzed. Families of natural individuals living in the west region of the state of São Paulo were selected. Inclusion criteria were: to be a native speaker of the Brazilian Portuguese language, to have 8 years of age or more, to present positive familial history for learning disabilities, That is, to present at least one relative with difficulties in learning. Exclusion criteria were: to present any neurological disorder genetically caused or not, in any of the family members, such as dystonia, extra pyramidal diseases, mental disorder, epilepsy, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHA); psychiatric symptoms or conditions; or any other pertinent conditions that could cause errors in the diagnosis. As for the diagnosis of developmental dyslexia, information about the familial history of the adolescents and children was gathered with the parents, so that a detailed pedigree could be delineated. Neurological, psychological, speech-language, and school performance evaluations were made with the individuals and their families. Results: the results of this study suggest that the dyslexic individuals and their respective relatives, also with dyslexia, presented lower performances than the control group in terms of rapid automatic naming, reading, writing and phonological awareness. Conclusion: deficits in phonological awareness, working memory, reading and writing seem to have genetic susceptibility that possibly determine, when in interaction with the environment, the manifestation of dyslexia.
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Background: program for phonological remediation in developmental dyslexia. Aim: to verify the efficacy of a program for phonological remediation in students with developmental dyslexia. Specific goals of this study involved the comparison of the linguistic-cognitive performance of students with developmental dyslexia with that of students considered good readers; to compare the results obtained in pre and post-testing situations of students with dyslexia who were and were not submitted to the program; and to compare the results obtained with the phonological remediation program in students with developmental dyslexia to those obtained in good readers. Method: participants of this study were 24 students who were divided as follows: Group I (GI) was divided in two other groups - Gle with 6 students with developmental dyslexia who were submitted to the program; and Glc with 6 students with developmental dyslexia who were not submitted to the program; Group II (GII) was also divided in two other groups - GIIe with 6 good readers who were submitted to the program, and GIIc with 6 good readers who were not submitted to the program. The phonological remediation program (Gonzalez & Rosquete, 2002) was developed in three stages: pre-testing, training and post-testing. Results: results indicate that GI presented a lower performance in phonological skills, reading and writing when compared to GII in the pre-testing situation. However, GIe presented a similar performance to that of GII in the post-testing situation, indicating the effectiveness of the phonological remediation program in students with developmental dyslexia. Conclusion: this study made evident the effectiveness of the phonological remediation program in students with developmental dyslexia.
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The importance reading and writing and being able to use these skills in a variety of situations is an absolute reality. In our society in which reading and writing are widely used, Brazil still faces severe problems with literacy, as revealed in literacy statistics and in the large number of students with learning disabilities. Thus, our text aims to present a survey of the research that focuses on intervention programs highlighting the needs of this group, with special attention on the use of narrative or storytelling. Specific criteria were established, the main one being the period of the publications (2000 to 2010). The results of the analysis of 15 texts showed that intervention is the most neglected area. International literature presents concerns related to scientific rigor or greater control of variables related to ongoing programs, as well as measures for generalizing the effective use of these programs, within verbal communities, with special focus on schools. Our revision enabled us to conclude that, even though production on written language is large, international literature is much more expressive with reference to intervention programs. Furthermore, in both national and international literature, production concerning the understanding of written language processes of acquisition and development prevails.
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In relation to United Nations Literacy Decade (2003- 2012), are being developed in Brazil many public policies on education and literacy. The results of these public policies indicate both noisy conquest of some advances as the worsening of many historical problems. Among these, we highlight the result of silencing of discussion around the concept of restricted and rudimentary literacy, on which, in line with neoliberal political model, are based educational policies and corresponding systems assessment of skills and competencies of reading and writing, which it is hoped that students learn and which are defi ning the role of the teacher as a mere provider of strategies for such learning. Based on this hypothesis, we present, in a tone of critical balance, refl ections on the Decade of Literacy in order to contribute to the discussion of problems and perspectives for teaching reading and writing in Brazil.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC
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Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC
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Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC